MUHAMMAD BARKATULLAH AKBAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by MUHAMMAD BARKATULLAH AKBAR

Precise object position and orientation estimation using RF tags is an emerging application of RF... more Precise object position and orientation estimation using RF tags is an emerging application of RFID technology. In this work, we present a novel wireless two-dimensional position and orientation estimation and tracking technique that illustrates the concept of sensor fusion – using multiple, disparate sensor measurements to synthesize a single, superior estimation of position and orientation. The technique is implemented using 5.8 GHz RFID system that consists of three RFID readers and a customized motion capture tag equipped with 9- axis inertial and compass sensors. The microwave reader extracts 9- axis inertial and compass data: 3-axis accelerometry, 3-axis gyrometry, and 3-axis magnetometry from the backscattered packet. The HIMR algorithm then fuses inertial, compass data and the RF signature of the backscattered signal to produce a motion-capture grade estimate of position and orientation. A positional estimation accuracy of 1–2 cm was achieved in the narrowband experiments conducted using 5.8 GHz RFID system operating on multiple frequencies.

IEEE journal of radio frequency identification, Sep 1, 2019

Hybrid Inertial Microwave Reflectometry (HIMR) is one of the most promising technologies for achi... more Hybrid Inertial Microwave Reflectometry (HIMR) is one of the most promising technologies for achieving the elusive, ultimate goal of wireless localization, i.e. motion-capture grade position tracking at long-range distances. In this paper, we introduce and analyze Kalman filter-based real-time position estimators for HIMR systems. Results from measured data show that the new approach results in a 5 mm RMS tracking error at a range of several meters-a 25% improvement with enhanced robustness over existing position estimators. Moreover, this performance level is shown to be achievable using only RF signals, without inertial data, thereby potentially simplifying RFID-based motion capture system design in many cases. The technique is scalable to ranges of tens-and hundreds-of-meters.

Object localization is one of the most important applications of RFID technology. In this paper, ... more Object localization is one of the most important applications of RFID technology. In this paper, we demonstrate how fine-scale orientation can be estimated from a multi-antenna backscatter tag. Three basic orientation changes - tag roll, pitch and yaw - were considered, where roll and pitch maneuvers were successfully identified from the direction of phase rotation. Moreover, an inclination of 5° in roll and pitch maneuvers was successfully identified by measuring the phase difference with 15% and 8% error respectively. The analysis can be extended to any amount of inclination.

Journal of Signal and Information Processing, 2016

Accurately characterizing the wireless small-scale fading channel has been a challenging task in ... more Accurately characterizing the wireless small-scale fading channel has been a challenging task in the wireless communication era due to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this paper introduces a new technique to experimentally characterize the small-scale fading taking under consideration real environmental conditions. By conducting a two dimensional measurement while the mobile receiver is moving; a more accurate channel will be achieved. Two-dimensional measurement refers to collecting data from the receiver along the x and y direction. The two-dimensional measurement data contain far more information than a one-dimensional data collected. In order to represent the small-scale channel along with the real environmental conditions, new approaches are necessary to configure the two-dimensional system and to analyze the 2D data. The new approach this paper introduces for the characterization is that the measurements are conducted on a receiver while it is moving in a two dimensional manner, under different scenarios, Line-of-sight, Non-line-of-sight, and Two-wave-Diffuse Power. The experiment was conducted in a 7 meters long by 4 meters wide room, wherein the distance between the transmitter antenna and receiver is about 3 meters. Those scenarios represent different real-time conditions where obstacles differ from one scenario to another. For example, the line of sight scenario assumes there a clear line of sight between transmitter and receiver, Non line of sight assumes many obstacles between the transmitter and receiver, i.e. walls, cabinets, etc. and Two Wave Diffuse Power assumes a metallic reflector surrounding the receiver. The experiment showed more accurate results when compared to the one dimensional measurement that has been done in the past where R. Mawari et al. 161 receiver is moving in one direction and also receiver being fixed where a constructive and destructive interference is not captured. The two dimensional measurement technique, i.e. capturing data while receiver moving in both x and y directions, provided essential information regarding the constructive and destructive interference patterns caused by the interaction between the receiver while moving and the obstacles surrounding the receiver.

ABSTRACT This paper presents an improvement of the read range, radar cross section (RCS) and reli... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an improvement of the read range, radar cross section (RCS) and reliability of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags using multiple antennas. Measurements were performed using custom built, semi-passive RFID tags with co-planar segmented-loop antennas. Results show an increased read range as compared to RFID tag with single segmented-loop antenna.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Dec 1, 2015

A picture of the 3-D positioner setup at Georgia Tech. In simulations, it is assumed that the pos... more A picture of the 3-D positioner setup at Georgia Tech. In simulations, it is assumed that the positioner arm with tag moves a distance of 0.61 m, away from the reader station along the straight line in one direction and follows a trapezoidal kind of motion profile during the movement. 28 This figure illustrates the reference profiles generated in the Matlab.. 29 Gaussian white noise was added to all three profiles. The scale factors for the noise were randomly picked as 0.03, 0.08, and 0.

Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, Sep 30, 2022

Background: Acute Appendicitis (AA) is the commonest surgical emergency encountered by surgeon in... more Background: Acute Appendicitis (AA) is the commonest surgical emergency encountered by surgeon in public & private setup in Pakistan. When it comes to diagnosis, patient seldom presents with the typical bookish picture (symptoms / signs) of the condition. Diagnosis therefore remains an enigma many a times especially for house officers and residents during their emergency duty. Various scores had been developed to aid the diagnosis, Alvarado score although gained popularity and is practiced in our setup. This study was designed to evaluate one such score designed by JM Ramirez & J Deus, for its negative appendicectomy rate calculation with the view to adopt it to our routine practice if it turns out with lesser negative appendicectomy rate compared to other scores in practice. Methods: This descriptive study was designed & carried out at the Surgical "B" Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from November 01, 2020 to June 30, 2021. A total of 190 patients with suspected AA were included, assessed by the score and accordingly placed in three groups based upon their initial score. Group-I patients were discharged with the advice to come back to same unit / hospital if pain persists or recurs. Group-II patients were kept in observation for 24 hours and finally recategorized either as Group-I or Group-III based upon a drop or rise in their score. Group-III patients were operated after preparation. Data collected over a special proforma was finalized at the time of discharge of patient, earlier in case of group I patients or after getting histopathology report in case of Group-III patients that was later analyzed with the help of SPSS-version 26. Results: Out of 190 patients included in study 129 were male while 61 were female patients. 49 patients presented with a score less than-15 (Group-I) & were discharged after evaluation. 53 patients had a score between-15 to 09 (Group-II), were therefore kept under observation till next 24-48 hour. Score of 30 dropped to Group-I range & were similarly discharged like Group-I patients. Score of 23 patients rose up to 10 or above (i.e. Group-III range) & were therefore operated like other 88 patients belonging to Group-III. 91 patients were having acutely inflammed, phlegmonous, gangrenous, perforated appendix or appendix with impacted faecolith / pus in the lumen, their appendicectomy specimen along with the specimen of 20 other difficult to diagnose cases on gross vision were sent for histopathology. H/P report confirmed 100 as positive & 11 as negative for appendicitis. 111 patients totally got operated, out of which 11 turned out negative appendicectomies. Frequency of negative appendicectomies overall was therefore 09.9%. It was 05.56% in male (i.e. 04/72) and 17.94 % (i.e. 07/39) in female patients. Conclusion: Score developed by JM Ramirez and J Deus proved quite helpful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis & reduction of the frequency of Negative appendicectomies. Being simple, non-invasive & cost-effective, requiring no special equipment or investigations for its application, it ensures an instant, structured & thorough assessment of patient. The score is therefore recommended for its routine adoption / application in our setup in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis to reduce the frequency of negative appendicectomies.

Quantum: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Sains, Apr 4, 2017

Telah dilakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif pada materi sistem koloid.T... more Telah dilakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif pada materi sistem koloid.Tujuan dari pengembangan ini adalah untuk memudahkan guru mengajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif pada materi sistem koloid. Pengembangan ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 8 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2012/2013 yang terdiri dari 12 siswa sebagai sampel uji kelompok kecil dan 33 siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dari SMA PGRI 4 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2012/2013 sebagai sampel uji lapangan terbatas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes hasil belajar, observasi, dan angket. Hasil uji ahli terhadap media diperoleh rata-rata 83,33 termasuk kategori sangat baik, hasil belajar siswa uji kelompok kecil71,67% dengan kategori baik, uji lapangan terbatas 80,69% dengan kategori baik sekali dan rata-rata respon siswa untuk uji kelompok kecil 43,25 kategori sangat baik serta uji lapangan terbatas 44,18 kategori sangat baik. Artinya, siswa memberikan respon positif. Hal ini menunjukan media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif dapat memudahkan proses pembelajaran pada materi sistem koloid. Media yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan siswa sebagai alat bantu dalam proses pembelajaran.

Advanced Materials Technologies, 2021

Conductive metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors ... more Conductive metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) because of their tunable structures, high specific surface areas, and superior conductivity. However, it remains challenging to develop conductive MOFs for organic SCs and the role of metal ions in the electrochemical performance of MOFs is still unclear but is shown to be a key factor in determining MOFs performance. Herein, two high‐performance ultra‐thin redox conductive 2D MOFs (>6000 S m−1) for SCs are prepared, and the effects of metal ions on the capacitive performance of MOF electrodes are investigated. Co2+ and Mn2+ with the same ligand provide two MOFs featuring almost the same structures and specific surface areas but show great differences in electrochemical performance except that both MOFs exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance and good cycling stability with a capacity retention of >85% after 10 000 cycles. Different metal ions endow the two MOFs with ...

Nanoscale, 2021

The formation of high-index facets were realized via the electropolishing process before and afte... more The formation of high-index facets were realized via the electropolishing process before and after annealing at different temperatures and exhibited the suppression of H2 evolution and C1 products during the electrochemical CO2 reduction.

IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2020

In the framework of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) in 2008, the mixing of the urban ... more In the framework of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) in 2008, the mixing of the urban pollution plume of Dakar (Senegal) with mineral dust was studied in detail using the German research aircraft Falcon which was equipped with a nadir-looking high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) and extensive aerosol in situ instrumentation. The mineral dust layer as well as the urban pollution plume were probed remotely by the HSRL and in situ. Back trajectory analyses were used to attribute aerosol samples to source regions. We found that the emission from the region of Dakar increased the aerosol optical depth (532 nm) from approximately 0.30 over sea and over land east of Dakar to 0.35 in the city outflow. In the urban area, local black carbon (BC) emissions, or soot respectively, contributed more than 75% to aerosol absorption at 530 nm. In the dust layer, the single-scattering albedo at 530 nm was 0.96 − 0.99, whereas we found a value of 0.908 ± 0.018 for the aerosol dominated by urban pollution. After 6 h of transport over the North Atlantic, the externally mixed mode of secondary aerosol particles had almost completely vanished, whereas the BC agglomerates (soot) were still externally mixed with mineral dust particles.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2020

Persistent Cu2O on ODCu plays an important role in C2 product selectivity due to its interactions... more Persistent Cu2O on ODCu plays an important role in C2 product selectivity due to its interactions with CO2RR intermediates.

Journal of Signal and Information Processing, 2019

Localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected ha... more Localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles is a current need. Many techniques have been discussed in the literature with respect to location-based services and techniques used for the positioning of devices. Time difference of arrival (TDOA), time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) have been widely used for the positioning but narrow band signals such as Bluetooth cannot efficiently utilize TDOA or TOA. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure RSS, has been found to be more reliable. RSSI measurement estimations depend heavily on the environmental interference. RSSI measurement estimations of Bluetooth systems can be improved either by improving the existing methodologies used to implement them or by using fusion techniques that employ Kalman filters to combine more than one RSSI method to improve the results significantly. This paper focuses on improving the existing methodology of measuring RSSI by proposing a new method using trilateration for localization of Bluetooth devices for visually impaired people. To validate the new method, class 2 Bluetooth devices (Blue Giga WT-12) were used with an evaluation board. The software required was developed in National Instruments LabView. The PCB was designed and manufactured as well. Experiments were then conducted, and surface plots of Bluetooth modules were obtained to show the signal interference and other environmental effects. Lastly, the results were discussed, and relevant conclusions were drawn.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Research, 2006

2015 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA), 2015

In this paper, we present a 5.8 GHz RFID tag equipped with a high gain, low power reflection ampl... more In this paper, we present a 5.8 GHz RFID tag equipped with a high gain, low power reflection amplifier based on a tunnel diode. Experimental results show that the realized prototype achieves gains above 40 dB and requires only 29 μW of biasing power. The tag detects very low RF signals (<; -90 dBm) and provides read ranges up to 2 km. Long communication ranges and Manchester encoding are achieved by biasing on and off the tunnel diode.

RöFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 2010

Considering the rapidly increasing number of clinical high-field MR imagers and the lack of data ... more Considering the rapidly increasing number of clinical high-field MR imagers and the lack of data regarding interference with magnetically adjustable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt valves, valve safety was assessed with regard to magnetic field interactions: imaging artifacts, heating, magnetic forces, and functional changes in a phantom study at 3.0 Tesla using explanted devices as a realistic model for in vivo conditions. Sixteen explanted Codman-Medos and Sophy-SU8 shunt valves, all in perfect working order, were selected and exposed to a 3.0 T static magnetic field. Valve-induced imaging artifacts and signal drop-outs and the heating experiments were evaluated using standard diagnostic MR sequences with different SAR values. Translational attraction for the adjustable valves was assessed using the deflection angle method. To test adjustability and function, the spherical phantom containing the valve was placed in the isocenter of the MR scanner and exposed to a static magnetic f...

Proceedings of the Inaugural IEEE PES 2005 Conference and Exposition in Africa

... Syed M. Alamdar Raza 1 , Muhammad Akbar 2 , Farrukh Kamran 3 ... &amp;amp; Technology... more ... Syed M. Alamdar Raza 1 , Muhammad Akbar 2 , Farrukh Kamran 3 ... &amp;amp; Technology College of Signals, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 3 Vice President Engineering Centre for Advanced Research in Engineering Islamabad, Pakistan {farrukh@carepvtltd.com} ... [3] M. Amin, Toward self ...

Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2005

Data in medical images is very large and therefore for storage and/or transmission of these image... more Data in medical images is very large and therefore for storage and/or transmission of these images, compression is essential. A method is proposed which provides high compression ratios for radiographic images with no loss of diagnostic quality. In the approach an image is first compressed at a high compression ratio but with loss, and the error image is then compressed losslessly. The resulting compression is not only strictly lossless, but also expected to yield a high compression ratio, especially if the lossy compression technique is good. A neural network vector quantizer (NNVQ) is used as a lossy compressor, while for lossless compression Huffman coding is used. Quality of images is evaluated by comparing with standard compression techniques available.