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Papers by Michael Tomori

IMC journal of medical science, Aug 27, 2022

Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially ... more Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially in infants and young children worldwide. This study evaluated the pattern of rotavirus infection in children under five years presenting with acute diarrhea in

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2022

Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable di... more Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable diseases have been significantly interrupted. This study assessed the influence of COVID-19 knowledge on using healthcare services during the lockdown in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Odo Ota, local government areas, Ogun State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire between January and February 2021. A multistage probability sampling technique was employed to collect data from 383 adults aged 20-60 years and the data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Results: Although all respondents (100.0%) have heard of COVID-19, only 52.2% believed it was real. The respondents displayed poor overall knowledge of COVID-19 as only 32.1% were knowledgeable about it. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 44.9% said they visited hospitals for treatment compared to 16.2% during the lockdown. The reasons for not using hospitals include the fear of taking a COVID-19 patient (38.4%) and buying medicines from pharmacies (33.9%). Those who used herbs constituted 20.6%, 15.4% could not afford service charges, 12.0% would pray or use spiritual materials instead, and 7.3% were afraid of being infected with the disease. Only 17.9% of those knowledgeable about COVID-19 would go to the hospital during the lockdown. Conclusion: Healthcare workers and the masses should be adequately trained on healthcare management during pandemics to avoid misconceptions about COVID-19. This will help improve access to healthcare services and promote wellbeing among the low-resource setting populations.

World Journal of Public Health

World Journal of Public Health

World Journal of Public Health

International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science

Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 20... more Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 2002 with the goals of providing effective PMTCT services for women in the reproductive age group in selected health facilities while providing useful information for policy formulation and decision on intervention for comprehensive PMTCT in Nigeria. However, most of the health workers documenting the PMTCT programmes in the health facility lack the required skills and capacity in offering PMTCT services and effecting efficient documentation of programme activities. Information on the knowledge and practice of PMTCT documentation among health workers in Oyo State was obtained through administration of close-ended questionnaires to the respondents in 113 health facilities. The study concluded that most of the health workers have good knowledge of PMTCT documentation with those working in the public facility having better understanding than those in the private facility. In addition, most of the respondents lack proper understanding of PMTCT HIV testing algorithms. However, private facility will benefit tremendously from further training on documentation and serial HIV testing.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine

Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are... more Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are readily reversible with a return to fertility within days of removal. NDHS, (2019) recorded that the unmet need for family planning was higher among sexually active unmarried women (48%) than among currently married women (19%). The contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria was 16.6% as against 27% national target and implants accounts for 3.4%. The aim of the study is to investigate into the knowledge, attitude and practice of women of childbearing age towards the acceptance of contraceptive implants in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State. A descriptive study was conducted on women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in Akungba-Akoko. Simple random technique was used in selecting the 423 respondents. The consent of the respondents were sought before administering the questionnaires. The data was analysed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.1.0. The study showed that 40.67% and 55.32% had seconda...

MGM Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Enrollees’ knowledge, behavior, and perception of health insurance substantially infl... more Background: Enrollees’ knowledge, behavior, and perception of health insurance substantially influence a decision about the uptake of sustainability of the program. This study assessed enrollees’ knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers to the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) uptake in Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive survey conducted among hospital clients enrolled in the formal sector program of the health insurance scheme in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect respondents’ demographic information and data related to the knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers to the uptake of NHIS in Nigeria. IBM-SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The study comprised 53.2% males, and 46.8% were females. The majority (82.9%) of the enrollees were aware of the objectives of the NHIS, but only 33.4% were aware of their benefits as enrollees and only 56.0% were satisfied with NHIS services. Factors that significantly influenced enrollees’ satisfaction include sex, age, education level, income, and knowledge of enrollees’ entitlements (P < 0.05), but the family size and knowledge of the objectives of the NHIS were not significantly associated with the level of satisfaction (P > 0.05). The most common barriers to the uptake of the NHIS include cultural and religious norms (67.4%) and poor social infrastructures (60.6%). Conclusion: This study revealed that the enrollees had poor knowledge of their entitlements for enrolling in the NHIS and a low level of satisfaction. There is a need for more awareness interventions across Nigeria to sensitize citizens of the scheme’s importance, objectives, and benefits.

World Journal of AIDS, 2022

Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. ... more Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integrating the Recent Infection Testing Algorithm in HIV surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria. Method: Data from the Nigeria Medical Records System (NMRS)/National Data Repository (NDR) and Index Testing (IT) Services data capturing tools were abstracted for a retrospective cross-sectional study of 719 newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases who were screened for HIV incident infection using Asante rapid recency test kits between August 2020 and June 2022 at 5 selected recency testing health facilities. The venous blood (10 ml) of all the rapid Asante tested recent patients were collected into an EDTA tube and processed for viral load testing. The plasma level of HIV-1 RNA was quantified using the CAP/CTM and cobas 4800 platform at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital PCR Laboratory Ife. Chi-square was used to characterize the recency status of the patients. A measure of the association was done using Chi-square, while the p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of the participants was 39 years. The result from the study showed that of the total number of 719 new cases of diagnosed HIV-positive, 626 of them were screened for rapid Test for Recency infection (RTRI) (87%). Overall, we found that 1.8% (11/626) of clients were classified as recent. The investigation also showed that from the index cases of the 11 confirmed recent infections, a total number of 125 additional positive cases were found. Conclusion: This result indicated a rise in the number of cases discovered in the State. Therefore, incorporating recency testing within regular HIV testing programs becomes essential in order to prioritize clients for index testing and provide useful information on transmission clusters.

Keywords

Impacts, Recent Testing, HIV Surveillance

Journal of Community Health, 2012

Rationale and Aims: Antibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; howe... more Rationale and Aims: Antibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; however, their vast use has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causing mortality, morbidity, and financial burden worldwide. Considering the limited introduction of newer antimicrobials to overcome resistance patterns, sufficient knowledge of their use can help manage this issue. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) with the mainstay of education can be a good resolution. The aim of this study was to seek aspects in which knowledge regarding antibiotics is lacking at our institutions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study performed in Shiraz, South of Iran, was designed as a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study. A selfadministered questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was designed and handed out to health care workers including infectious disease practitioners, surgeons, internal medicine specialists and residents, general practitioners, medical students, and microbiology lab technicians and PhD graduates. Difference in response to questions was evaluated between the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups. Results: Completed questionnaires were collected (n = 126). According to the results, most participants (88.1%) agreed on establishment of local guidelines. Majority (94.4%) also believed that education regarding antibiotics can help reduce AMR. Good patient care was not believed to be impaired by limiting use of antibiotics (72.2%). A significant difference in the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups' practice score was observed. Conclusion: In our study, knowledge deficit was observed in some aspects of AMR. We can conclude that more practice and education are needed in ASP for the better performance in reducing resistant patterns.

European Journal of Preventive Medicine

Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers&#39; decisions to initiate and continue brea... more Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers&#39; decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding as the father&#39;s infant feeding preferences may affect her intentions to breastfeed. This inspiration is a product of the perceptions of their roles as members of the breastfeeding family. Despite this, available breastfeeding promotion interventions in South Sudan, such as mother-to-mother support groups, focus on the mother. Equally, available literature on breastfeeding addresses general topics with limited exploration of male partner involvement. This study sought to understand male partner breastfeeding attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and opinions as drivers to actions, community views on male involvement, breastfeeding in public, and barriers to male participation in the breastfeeding process using a quantitative-qualitative methodology. Two hundred seventy-five fathers of children under two years responded to 9 close-ended questions exploring their attitudes towards breastfeeding, and 63 community leaders, women groups, religious leaders, and individuals of interest participated in 15 Key informant interviews and five focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 and thematically to generate frequency tables, median (Mdn), and interquartile range (IQR), and recurring patterns. 200 (73%) of fathers were knowledgeable of the benefits of breastfeeding, and 224 (82%) did not believe breastfeeding negatively affects marriage. 217 (79%) disagreed that women lose their attractiveness when breastfeeding. 247 (90%) supported breastfeeding in public, and 224 (82%) agreed to share breastfeeding responsibilities. Patriarchal issues, gender role segregation, Sexism, and false beliefs; work-related, social, economic, and personal factors emerged as key barriers to male involvement in breastfeeding. While this study essentially presented positive attitudes of male partners towards breastfeeding, the cultural barriers that emerged are significant. Therefore, there is a need to design context-specific models to dispel misinformation about male participation in breastfeeding and expand on standard supportive practices.

Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care

Optimal breastfeeding, which involves initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, giving c... more Optimal breastfeeding, which involves initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, giving colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and introducing complementary food at six months, prevents under-five deaths in developing countries, saving millions of lives annually. The maximum effect of prolactin and oxytocin on milk production is dependent on insulin, insulin-like growth factors, cortisol, and the intake of nutrients and fluids. Stress affects these factors and processes, reducing the quantity and quality of milk for the growth and health of the baby. The supportive or non-supportive role of male partners affects the mothers&#39; physical and emotional states. The researchers administered a structured questionnaire of 13 close-ended questions through scheduled interviews with 275 male parents of children younger than two years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 analyzed the data to generate frequencies, median, and interquartile range as measures of dispersion and central tendency, respectively. Spearman&#39;s rank correlation test did the calculations of correlations. Fathers helped with house works, responding to the baby&#39;s cries and bathing the baby (86%); taking care of other children or other house responsibilities (85%); taking care of the baby while the mother sleeps for a bit of time (85%) and smiling, holding and watching the mother as she breastfeeds (91%). Roles were correlated with education level (r=.308, p=0.000&lt;0.05) and employment (r=-.155, p=.007&lt;0.05) but not with hours of work (r=0.049, p=0.448&gt;0.05).

World Journal of Public Health

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2022

Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable di... more Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable diseases have been significantly interrupted. This study assessed the influence of COVID-19 knowledge on using healthcare services during the lockdown in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Odo Ota, local government areas, Ogun State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire between January and February 2021. A multistage probability sampling technique was employed to collect data from 383 adults aged 20 – 60 years and the data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Results: Although all respondents (100.0%) have heard of COVID-19, only 52.2% believed it was real. The respondents displayed poor overall knowledge of COVID-19 as only 32.1% were knowledgeable about it. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 44.9% said they visited hospitals for treatment compared to 16.2% during the lockdown. The reasons for not using hospitals include the fear of ...

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and medicine, Jan 30, 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic requiring unprecedented measures adopted to ... more Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic requiring unprecedented measures adopted to control its rapid spread. The knowledge, attitudes and perception (KAP) of the public play a major role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. In this study, FUTA students' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak was investigated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in FUTA in October 2021 via a self-designed questionnaire comprising 25 questions assessing KAP. Assessments on students' attitudes and perception towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence and believe in winning the war against COVID-19 such as wearing face masks and use of hands sanitizer. Among the questionnaire completed (n=402), 58.0% were men while 42.0% were female, 17.7% were from school of Agriculture, and 20.1% were in 300 level. The overall adequate knowledge on the existence of the disease was 88.6%. The majority of the respondents displayed good attitude towards the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in FUTA as 79.6% of the students were in agreement with the rules of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC). In addition, the study showed that age factors cannot affect the perception of students to COVID-19 as the P-value (0.733) is greater than 0.05.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, 2021

Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are... more Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are readily reversible with a return to fertility within days of removal. NDHS, (2019) recorded that the unmet need for family planning was higher among sexually active unmarried women (48%) than among currently married women (19%). The contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria was 16.6% as against 27% national target and implants accounts for 3.4%. The aim of the study is to investigate into the knowledge, attitude and practice of women of childbearing age towards the acceptance of contraceptive implants in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State. A descriptive study was conducted on women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in Akungba-Akoko. Simple random technique was used in selecting the 423 respondents. The consent of the respondents were sought before administering the questionnaires. The data was analysed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.1.0. The study showed that 40.67% and 55.32% had seconda...

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Dec 29, 2017

Integration of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) services i... more Integration of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) services is very poor in Nigeria, but it is very important because of its benefit to both the clients and the health care providers. However, successful implementation of integration of SRH and HIV services depends a great deal on adequate awareness, knowledge, positive attitude and best practices of all personnel involved in the system. Respondents from 65 health facilities were selected from 20 Local Government Areas in the three Senatorial Districts in the state. Their knowledge, attitude and practice towards the integration of SRH and HIV services programme were assessed. Findings showed that health care providers are adequately aware and also have average knowledge of the integration system. But there is capacity gap identified among the respondents in the area of training and documenting program activities. Also they generally exhibit positive attitude towards the programme but perform most of their service delivery with poor motivation under fairly comfortable working environment. It is recommended amongst others for the system to be very effective, there should be training and retraining programs for the personnel in the health facilities. This will hopefully enhance their skills thus enabling them perform all core integrated services successfully to clients.

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 20... more Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 2002 with the goals of providing effective PMTCT services for women in the reproductive age group in selected health facilities while providing useful information for policy formulation and decision on intervention for comprehensive PMTCT in Nigeria. However, most of the health workers documenting the PMTCT programmes in the health facility lack the required skills and capacity in offering PMTCT services and effecting efficient documentation of programme activities. Information on the knowledge and practice of PMTCT documentation among health workers in Oyo State was obtained through administration of close-ended questionnaires to the respondents in 113 health facilities. The study concluded that most of the health workers have good knowledge of PMTCT documentation with those working in the public facility having better understanding than those in the private facility. In addition, most of the respondents lack proper understanding of PMTCT HIV testing algorithms. However, private facility will benefit tremendously from further training on documentation and serial HIV testing.

BMC Health Services Research, 2013

Background: There is broad consensus on the value of integration of HIV services and reproductive... more Background: There is broad consensus on the value of integration of HIV services and reproductive health services in regions of the world with generalised HIV/AIDS epidemics and high reproductive morbidity. Integration is thought to increase access to and uptake of health services; and improves their efficiency and cost-effectiveness through better use of available resources. However, there is still very limited empirical literature on health service providers and how they experience and operationalize integration. This qualitative study was conducted among frontline health workers to explore provider experiences with integration in order to ascertain their significance to the performance of integrated health facilities. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 frontline clinical officers, registered nurses, and enrolled nurses in Kitui district (Eastern province) and Thika and Nyeri districts (Central province) in Kenya. The study was conducted in health facilities providing integrated HIV and reproductive health services (post-natal care and family planning). All interviews were conducted in English, transcribed and analysed using Nvivo 8 qualitative data analysis software. Results: Providers reported delivering services in provider-level and unit-level integration, as well as a combination of both. Provider experiences of actual integration were mixed. At personal level, providers valued skills enhancement, more variety and challenge in their work, better job satisfaction through increased client-satisfaction. However, they also felt that their salaries were poor, they faced increased occupational stress from: increased workload, treating very sick/poor clients, and less quality time with clients. At operational level, providers reported increased service uptake, increased willingness among clients to take an HIV test, and reduced loss of clients. But the majority also reported infrastructural and logistic deficiencies (insufficient physical room space, equipment, drugs and other medical supplies), as well as increased workload, waiting times, contact session times and low staffing levels.

IMC journal of medical science, Aug 27, 2022

Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially ... more Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially in infants and young children worldwide. This study evaluated the pattern of rotavirus infection in children under five years presenting with acute diarrhea in

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2022

Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable di... more Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable diseases have been significantly interrupted. This study assessed the influence of COVID-19 knowledge on using healthcare services during the lockdown in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Odo Ota, local government areas, Ogun State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire between January and February 2021. A multistage probability sampling technique was employed to collect data from 383 adults aged 20-60 years and the data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Results: Although all respondents (100.0%) have heard of COVID-19, only 52.2% believed it was real. The respondents displayed poor overall knowledge of COVID-19 as only 32.1% were knowledgeable about it. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 44.9% said they visited hospitals for treatment compared to 16.2% during the lockdown. The reasons for not using hospitals include the fear of taking a COVID-19 patient (38.4%) and buying medicines from pharmacies (33.9%). Those who used herbs constituted 20.6%, 15.4% could not afford service charges, 12.0% would pray or use spiritual materials instead, and 7.3% were afraid of being infected with the disease. Only 17.9% of those knowledgeable about COVID-19 would go to the hospital during the lockdown. Conclusion: Healthcare workers and the masses should be adequately trained on healthcare management during pandemics to avoid misconceptions about COVID-19. This will help improve access to healthcare services and promote wellbeing among the low-resource setting populations.

World Journal of Public Health

World Journal of Public Health

World Journal of Public Health

International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science

Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 20... more Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 2002 with the goals of providing effective PMTCT services for women in the reproductive age group in selected health facilities while providing useful information for policy formulation and decision on intervention for comprehensive PMTCT in Nigeria. However, most of the health workers documenting the PMTCT programmes in the health facility lack the required skills and capacity in offering PMTCT services and effecting efficient documentation of programme activities. Information on the knowledge and practice of PMTCT documentation among health workers in Oyo State was obtained through administration of close-ended questionnaires to the respondents in 113 health facilities. The study concluded that most of the health workers have good knowledge of PMTCT documentation with those working in the public facility having better understanding than those in the private facility. In addition, most of the respondents lack proper understanding of PMTCT HIV testing algorithms. However, private facility will benefit tremendously from further training on documentation and serial HIV testing.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine

Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are... more Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are readily reversible with a return to fertility within days of removal. NDHS, (2019) recorded that the unmet need for family planning was higher among sexually active unmarried women (48%) than among currently married women (19%). The contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria was 16.6% as against 27% national target and implants accounts for 3.4%. The aim of the study is to investigate into the knowledge, attitude and practice of women of childbearing age towards the acceptance of contraceptive implants in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State. A descriptive study was conducted on women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in Akungba-Akoko. Simple random technique was used in selecting the 423 respondents. The consent of the respondents were sought before administering the questionnaires. The data was analysed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.1.0. The study showed that 40.67% and 55.32% had seconda...

MGM Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Enrollees’ knowledge, behavior, and perception of health insurance substantially infl... more Background: Enrollees’ knowledge, behavior, and perception of health insurance substantially influence a decision about the uptake of sustainability of the program. This study assessed enrollees’ knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers to the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) uptake in Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive survey conducted among hospital clients enrolled in the formal sector program of the health insurance scheme in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect respondents’ demographic information and data related to the knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers to the uptake of NHIS in Nigeria. IBM-SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The study comprised 53.2% males, and 46.8% were females. The majority (82.9%) of the enrollees were aware of the objectives of the NHIS, but only 33.4% were aware of their benefits as enrollees and only 56.0% were satisfied with NHIS services. Factors that significantly influenced enrollees’ satisfaction include sex, age, education level, income, and knowledge of enrollees’ entitlements (P < 0.05), but the family size and knowledge of the objectives of the NHIS were not significantly associated with the level of satisfaction (P > 0.05). The most common barriers to the uptake of the NHIS include cultural and religious norms (67.4%) and poor social infrastructures (60.6%). Conclusion: This study revealed that the enrollees had poor knowledge of their entitlements for enrolling in the NHIS and a low level of satisfaction. There is a need for more awareness interventions across Nigeria to sensitize citizens of the scheme’s importance, objectives, and benefits.

World Journal of AIDS, 2022

Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. ... more Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integrating the Recent Infection Testing Algorithm in HIV surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria. Method: Data from the Nigeria Medical Records System (NMRS)/National Data Repository (NDR) and Index Testing (IT) Services data capturing tools were abstracted for a retrospective cross-sectional study of 719 newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases who were screened for HIV incident infection using Asante rapid recency test kits between August 2020 and June 2022 at 5 selected recency testing health facilities. The venous blood (10 ml) of all the rapid Asante tested recent patients were collected into an EDTA tube and processed for viral load testing. The plasma level of HIV-1 RNA was quantified using the CAP/CTM and cobas 4800 platform at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital PCR Laboratory Ife. Chi-square was used to characterize the recency status of the patients. A measure of the association was done using Chi-square, while the p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of the participants was 39 years. The result from the study showed that of the total number of 719 new cases of diagnosed HIV-positive, 626 of them were screened for rapid Test for Recency infection (RTRI) (87%). Overall, we found that 1.8% (11/626) of clients were classified as recent. The investigation also showed that from the index cases of the 11 confirmed recent infections, a total number of 125 additional positive cases were found. Conclusion: This result indicated a rise in the number of cases discovered in the State. Therefore, incorporating recency testing within regular HIV testing programs becomes essential in order to prioritize clients for index testing and provide useful information on transmission clusters.

Keywords

Impacts, Recent Testing, HIV Surveillance

Journal of Community Health, 2012

Rationale and Aims: Antibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; howe... more Rationale and Aims: Antibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; however, their vast use has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causing mortality, morbidity, and financial burden worldwide. Considering the limited introduction of newer antimicrobials to overcome resistance patterns, sufficient knowledge of their use can help manage this issue. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) with the mainstay of education can be a good resolution. The aim of this study was to seek aspects in which knowledge regarding antibiotics is lacking at our institutions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study performed in Shiraz, South of Iran, was designed as a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study. A selfadministered questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was designed and handed out to health care workers including infectious disease practitioners, surgeons, internal medicine specialists and residents, general practitioners, medical students, and microbiology lab technicians and PhD graduates. Difference in response to questions was evaluated between the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups. Results: Completed questionnaires were collected (n = 126). According to the results, most participants (88.1%) agreed on establishment of local guidelines. Majority (94.4%) also believed that education regarding antibiotics can help reduce AMR. Good patient care was not believed to be impaired by limiting use of antibiotics (72.2%). A significant difference in the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups' practice score was observed. Conclusion: In our study, knowledge deficit was observed in some aspects of AMR. We can conclude that more practice and education are needed in ASP for the better performance in reducing resistant patterns.

European Journal of Preventive Medicine

Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers&#39; decisions to initiate and continue brea... more Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers&#39; decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding as the father&#39;s infant feeding preferences may affect her intentions to breastfeed. This inspiration is a product of the perceptions of their roles as members of the breastfeeding family. Despite this, available breastfeeding promotion interventions in South Sudan, such as mother-to-mother support groups, focus on the mother. Equally, available literature on breastfeeding addresses general topics with limited exploration of male partner involvement. This study sought to understand male partner breastfeeding attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and opinions as drivers to actions, community views on male involvement, breastfeeding in public, and barriers to male participation in the breastfeeding process using a quantitative-qualitative methodology. Two hundred seventy-five fathers of children under two years responded to 9 close-ended questions exploring their attitudes towards breastfeeding, and 63 community leaders, women groups, religious leaders, and individuals of interest participated in 15 Key informant interviews and five focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 and thematically to generate frequency tables, median (Mdn), and interquartile range (IQR), and recurring patterns. 200 (73%) of fathers were knowledgeable of the benefits of breastfeeding, and 224 (82%) did not believe breastfeeding negatively affects marriage. 217 (79%) disagreed that women lose their attractiveness when breastfeeding. 247 (90%) supported breastfeeding in public, and 224 (82%) agreed to share breastfeeding responsibilities. Patriarchal issues, gender role segregation, Sexism, and false beliefs; work-related, social, economic, and personal factors emerged as key barriers to male involvement in breastfeeding. While this study essentially presented positive attitudes of male partners towards breastfeeding, the cultural barriers that emerged are significant. Therefore, there is a need to design context-specific models to dispel misinformation about male participation in breastfeeding and expand on standard supportive practices.

Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care

Optimal breastfeeding, which involves initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, giving c... more Optimal breastfeeding, which involves initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, giving colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and introducing complementary food at six months, prevents under-five deaths in developing countries, saving millions of lives annually. The maximum effect of prolactin and oxytocin on milk production is dependent on insulin, insulin-like growth factors, cortisol, and the intake of nutrients and fluids. Stress affects these factors and processes, reducing the quantity and quality of milk for the growth and health of the baby. The supportive or non-supportive role of male partners affects the mothers&#39; physical and emotional states. The researchers administered a structured questionnaire of 13 close-ended questions through scheduled interviews with 275 male parents of children younger than two years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 analyzed the data to generate frequencies, median, and interquartile range as measures of dispersion and central tendency, respectively. Spearman&#39;s rank correlation test did the calculations of correlations. Fathers helped with house works, responding to the baby&#39;s cries and bathing the baby (86%); taking care of other children or other house responsibilities (85%); taking care of the baby while the mother sleeps for a bit of time (85%) and smiling, holding and watching the mother as she breastfeeds (91%). Roles were correlated with education level (r=.308, p=0.000&lt;0.05) and employment (r=-.155, p=.007&lt;0.05) but not with hours of work (r=0.049, p=0.448&gt;0.05).

World Journal of Public Health

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2022

Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable di... more Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable diseases have been significantly interrupted. This study assessed the influence of COVID-19 knowledge on using healthcare services during the lockdown in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Odo Ota, local government areas, Ogun State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire between January and February 2021. A multistage probability sampling technique was employed to collect data from 383 adults aged 20 – 60 years and the data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Results: Although all respondents (100.0%) have heard of COVID-19, only 52.2% believed it was real. The respondents displayed poor overall knowledge of COVID-19 as only 32.1% were knowledgeable about it. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 44.9% said they visited hospitals for treatment compared to 16.2% during the lockdown. The reasons for not using hospitals include the fear of ...

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and medicine, Jan 30, 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic requiring unprecedented measures adopted to ... more Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic requiring unprecedented measures adopted to control its rapid spread. The knowledge, attitudes and perception (KAP) of the public play a major role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. In this study, FUTA students' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak was investigated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in FUTA in October 2021 via a self-designed questionnaire comprising 25 questions assessing KAP. Assessments on students' attitudes and perception towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence and believe in winning the war against COVID-19 such as wearing face masks and use of hands sanitizer. Among the questionnaire completed (n=402), 58.0% were men while 42.0% were female, 17.7% were from school of Agriculture, and 20.1% were in 300 level. The overall adequate knowledge on the existence of the disease was 88.6%. The majority of the respondents displayed good attitude towards the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in FUTA as 79.6% of the students were in agreement with the rules of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC). In addition, the study showed that age factors cannot affect the perception of students to COVID-19 as the P-value (0.733) is greater than 0.05.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, 2021

Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are... more Contraceptive implants are progesterone-only contraception that is inserted subdermally. They are readily reversible with a return to fertility within days of removal. NDHS, (2019) recorded that the unmet need for family planning was higher among sexually active unmarried women (48%) than among currently married women (19%). The contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria was 16.6% as against 27% national target and implants accounts for 3.4%. The aim of the study is to investigate into the knowledge, attitude and practice of women of childbearing age towards the acceptance of contraceptive implants in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State. A descriptive study was conducted on women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in Akungba-Akoko. Simple random technique was used in selecting the 423 respondents. The consent of the respondents were sought before administering the questionnaires. The data was analysed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.1.0. The study showed that 40.67% and 55.32% had seconda...

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Dec 29, 2017

Integration of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) services i... more Integration of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) services is very poor in Nigeria, but it is very important because of its benefit to both the clients and the health care providers. However, successful implementation of integration of SRH and HIV services depends a great deal on adequate awareness, knowledge, positive attitude and best practices of all personnel involved in the system. Respondents from 65 health facilities were selected from 20 Local Government Areas in the three Senatorial Districts in the state. Their knowledge, attitude and practice towards the integration of SRH and HIV services programme were assessed. Findings showed that health care providers are adequately aware and also have average knowledge of the integration system. But there is capacity gap identified among the respondents in the area of training and documenting program activities. Also they generally exhibit positive attitude towards the programme but perform most of their service delivery with poor motivation under fairly comfortable working environment. It is recommended amongst others for the system to be very effective, there should be training and retraining programs for the personnel in the health facilities. This will hopefully enhance their skills thus enabling them perform all core integrated services successfully to clients.

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 20... more Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria started in July 2002 with the goals of providing effective PMTCT services for women in the reproductive age group in selected health facilities while providing useful information for policy formulation and decision on intervention for comprehensive PMTCT in Nigeria. However, most of the health workers documenting the PMTCT programmes in the health facility lack the required skills and capacity in offering PMTCT services and effecting efficient documentation of programme activities. Information on the knowledge and practice of PMTCT documentation among health workers in Oyo State was obtained through administration of close-ended questionnaires to the respondents in 113 health facilities. The study concluded that most of the health workers have good knowledge of PMTCT documentation with those working in the public facility having better understanding than those in the private facility. In addition, most of the respondents lack proper understanding of PMTCT HIV testing algorithms. However, private facility will benefit tremendously from further training on documentation and serial HIV testing.

BMC Health Services Research, 2013

Background: There is broad consensus on the value of integration of HIV services and reproductive... more Background: There is broad consensus on the value of integration of HIV services and reproductive health services in regions of the world with generalised HIV/AIDS epidemics and high reproductive morbidity. Integration is thought to increase access to and uptake of health services; and improves their efficiency and cost-effectiveness through better use of available resources. However, there is still very limited empirical literature on health service providers and how they experience and operationalize integration. This qualitative study was conducted among frontline health workers to explore provider experiences with integration in order to ascertain their significance to the performance of integrated health facilities. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 frontline clinical officers, registered nurses, and enrolled nurses in Kitui district (Eastern province) and Thika and Nyeri districts (Central province) in Kenya. The study was conducted in health facilities providing integrated HIV and reproductive health services (post-natal care and family planning). All interviews were conducted in English, transcribed and analysed using Nvivo 8 qualitative data analysis software. Results: Providers reported delivering services in provider-level and unit-level integration, as well as a combination of both. Provider experiences of actual integration were mixed. At personal level, providers valued skills enhancement, more variety and challenge in their work, better job satisfaction through increased client-satisfaction. However, they also felt that their salaries were poor, they faced increased occupational stress from: increased workload, treating very sick/poor clients, and less quality time with clients. At operational level, providers reported increased service uptake, increased willingness among clients to take an HIV test, and reduced loss of clients. But the majority also reported infrastructural and logistic deficiencies (insufficient physical room space, equipment, drugs and other medical supplies), as well as increased workload, waiting times, contact session times and low staffing levels.