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Papers by Mustafa Torusdağ

Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, Dec 30, 2020

Premium e-Journal of Social Science, 2021

In a world where globalization is accelerating, international competition is increasing, R&D, inn... more In a world where globalization is accelerating, international competition is increasing, R&D, innovation and technology are at the forefront, it is important to examine the relationship of countries' R&D expenditures with foreign trade and economic growth. Countries coming to the forefront in the global market is only possible with innovation and R&D. R&D is defined as a new service and product development process. Since there is a great variety of products and services, it is possible to make a difference and to reveal innovation with R&D. At this point, the existence of R&D activities is important. As a matter of fact, one of the indicators of the development level of countries is R&D expenditures. Technological advances achieved through R&D reduce production costs and save time. R&D expenditures provide countries and companies with advantages such as competition and productivity increase. However, it reduces the foreign dependency of countries technologically and enables fore...

Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío, 2021

Foreign direct investments (FDI), which are very important in the economic development of countri... more Foreign direct investments (FDI), which are very important in the economic development of countries, prefer regions with free trade. Since the share of international trade in the world economy is constantly increasing, trade openness and foreign direct investments have become more important for countries. However, the increase in trade and FDI entries can have negative effects on the environment. Although many different variables are included in the literature as determinants of carbon emission, foreign direct investments are mostly taken as an explanatory variable with the effect of the economic globalization process. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between FDI, trade openness and CO2 emission for the 1995-2019 period in 24 EU countries. The relationship between variables was estimated by applying panel AMG estimator and Emirmahmutoglu and Kose causality tests to series with cross-sectional dependency. Empirical results for the overall panel show that there is...

Although it is seen in the literature that defense expenditures are associated with various macro... more Although it is seen in the literature that defense expenditures are associated with various macroeconomic variables, it can be foreseen that there is no consensus on the relationship between defense expenditures and inflation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between defense spending and inflation in NATO countries for the period 1990-2018. For this purpose, horizontal cross-sectional dependence test was examined by the bootstrap panel causality analysis developed by Konya (2006) following the heterogeneity tests of Pesaran and Yamagata (2008). The analysis results indicate that there is a one-way causality relationship from inflation to defense spending in the United States, Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, England and Latvia.

In this study, for BRICS countries and Turkey defense spending economic development and income di... more In this study, for BRICS countries and Turkey defense spending economic development and income distribution relationship is examined for the period 1995-2015. High defense expenditures are on the agenda as an important research topic in the world and in our country. Therefore, the effects of defense expenditures on income distribution and economic development of countries can be determined by examining these three variables. For the BRICS countries and Turkey, to examining the impact of defense spending and income distribution to economic development too much work not found. Westerlund (2008) found that the cointegration relationship between the main variables and the negative components was not detected in the long term, whereas long-term relationship was found between the positive components. According to the results of the asymmetric panel causality analysis, only one-way causality from economic growth to defense expenditures was determined between economic growth and defense exp...

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

Bu makale, en az iki hakem tarafından incelenmiş ve intihal içermediği teyit edilmiştir. / This a... more Bu makale, en az iki hakem tarafından incelenmiş ve intihal içermediği teyit edilmiştir. / This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and confirmed to include no plagiarism.

Women’s Economic Empowerment in Turkey, 2019

In the economic literature, there are not many studies in the empirical literature on defense spe... more In the economic literature, there are not many studies in the empirical literature on defense spending, current account deficit and its effect on economic growth. In this study, to investigate the relationship between NATO countries for the 1990-2017 period. In the analyzes, Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) and Dumitreschu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality tests were used. As a result of the analysis, one unit increase in defense expenditures increased economic growth by 0.878 units, according to the first model in which GNP variable is taken as dependent variable for NATO countries. Therefore, it has been determined that there is a positive externality relationship between defense expenditures and economic growth. According to the second model, in which defense expenditures are taken as dependent variable, a positive relationship was determined between military expenditures and arms exports and imports. According to Dumitreschu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test, one-way causality relati...

From the 1950s and onwards, the relationship between democracy and economic development remains a... more From the 1950s and onwards, the relationship between democracy and economic development remains a matter of curiosity. In this study, the relationship between democracy and economic development as institutional determinants of military expenditures is investigated by Dumitreschu-Hurlin (2012) time-varying panel causality test for 34 OECD countries for the period of 1990-2017. As a result of the analysis, between 1995-2015 period there was a two-waycausal relationship between military expenditures and economic development, military expenditures and democracy, and a one-way causality running from development to democracy. In the period between 2002 and 2016, there was a one-way causal relationship from democracy to military spending and from democracy to development. In the period of 2003-2017, it was revealed that there was a one way causality from democracy to development and the compatibility perspective is valid.

Turizm Sektoru, dunya ekonomisi icerisinde giderek onem kazanan ve zaman icerisinde onemini kaybe... more Turizm Sektoru, dunya ekonomisi icerisinde giderek onem kazanan ve zaman icerisinde onemini kaybetmeyen sektorlerden biridir. 1950 yilinda sadece 2 milyar $ olan dunya turizm gelirleri 2014 yili itibariyle 1245 milyar $a kadar yukselmistir. Turizm sektorunun ulkeler icin onemi ise, ozellikle iktisadi kalkinmada ihtiyac duyduklari sermayenin saglanmasi, istihdam olanaklarinin artirilmasi ve dis ticaret aciklarinin giderilmesine yardimci olunmasi gibi yararlarindan kaynaklanmaktadir. Bu baglamda turizm gelirlerini artirmak isteyen ulkelerin goz onune almasi gereken en onemli araclardan biri reel doviz kurlaridir. Reel doviz kuru yukseldiginde turistik mal ve hizmetler nispeten ucuzlayacagindan, talep artisinin akabinde ulkenin turizm gelirlerine olumlu yansimasi beklenir. Aksi durumda ise ulkenin turizm gelirleri dusme egilimine girer. Dolayisiyla turizm gelirlerinin reel doviz kuru ile iliskisi arastirmacilarin ve politika yapicilarin ilgisini cekmektedir. Hazirlanan bu calismada Tur...

Journal of Life Economics

Due to rapid technological development and increase in economic activities, environmental problem... more Due to rapid technological development and increase in economic activities, environmental problems such as global warming and climate change, CO2 emission, environmental pollution are among significant global issues. In recent years, Eco-innovations, which are intended to benefit the environment and contribute to environmental sustainability, bring energy by saving technology, adding a new dimension to the concept of innovation as well as bringing its environmentalist face to the fore. In this study, the relationship between innovation, CO2 emissions and renewable energy for the 1990-2019 period for Turkey was examined and analyzed with Bayer-Hanck (2012) cointegration test together with Toda-Yamamoto (1995) and Hacker-Hatemi-J (2006) causality tests. According to Bayer-Hanck (2012) cointegration test, it was concluded that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. In line with the overlapping findings of the causality analyses of Toda Yamamoto (1995) and Hacker-Hatemi-J (2006...

Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi

The Journal of Social Sciences