M Sypuła - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M Sypuła

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2014

Size of plant material particles designed for biogas production. This study aimed at development ... more Size of plant material particles designed for biogas production. This study aimed at development of chopped material characteristics of energy plants harvested at two phases of growth for the production of biogas. The plant material harvested in late June (I term) was characterized by a higher moisture content (76.3%) than that harvested in late July (big bluestem, switchgrass) or in early October (other plants, 62.7%); however, no relationship was found with the particle size, because for Jerusalem artichokes Helianthus tuberosus, giant knotweed Polygonum sachalinense, Virginia mallow Sida hermaphrodita, big bluestem Andropogon gerardii and switchgrass Panicum virgatum it decreased in the range from 10.40–5.39 mm to 6.86–4.71 mm, and for Miscanthus ×giganteus and Spartina pectinata it increased from 6.24 and 5.08 mm to 6.36 and 5.54 mm, respectively. Cumulative distributions were approximated by a RRSB model and veried by statistical tests.

Streszczenie. Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów wymiarów cząstek rozdrobnionych siedmiu gatun... more Streszczenie. Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów wymiarów cząstek rozdrobnionych siedmiu gatunków roślin energetycznych w toporowym zespole tnącym sieczkarni polowej i rozdrabniaczu bijakowym oraz przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania modelu Rosina-Rammlera-Sperlinga-Bennetta do predykcji oddzielenia ilości materiału po cięciu i zmieleniu spełniającego wymagania wymiarów cząstek do produkcji peletów lub brykietów. Zachowanie się rankingów wartości średnich wymiarów cząstek pociętego i zmielonego materiału potwierdziło dotychczasowe wnioski cząstkowe iż różnice w rozkładach dla roślin wynikają z właściwości ich biomasy. Wykazano praktyczną możliwość wykorzystania modelu RRSB do wyznaczenia ilości oddzielonego materiału spełniającego wymagania wymiarowe przy produkcji paliw formowanych.

Before going of the machine into exploitation, the measurements of the new tines welded to the dr... more Before going of the machine into exploitation, the measurements of the new tines welded to the drum rakes were performed. After collecting rocks from the surfaces of 102 ha and 222 ha, the measurements of the worn tines welded to the drum rakes were performed. Differences in dimensions of the individual tines after wear in two phases were determined. Volumetric and mass wear of the tines were specified. The percentage loss of tine mass due to abrasion was calculated. Mass index of tines wear, expressed in mg•ha-1 , taking into account the treated surface, was calculated. Mass index of tine wear, expressed in mg•km-1 in terms of the path travelled by tine, was calculated. The degree wear of tines with a thickness of 20 mm depended on the type of steel of which the tines were made. In the long term exploitation, tines made of Hardox steel were characterized by the highest average consumption of 158 mg•km-1 , and differences in the consumption of tines made of Hadfield and boron steel were insignificant and amounted to 131 mg•km-1 and 130 mg•km-1 , respectively. The tines of smaller cross-section (thickness of 16 mm), made of the same boron steel were worn more intensively than the tines of greater thickness (20 mm), and the average values of the indicators were amounted to 152 mg•km-1 and 130 mg•km-1 , respectively. Tines made of Hardox steel were characterized by the biggest non-uniformity of wear. The standard deviations from the mean value of tine wear after the second stage did not exceed 18.4 % for Hardox steel, 16.0 % for Hadfield steel and 13.0 % for boron steel.

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology: B, 2013

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Frosts cause serious damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Poland, temperature decreases, and t... more Frosts cause serious damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Poland, temperature decreases, and the occurrence of inflow (advective) frosts most often fall during the flowering period, i.e., in a phase extremely important for the development of the plant. For orchards, this causes the inflorescences of early flowering trees (cherries, plums and certain varieties of apple and pear trees) to freeze. A modern idea for reducing frost losses in orchards is to heat the air with mobile heaters. Protection by these machines consists of passing using an agricultural tractor in rows of trees or shrubs and heating and mixing the air. The problem that farmers may encounter during frosts is the awareness of when exactly such a weather condition occurs in their orchard. Weather forecasts are not detailed and usually apply to the entire region. Dangerous temperature declines below the critical minimum can occur locally and are also conditioned by geographical location and terrain diversity. The ai...

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Impact of technical parameters on the horizontal resistance component when slicing soil with a du... more Impact of technical parameters on the horizontal resistance component when slicing soil with a duckfoot share. The aim of the paper was studying the resistance during splicing of soil, represented by the horizontal resistance component (Fx), depending on changes of speed and working depth of a work piece in form of a duckfoot share. The study was realized under laboratory conditions in a soil channel which ensured repeatability of results. The tested work piece was a duckfoot share with width of 135 mm installed on a spring tine type VCO with stiffness of 8.3 kN·m–1. The tests utilized two working depths for the tool: 0.03 and 0.05 m and two working speeds: 0.84 and 1.67 m·s–1. Changes in the horizontal resistance component (Fx) depended on the speed and the working depth. At constant parameters of the soil and the tool, change in working depth from 0.03 to 0.05 m resulted in increase of resistance by 42.6% for the working speed v1 = 0.84 m·s–1 and 58.8% for v2 = 1.67 m·s–1.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2017

Biosystems Engineering, 2012

Air and chopped material movement in the discharge spout of a forage harvester was characterised,... more Air and chopped material movement in the discharge spout of a forage harvester was characterised, and velocity determined, with changes in the shape, the cutterhead rotational speed, the number of knives and the quantity of maize plant material fed into the flywheel cutting unit. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of the airflow in a spout configuration was carried out using Fluent v. 6.2 software. A mathematical model for particle movement in the discharge spout of forage harvester with low throughput 3.75 kg s À1 or 13.5 t h À1 was developed. An ultra-fast digital camera recorded the particle movement at the rate of 2000 frames per second was used to provide data for validation of the mathematical model. The experiments conducted showed that the particle movement in the discharge spout has two phases. In the first phase the particles move in a dispersed manner but in the second stage, after collision with the upper spout wall, the chopped material stream became dense. An abrupt change in particle velocity occurred at the boundary of the stages; velocity then decreased more slowly in further sections of the spout.

On the basis of developed own mathematical model the damages, losses and'm purities of harve... more On the basis of developed own mathematical model the damages, losses and'm purities of harvested potato tubers were estimated. The model enables also to provide the effective performance, power requirement and fuel consumption of a potato harvester for different ...

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2014

Effect of maize variety and harvesting conditions on the maize chopping process, compacting susce... more Effect of maize variety and harvesting conditions on the maize chopping process, compacting susceptibility and quality of silage designed for biogas production. The maize of varieties Glejt, Kalifornia, Klarika t83 and their mixture was harvested with self-propelled forage harvester New Holland FR9050, while the maize of variety Opoka with Claas Jaguar 840. With the use of a sieve separator there were determined the chaff geometrical mean values, while cumulative distributions were approximated with Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennett model. The chaff was compacted with hydraulic press at pressure 70 kPa, creating mini-silos with silage that was assessed with the rank method, with consideration to characteristic quality parameters. It was found that material moisture content decreased during daytime signi cantly enough, that during harvesting of maize for silage it resulted in an increase in mean value of particle dimensions. Harvesting of maize for silage at lower theoretical cutting le...

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2014

Size of plant material particles designed for biogas production. This study aimed at development ... more Size of plant material particles designed for biogas production. This study aimed at development of chopped material characteristics of energy plants harvested at two phases of growth for the production of biogas. The plant material harvested in late June (I term) was characterized by a higher moisture content (76.3%) than that harvested in late July (big bluestem, switchgrass) or in early October (other plants, 62.7%); however, no relationship was found with the particle size, because for Jerusalem artichokes Helianthus tuberosus, giant knotweed Polygonum sachalinense, Virginia mallow Sida hermaphrodita, big bluestem Andropogon gerardii and switchgrass Panicum virgatum it decreased in the range from 10.40–5.39 mm to 6.86–4.71 mm, and for Miscanthus ×giganteus and Spartina pectinata it increased from 6.24 and 5.08 mm to 6.36 and 5.54 mm, respectively. Cumulative distributions were approximated by a RRSB model and veried by statistical tests.

Streszczenie. Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów wymiarów cząstek rozdrobnionych siedmiu gatun... more Streszczenie. Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów wymiarów cząstek rozdrobnionych siedmiu gatunków roślin energetycznych w toporowym zespole tnącym sieczkarni polowej i rozdrabniaczu bijakowym oraz przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania modelu Rosina-Rammlera-Sperlinga-Bennetta do predykcji oddzielenia ilości materiału po cięciu i zmieleniu spełniającego wymagania wymiarów cząstek do produkcji peletów lub brykietów. Zachowanie się rankingów wartości średnich wymiarów cząstek pociętego i zmielonego materiału potwierdziło dotychczasowe wnioski cząstkowe iż różnice w rozkładach dla roślin wynikają z właściwości ich biomasy. Wykazano praktyczną możliwość wykorzystania modelu RRSB do wyznaczenia ilości oddzielonego materiału spełniającego wymagania wymiarowe przy produkcji paliw formowanych.

Before going of the machine into exploitation, the measurements of the new tines welded to the dr... more Before going of the machine into exploitation, the measurements of the new tines welded to the drum rakes were performed. After collecting rocks from the surfaces of 102 ha and 222 ha, the measurements of the worn tines welded to the drum rakes were performed. Differences in dimensions of the individual tines after wear in two phases were determined. Volumetric and mass wear of the tines were specified. The percentage loss of tine mass due to abrasion was calculated. Mass index of tines wear, expressed in mg•ha-1 , taking into account the treated surface, was calculated. Mass index of tine wear, expressed in mg•km-1 in terms of the path travelled by tine, was calculated. The degree wear of tines with a thickness of 20 mm depended on the type of steel of which the tines were made. In the long term exploitation, tines made of Hardox steel were characterized by the highest average consumption of 158 mg•km-1 , and differences in the consumption of tines made of Hadfield and boron steel were insignificant and amounted to 131 mg•km-1 and 130 mg•km-1 , respectively. The tines of smaller cross-section (thickness of 16 mm), made of the same boron steel were worn more intensively than the tines of greater thickness (20 mm), and the average values of the indicators were amounted to 152 mg•km-1 and 130 mg•km-1 , respectively. Tines made of Hardox steel were characterized by the biggest non-uniformity of wear. The standard deviations from the mean value of tine wear after the second stage did not exceed 18.4 % for Hardox steel, 16.0 % for Hadfield steel and 13.0 % for boron steel.

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology: B, 2013

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Frosts cause serious damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Poland, temperature decreases, and t... more Frosts cause serious damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Poland, temperature decreases, and the occurrence of inflow (advective) frosts most often fall during the flowering period, i.e., in a phase extremely important for the development of the plant. For orchards, this causes the inflorescences of early flowering trees (cherries, plums and certain varieties of apple and pear trees) to freeze. A modern idea for reducing frost losses in orchards is to heat the air with mobile heaters. Protection by these machines consists of passing using an agricultural tractor in rows of trees or shrubs and heating and mixing the air. The problem that farmers may encounter during frosts is the awareness of when exactly such a weather condition occurs in their orchard. Weather forecasts are not detailed and usually apply to the entire region. Dangerous temperature declines below the critical minimum can occur locally and are also conditioned by geographical location and terrain diversity. The ai...

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Impact of technical parameters on the horizontal resistance component when slicing soil with a du... more Impact of technical parameters on the horizontal resistance component when slicing soil with a duckfoot share. The aim of the paper was studying the resistance during splicing of soil, represented by the horizontal resistance component (Fx), depending on changes of speed and working depth of a work piece in form of a duckfoot share. The study was realized under laboratory conditions in a soil channel which ensured repeatability of results. The tested work piece was a duckfoot share with width of 135 mm installed on a spring tine type VCO with stiffness of 8.3 kN·m–1. The tests utilized two working depths for the tool: 0.03 and 0.05 m and two working speeds: 0.84 and 1.67 m·s–1. Changes in the horizontal resistance component (Fx) depended on the speed and the working depth. At constant parameters of the soil and the tool, change in working depth from 0.03 to 0.05 m resulted in increase of resistance by 42.6% for the working speed v1 = 0.84 m·s–1 and 58.8% for v2 = 1.67 m·s–1.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2017

Biosystems Engineering, 2012

Air and chopped material movement in the discharge spout of a forage harvester was characterised,... more Air and chopped material movement in the discharge spout of a forage harvester was characterised, and velocity determined, with changes in the shape, the cutterhead rotational speed, the number of knives and the quantity of maize plant material fed into the flywheel cutting unit. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of the airflow in a spout configuration was carried out using Fluent v. 6.2 software. A mathematical model for particle movement in the discharge spout of forage harvester with low throughput 3.75 kg s À1 or 13.5 t h À1 was developed. An ultra-fast digital camera recorded the particle movement at the rate of 2000 frames per second was used to provide data for validation of the mathematical model. The experiments conducted showed that the particle movement in the discharge spout has two phases. In the first phase the particles move in a dispersed manner but in the second stage, after collision with the upper spout wall, the chopped material stream became dense. An abrupt change in particle velocity occurred at the boundary of the stages; velocity then decreased more slowly in further sections of the spout.

On the basis of developed own mathematical model the damages, losses and'm purities of harve... more On the basis of developed own mathematical model the damages, losses and'm purities of harvested potato tubers were estimated. The model enables also to provide the effective performance, power requirement and fuel consumption of a potato harvester for different ...

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Agriculture, 2014

Effect of maize variety and harvesting conditions on the maize chopping process, compacting susce... more Effect of maize variety and harvesting conditions on the maize chopping process, compacting susceptibility and quality of silage designed for biogas production. The maize of varieties Glejt, Kalifornia, Klarika t83 and their mixture was harvested with self-propelled forage harvester New Holland FR9050, while the maize of variety Opoka with Claas Jaguar 840. With the use of a sieve separator there were determined the chaff geometrical mean values, while cumulative distributions were approximated with Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennett model. The chaff was compacted with hydraulic press at pressure 70 kPa, creating mini-silos with silage that was assessed with the rank method, with consideration to characteristic quality parameters. It was found that material moisture content decreased during daytime signi cantly enough, that during harvesting of maize for silage it resulted in an increase in mean value of particle dimensions. Harvesting of maize for silage at lower theoretical cutting le...