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Species

The present study includes the information on inventory of plant species. The enumeration was car... more The present study includes the information on inventory of plant species. The enumeration was carried out in 10 ha in Sri Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary forest by laying a total of 125 quadrates (20 X 20m) sixw. A total of 520 plant species belonging to 328 genera and 87 families were recorded; which include 243 herbs, 133 trees, 49 shrubs, 56 vines and 39 lianas. The inventory includes 53 endemic plants of peninsular India and nine threatened plants that are included in IUCN Red List category.

Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

In forest ecological studies, the data are often collected as nominal variables which can be summ... more In forest ecological studies, the data are often collected as nominal variables which can be summarized as frequency data. For this kind of nominal data, the chi-square test statistic can be used to evaluate whether the study groups are independent or not in their occurrence. This frequency data are arranged in a 2 x 2 table or with more rows and columns tabular format to undertake Chi-square test. Frequency or counts data of exclusive categories are used to test their independence/association by testing their proportion of occurrence in the rows and columns of the Chi-square table. The article includes the details on the data that can be used under Chi-square test through case studies, assumptions associated with the test, how the test and associated p-value can be achieved by simple manual calculation without any statistical program.

Forest soils are considered as one of the major carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems owing to t... more Forest soils are considered as one of the major carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems owing to their higher amounts of soil organic matter/carbon. The objective of the study is to estimate the SOC content and soil respiration, their spatial variations and the relationship between them. The study was undertaken in a dry deciduous forest of Kadapa hill ranges. The samples were taken from two study sites namely site 1 at foot hills and site 2 on the hill slopes. The samples were analyzed for SOC by Walkley-Black method and soil respiration by alkali absorption method and several physio-chemical parameters were also measured. The SOC values up to 30 cm depth indicated that site 1 registered a high value (32.3 t/ha) than the site 2 value (27.59 t/ha). The mean SOC values of the upper surface layer (0 – 10cm) in the two study sites were 0.65±0.092 and 0.596±0.083 respectively and the average values of SOC in the bottom layer (10 30cm) are 0.78±0.105 and 0.32±0.051 respectively in the two...

The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2016

Trees in urban ecosystem are very important as they protect the environment and maintain the ecol... more Trees in urban ecosystem are very important as they protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance by reducing air and noise pollution. The purpose of avenue trees in urban areas is as ornamentals, shade giving, aesthetic and medicinal value. A small study has been undertaken to assess the avenue and other amenity tree species in the urban areas of Kadapa city of Andhra Pradesh, India. Totally 58 species belonging to 51 genera and 27 families are inventoried which are grown as avenue trees, ornamentals, shade plants etc. All these species are grown in different areas of the city. They are mainly grown in the road dividers, along road sides, premises of government offices and educational institutions, temple yards, house yards etc.

Lianas are woody climbers that are rooted on the ground and rely on other plants to reach the lig... more Lianas are woody climbers that are rooted on the ground and rely on other plants to reach the light rich environment of the upper forest canopy. An inventory of lianas was carried out in two plots of a tropical dry forest in Sri Lankamalla wildlife sanctuary of Kadapa region, Andhra Pradesh, India. The sampling was carried out in 50 quadrats of 20x20m size, 25 each in flat forests and hill slope forests consisting of varied degree of disturbance levels. All lianas ≥1.5 cm dbh were invented in these 50 quadrates (2 ha). A total of 38 woody species belonging to 18 families, 34 genera were recorded. Asclepiadaceae followed by Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Capparaceae formed the dominant families. Stem twining formed the most frequent climbing mode and anemochory was observed as dominant dispersal mode. Combretum albidum formed the dominant liana and the top ten dominant lianas accounted for 54% of total liana abundance. Habitat specificity was also observed in liana distribution. Liana spe...

Ecology of Lianas, 2014

ABSTRACT This chapter examines the pantropical patterns of liana abundance and species diversity ... more ABSTRACT This chapter examines the pantropical patterns of liana abundance and species diversity and their correlates with climatic characteristics to gain insight into which processes are important for the distribution of tropical lianas. The analyses follow from the standard sampling protocol of liana diversity and abundance used by Alwyn Gentry in the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter examines how climatic conditions are associated with liana density and diversity, by analyzing old-growth continental forests at <1050m in elevation and with mean annual precipitation >850mm yr-1.To broaden the discussion of determinants of liana density and diversity beyond climatic factors, the authors comment on differences between temperate and tropical forests and between continental and island regions. The chapter focuses on sites in the Global Liana Database (GLD) from temperate forests in Australia, subtropical forest in Argentina, and an island in the Caribbean, and also reviews the available literature.

Ecology of Lianas, 2014

ABSTRACT This chapter describes variation in species composition, density, climbing mechanisms an... more ABSTRACT This chapter describes variation in species composition, density, climbing mechanisms and dispersal syndromes of lianas across four principal forest types of peninsular India. The forest types include: wet evergreen forest (WEF), semi-evergreen forest (SEF), seasonal dry forest (SDF), and dry evergreen forest (DEF). The chapter compares the characteristics of Indian lianas to those reported for other forests around the world. It presents a table that summarizes the details of the 40 study sites, including the forest type, altitude, the forest stature, the mean annual rainfall, the length of the dry season and the sample design. The distribution of lianas in the four forest types showed a pronounced dominance by a limited subset of species. Five climbing mechanisms were employed by lianas in the four forest types. The lianas of SDF and DEF sites displayed four different climbing mechanisms.

Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003

Liana diversity was inventoried in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites that are characterize... more Liana diversity was inventoried in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites that are characterized by numerous trees, of short stature and small diameter, and a varying degree of anthropogenic disturbance, on the Coromandel coast of south India. A 1-ha plot was established in each of the four sites and was subdivided into 100 quadrats of 10 m× 10 m. All

Mining based industries play an important role in improving country's economic growth and in ... more Mining based industries play an important role in improving country's economic growth and in generating employment. On the other hand mining activities and its auxiliary industries have the potential to cause environmental degradation. Life cycle assessment is one of the effective practices to achieve environmentally better management in mine based industries. Baryte mineral is richly available in YSR Kadapa district and is widely used in several industries. Thus Barytes mineral based industries are also plenty in this region. In these industries by using pulverisers, Barytes rock are grinded to prescribed mesh size end products and are transported to different parts of the country. A Baryte mineral pulversing factory was taken as a case study to study the product process by Life Cycle Approach method. The environmental assessment revealed the presence of air pollution especially due to less particles size, local noise pollution and open dumping of raw materials in the industry compound. The life cycle assessment indicates that, maintenance of equipment, time schedule for the effective procuring of raw materials and export of end products, safety measures to workers at the work place are few helpful measures to be taken. It also indicated that steps have not been taken to strategically improve the value addition to Baryte mineral by starting new industries that can use the Baryte mineral in this region itself.

The aim of the investigation was to analyze phytosociological characteristics and diversity patte... more The aim of the investigation was to analyze phytosociological characteristics and diversity patterns of tropical forest of Eastern Ghats-R.V. Nagar Range, Visakhapatnam district. The three forest types here include semi evergreen, moist deciduous and savannah. The Shannon index was recorded high for moist deciduous with 5.50 followed by semi evergreen with 5.27 and savannah with 3.71. Similarity index reveals that only 62.4% of floristic composition of semi evergreen forest is similar with moist deciduous, followed by 32% between moist deciduous and savannah and a very low similarity (5%) was observed between semi evergreen and savannah. Phytosociological characteristics reveals that Pterocarpus marsupium, Schleichera oleosa, Mangifera indica, Syzgium cumini, Bauhinia vahliii, Mallotus philippensis and Grewia tilifolia were the most frequent species when overall forest types were considered. Based on Raunkier' s frequency distribution 81.4% species are falling under A frequency class (1%-20%), 6.98% species fall in B and C class category (21%-40% and 41%-60% respectively) and 4.65% in D class (61%-80%) in semi evergreen. Moist deciduous showed 82.1% in A class, 8.3% in B class, 7.1% in C class followed by 1.2% in D & E class. In the case of savannah 61% were in B, 28% in D and 11% in E class. The distribution pattern revealed that 107 species showed regular pattern, 12 as random and one species as contiguous pattern. The study provided diversity and distribution pattern of tree species in R.V.

Tropical Ecology, 2006

Abstract: Liana diversity and their distribution on host trees were studied in four 1 ha plots, d... more Abstract: Liana diversity and their distribution on host trees were studied in four 1 ha plots, distributed one in each of the four inland tropical dry evergreen forest sites of peninsular India. A total of 2678 lianas (≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height, dbh) belonging to 35 species in 32 ...

Species

The present study includes the information on inventory of plant species. The enumeration was car... more The present study includes the information on inventory of plant species. The enumeration was carried out in 10 ha in Sri Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary forest by laying a total of 125 quadrates (20 X 20m) sixw. A total of 520 plant species belonging to 328 genera and 87 families were recorded; which include 243 herbs, 133 trees, 49 shrubs, 56 vines and 39 lianas. The inventory includes 53 endemic plants of peninsular India and nine threatened plants that are included in IUCN Red List category.

Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

In forest ecological studies, the data are often collected as nominal variables which can be summ... more In forest ecological studies, the data are often collected as nominal variables which can be summarized as frequency data. For this kind of nominal data, the chi-square test statistic can be used to evaluate whether the study groups are independent or not in their occurrence. This frequency data are arranged in a 2 x 2 table or with more rows and columns tabular format to undertake Chi-square test. Frequency or counts data of exclusive categories are used to test their independence/association by testing their proportion of occurrence in the rows and columns of the Chi-square table. The article includes the details on the data that can be used under Chi-square test through case studies, assumptions associated with the test, how the test and associated p-value can be achieved by simple manual calculation without any statistical program.

Forest soils are considered as one of the major carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems owing to t... more Forest soils are considered as one of the major carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems owing to their higher amounts of soil organic matter/carbon. The objective of the study is to estimate the SOC content and soil respiration, their spatial variations and the relationship between them. The study was undertaken in a dry deciduous forest of Kadapa hill ranges. The samples were taken from two study sites namely site 1 at foot hills and site 2 on the hill slopes. The samples were analyzed for SOC by Walkley-Black method and soil respiration by alkali absorption method and several physio-chemical parameters were also measured. The SOC values up to 30 cm depth indicated that site 1 registered a high value (32.3 t/ha) than the site 2 value (27.59 t/ha). The mean SOC values of the upper surface layer (0 – 10cm) in the two study sites were 0.65±0.092 and 0.596±0.083 respectively and the average values of SOC in the bottom layer (10 30cm) are 0.78±0.105 and 0.32±0.051 respectively in the two...

The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2016

Trees in urban ecosystem are very important as they protect the environment and maintain the ecol... more Trees in urban ecosystem are very important as they protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance by reducing air and noise pollution. The purpose of avenue trees in urban areas is as ornamentals, shade giving, aesthetic and medicinal value. A small study has been undertaken to assess the avenue and other amenity tree species in the urban areas of Kadapa city of Andhra Pradesh, India. Totally 58 species belonging to 51 genera and 27 families are inventoried which are grown as avenue trees, ornamentals, shade plants etc. All these species are grown in different areas of the city. They are mainly grown in the road dividers, along road sides, premises of government offices and educational institutions, temple yards, house yards etc.

Lianas are woody climbers that are rooted on the ground and rely on other plants to reach the lig... more Lianas are woody climbers that are rooted on the ground and rely on other plants to reach the light rich environment of the upper forest canopy. An inventory of lianas was carried out in two plots of a tropical dry forest in Sri Lankamalla wildlife sanctuary of Kadapa region, Andhra Pradesh, India. The sampling was carried out in 50 quadrats of 20x20m size, 25 each in flat forests and hill slope forests consisting of varied degree of disturbance levels. All lianas ≥1.5 cm dbh were invented in these 50 quadrates (2 ha). A total of 38 woody species belonging to 18 families, 34 genera were recorded. Asclepiadaceae followed by Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Capparaceae formed the dominant families. Stem twining formed the most frequent climbing mode and anemochory was observed as dominant dispersal mode. Combretum albidum formed the dominant liana and the top ten dominant lianas accounted for 54% of total liana abundance. Habitat specificity was also observed in liana distribution. Liana spe...

Ecology of Lianas, 2014

ABSTRACT This chapter examines the pantropical patterns of liana abundance and species diversity ... more ABSTRACT This chapter examines the pantropical patterns of liana abundance and species diversity and their correlates with climatic characteristics to gain insight into which processes are important for the distribution of tropical lianas. The analyses follow from the standard sampling protocol of liana diversity and abundance used by Alwyn Gentry in the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter examines how climatic conditions are associated with liana density and diversity, by analyzing old-growth continental forests at <1050m in elevation and with mean annual precipitation >850mm yr-1.To broaden the discussion of determinants of liana density and diversity beyond climatic factors, the authors comment on differences between temperate and tropical forests and between continental and island regions. The chapter focuses on sites in the Global Liana Database (GLD) from temperate forests in Australia, subtropical forest in Argentina, and an island in the Caribbean, and also reviews the available literature.

Ecology of Lianas, 2014

ABSTRACT This chapter describes variation in species composition, density, climbing mechanisms an... more ABSTRACT This chapter describes variation in species composition, density, climbing mechanisms and dispersal syndromes of lianas across four principal forest types of peninsular India. The forest types include: wet evergreen forest (WEF), semi-evergreen forest (SEF), seasonal dry forest (SDF), and dry evergreen forest (DEF). The chapter compares the characteristics of Indian lianas to those reported for other forests around the world. It presents a table that summarizes the details of the 40 study sites, including the forest type, altitude, the forest stature, the mean annual rainfall, the length of the dry season and the sample design. The distribution of lianas in the four forest types showed a pronounced dominance by a limited subset of species. Five climbing mechanisms were employed by lianas in the four forest types. The lianas of SDF and DEF sites displayed four different climbing mechanisms.

Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003

Liana diversity was inventoried in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites that are characterize... more Liana diversity was inventoried in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites that are characterized by numerous trees, of short stature and small diameter, and a varying degree of anthropogenic disturbance, on the Coromandel coast of south India. A 1-ha plot was established in each of the four sites and was subdivided into 100 quadrats of 10 m× 10 m. All

Mining based industries play an important role in improving country's economic growth and in ... more Mining based industries play an important role in improving country's economic growth and in generating employment. On the other hand mining activities and its auxiliary industries have the potential to cause environmental degradation. Life cycle assessment is one of the effective practices to achieve environmentally better management in mine based industries. Baryte mineral is richly available in YSR Kadapa district and is widely used in several industries. Thus Barytes mineral based industries are also plenty in this region. In these industries by using pulverisers, Barytes rock are grinded to prescribed mesh size end products and are transported to different parts of the country. A Baryte mineral pulversing factory was taken as a case study to study the product process by Life Cycle Approach method. The environmental assessment revealed the presence of air pollution especially due to less particles size, local noise pollution and open dumping of raw materials in the industry compound. The life cycle assessment indicates that, maintenance of equipment, time schedule for the effective procuring of raw materials and export of end products, safety measures to workers at the work place are few helpful measures to be taken. It also indicated that steps have not been taken to strategically improve the value addition to Baryte mineral by starting new industries that can use the Baryte mineral in this region itself.

The aim of the investigation was to analyze phytosociological characteristics and diversity patte... more The aim of the investigation was to analyze phytosociological characteristics and diversity patterns of tropical forest of Eastern Ghats-R.V. Nagar Range, Visakhapatnam district. The three forest types here include semi evergreen, moist deciduous and savannah. The Shannon index was recorded high for moist deciduous with 5.50 followed by semi evergreen with 5.27 and savannah with 3.71. Similarity index reveals that only 62.4% of floristic composition of semi evergreen forest is similar with moist deciduous, followed by 32% between moist deciduous and savannah and a very low similarity (5%) was observed between semi evergreen and savannah. Phytosociological characteristics reveals that Pterocarpus marsupium, Schleichera oleosa, Mangifera indica, Syzgium cumini, Bauhinia vahliii, Mallotus philippensis and Grewia tilifolia were the most frequent species when overall forest types were considered. Based on Raunkier' s frequency distribution 81.4% species are falling under A frequency class (1%-20%), 6.98% species fall in B and C class category (21%-40% and 41%-60% respectively) and 4.65% in D class (61%-80%) in semi evergreen. Moist deciduous showed 82.1% in A class, 8.3% in B class, 7.1% in C class followed by 1.2% in D & E class. In the case of savannah 61% were in B, 28% in D and 11% in E class. The distribution pattern revealed that 107 species showed regular pattern, 12 as random and one species as contiguous pattern. The study provided diversity and distribution pattern of tree species in R.V.

Tropical Ecology, 2006

Abstract: Liana diversity and their distribution on host trees were studied in four 1 ha plots, d... more Abstract: Liana diversity and their distribution on host trees were studied in four 1 ha plots, distributed one in each of the four inland tropical dry evergreen forest sites of peninsular India. A total of 2678 lianas (≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height, dbh) belonging to 35 species in 32 ...