Małgorzata Wojtkowska - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Małgorzata Wojtkowska
Sustainability
The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkle... more The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkler installations, as well as the influence of temperature changes on the corrosion process. The physical and chemical components of the water were measured to ascertain the influence of its properties on the corrosion process in a wet pipe sprinkler system operating in significantly changing ambient temperature conditions. The article presents the results of measurements of the wall thickness of galvanized pipes and changes in the chemical composition of water occurring under the influence of variable ambient temperature. The range and variability of temperatures corresponded to the seasons of the year: spring and summer in a temperate climate. Changes in the corrosive aggressiveness of water were assessed using the Langelier saturation index (LSI), the Ryznar stability index (RSI), and the general acidity intensity index (I). The tests revealed that the tap water used demonstrated strong...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The impact of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on speciation image of selected trace me... more The impact of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on speciation image of selected trace metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb) in bottom sediments was determined. The influence on the effectiveness of metal removal of extraction multiplicity, type of metal, extraction time and concentration of EDTA were analyzed. With the increase of extraction multiplicity, the concentration of EDTA and contact time, the efficiency of trace metals leaching increased. The speciation analysis revealed that EDTA not only leached metals from bioavailable fractions, but also caused the transition of the metals between the fractions. The biggest amounts of bioavailable forms were found for Cd, less for Zn. The amount of bioavailable fraction was the lowest for Cu and Pb. The two first-order kinetic models fitted well the kinetics of metals extraction with EDTA, allowing the metals fractionation into “labile” (Q1), “moderately labile” (Q2) and “not extractable” fractions (Q3).
Archives of Environmental Protection, 2018
Along with the increase in popularity of the sewage sludge thermal treatment methods in Poland re... more Along with the increase in popularity of the sewage sludge thermal treatment methods in Poland resulting from the implementation of European Union law, a management problem with ash, which is produced as a result of this process, appeared. The paper analyses the chemical composition and physical properties of fl y ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge in terms of its use in concrete technologies in relation to EN 450-1 Fly ash for concrete. Defi nition, specifi cations and conformity criteria (2012) and EN 197-1 Cement. Composition, specifi cations and conformity criteria for common cements (2011) standards. The tested material did not meet the requirements related to use of fl y ash for concrete production (chemical composition, low activity index, high water demand and fi neness), and as main and minor components for cement production. On the basis of the carried out research and analyses, it was found that the hardening slurry technology creates the greatest possibilities related to the management of fl y ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge. *-retained on 0,045 mm sieve according to EN 451-2 (1994) Source: own elaboration based on EN 450-1 (2012)
Archives of civil engineering, 2020
The manuscript presents the condition of circular economy in Poland in diversified approach: subj... more The manuscript presents the condition of circular economy in Poland in diversified approach: subjective (waste streams, energy), sectoral (construction, wastewater treatment, coal energy), related to the resources (phosphorous and anthropogenic minerals) and considering proper energy management (almost zero energy buildings). The achievements reached in different sectors as well as the requirements towards implementation of CE are presented. The advancement of recycling technologies does not deviate from the global level, in terms of areas specific to Poland. Limiting the exploitation of natural resources and usage of new materials as well as producing more durable products are of CE concern. Also energy and heat recovery in buildings and technological processes (e.g. during wastewater treatment), ways of utilization of combustion by-products and water decarbonization waste are described. The implementation of CE in Poland needs not only research and technical activities, but also the modification of technological processes, the right policy, overcoming crosssectoral barriers, developing legal regulations and support schemes for CE.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2020
The study aimed to assess the content of metals in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments s... more The study aimed to assess the content of metals in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments sampled from the Wilanowskie Lake. The analyses of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper showed that the metal concentration in water, suspended solids, and sediments differed at individual measurement points. It can be attributed to the influx of pollutants from the areas adjacent to the lake. During the sampling period, the concentration of dissolved forms of Cu varied from 33.1 to 186.5 μg/ dm3; in the suspended form it ranged from 0.21 to 0.81 mg/dm3, and in bottom sediments, it was in the range 17–245 mg/kg dw. For cadmium, the concentration of dissolved forms ranged from 1.15 to 19.53 μg/dm3, in suspended form – from 0.02 to 0.1 mg/dm3, and in the sediments from 6.2 to 21.6 mg/kg dw. The concentration of dissolved forms of lead was from 3.19 to 106.7 μg/dm3, in the suspension from about 0.67 to 1.07 mg/dm3 and in sediments – from 200 to 450 mg/kg dw. For zinc, the results were respectivel...
Phosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work... more Phosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work, eutrophication indexes were used for the assessment of eutrophication level of water course (Służewiecki Stream) and the waters of nearby lakes (Bottom Berensewicz’s Pond, Wyścigi Pond, Wilanowskie Lake). Calculating eutrophication indexes were based on the most important indicators which is crucial for eutrophication process: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl(a)) and water transparency. The research revealed that the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the analysed waters determined intensity of trophic processes. The average concentration of both indicators was high: 0.81 mg/l TP and 6.8 mg/l TN. During this research, two approaches were used: trophic state index (TSI) and trophic level index (TLI). TSI (TP) in Służewiecki Stream were, respectively: 83 and 6.5 whilst for standing waters (lake and ponds) 87 and 6.6. Both indexes indicated high trop...
E3S Web of Conferences
The quality assessment of watercourse, located in a highly urbanized area was the goal of researc... more The quality assessment of watercourse, located in a highly urbanized area was the goal of research. The SłuŻewiecki Stream, which flows in the southern part of the capital city of Warsaw is the subject of study. The aim of the research was to determine the tendency of the water quality changes in the SłuŻewiecki Stream, flowing in the highly urbanized area and being a sink of the non-point and industry sources of pollutions as well as the surface runoffs which comes from its catchment. The field research was conducted along the entire length of the stream in 2015 and 2016. The water samples were collected monthly from a depth to 20 cm. Water quality tests were carried out in accordance with the valid analytical methods. The obtained results point to poor water quality. Therefore it can be conducted that the development and use of the direct catchment is the one of main factors affecting the water quality in SłuŻewiecki Stream. The tributaries, often not inventoried, from built-up, p...
Open Geosciences, 2016
The article presents detailed geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of lead and zinc co... more The article presents detailed geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of lead and zinc concentration in water, suspension and bottom sediments of large, urban lake exposed to intensive anthropogenic pressure within a large city. Systematic chemical measurements were performed at eleven cross-sections located along Czerniakowskie Lake, the largest lake in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. During the summer, the lake is used as a public bathing area, therefore, to better evaluate human impacts, field measurements were carried out in high-use seasons. It was found that the spatial distributions of aqueous lead and zinc differ during the summer and autumn. In summer several Pb and Zn hot-spots were observed, while during autumn spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were rather homogenous throughout the entire lake. Large seasonal differences in spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were found in bottom sediments. Autumn concentrations of both heavy metals were ten times higher in compari...
The goal of the research was to determine the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd forms in the bot... more The goal of the research was to determine the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd forms in the bottom sediments of Czerniakowskie Lake situated within the boundaries of Warsaw. Sediment cores collected for examination purposes were divided into sections, which were approximately 5 cm thick and were analysed to determine the content of metal forms. In the investigated sediments metals were characterized by different percentage in the individual fractions. Speciation analysis indicated that the following fractions were dominant in the bottom sediments of Czerniakowskie Lake: the fraction connected with iron and manganese oxides (for lead and zinc), the fraction connected with organic matter (for copper), the carbonate fraction and the fraction connected with iron and manganese oxides (for cadmium).
Science of The Total Environment, 2016
This study aimed to describe the prevalence heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) forms in the ecosys... more This study aimed to describe the prevalence heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) forms in the ecosystem of the Utrata river in order to determine the mobile forms and bioavailability of metals. To extract the dissolved forms of metals in the water of the Utrata PHREEQC2 geochemical speciation model was used. The river waters show a high percentage of mobile and eco-toxic forms of Zn, Cu and Pb. The percentage of carbonate forms for all the studied metals was low (<1%). The content of carbonates in the water and the prevailing physical and chemical conditions (pH, hardness, alkalinity) reduce the share of toxic metal forms, which precipitate as hardly soluble carbonate salts of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Cu in the water in 90% of cases appeared in the form of hydroxyl compounds. To identify the forms of metal occurrence in the sediments Tessier's sequential extraction was used, allowing to assay bound metals in five fractions (ion exchange, carbonate, adsorption, organic, residual), whose nature and bioavailability varies in aquatic environments. The study has shown a large share of metals in labile and bioavailable forms. The speciation analysis revealed an absolute dominance of the organic fraction in the binding of Cu and Pb. Potent affinity for this fraction was also exhibited by Cd. The rations of exchangeable Zn and Cu forms in the sediments were similar. Both these metals had the lowest share in the most mobile ion exchange fraction.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015
This research covered an evaluation of the copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments ... more This research covered an evaluation of the copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments dredged from one of the ponds in Warsaw. The samples of sediments, soil, and plants were analyzed in terms of Cu and Cd content. The research concerned the heap of dredged bottom sediments from Wyścigi Pond, Warsaw, Poland. Two boreholes were made to obtain sediment cores with depths of A 162.5 cm and B 190.0 cm. The cores were divided into 10 sub-samples with a thickness of about 15-20 cm. A control sample of soil was taken from the horse racecourse several hundred meters away from the heap. The vegetation was sampled directly from the heap. The predominating plants were tested: Urtica dioica, Glechoma hederacea, Euonymus verrucosus, and Drepanocladus aduncus. A control sample of U. dioica taken outside of the heap was also tested. The commercial PHYTOTOXKIT microbiotest was applied to evaluate the influence of heavy metal-contaminated sediments (used as soil) on germination and growth of the chosen test plants. The analyses of cadmium and copper concentrations revealed that the metal concentration in sediments was diverse at different depths of sampling, probably reflecting their concentration in stored layers of sediments. Moreover, the metal content in core A was four to five times lower than that in core B, which reveals heterogeneity of the sediments in the tested heap. In core A, the copper concentration ranged from 4.7 to 13.4 mg/kg d.w. (average 8.06±0.71 mg/kg d.w.), while in core B, it ranged from 9.2 to 82.1 mg/kg d.w. (average 38.56±2.6 mg/kg d.w.). One of the results of the heavy metal presence in soils is their bioaccumulation in plants. Comparing plant growth, more intensive growth of roots was observed in the case of plants growing on the control (reference) soil than those growing on sediments. The intensive development of both primary and lateral roots was noticed. During this early growth, metal accumulation in plants occurred.
Environment Protection Engineering
The aim of the research was to determine the concentrations of nitrogen forms in the waters of Ko... more The aim of the research was to determine the concentrations of nitrogen forms in the waters of Korytów and Łąki Korytowskie reservoirs located on the Pisia-Gągolina River, which flows through the Żyrardów area. Four analyses of water quality in both reservoirs were performed and their results were compared. After detailed examination, the influence of such factors as seasonal character, characteristics and location of the reservoirs was analyzed. Based on the research results, the quality of the water can be described as satisfactory. The research proved significant variability of certain nitrogen forms over time. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrates, nitrites and total nitrogen were variable, depending on the location of research sites. The analysis of nitrogen forms’ concentrations proved some disturbances of a natural nitrogen cycle over time. Increased concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrates(V) indicate that the water in the reservoirs can be prone to agricultural poll...
Environment Protection Engineering
The results of study of heavy metals content in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments of t... more The results of study of heavy metals content in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments of the Utrata River. The highest concentrations were observed for the dissolved form of Pb (0.35 mg/dm3 ). Allheavy metals under investigation were present in suspended solids (over 90%). Remarkable amount have also been found in sediments [mg/kg] Zn – 174, Cu – 76, Pb – 49, and Cd – 2.5. Water extracts showed lower concentrations, while EDTA extraction was several times more efficient (over 26%).
Przemysl Chemiczny
Samples of surface waters and bottom sediments in the vicinity of a Cu ore flotation waste dispos... more Samples of surface waters and bottom sediments in the vicinity of a Cu ore flotation waste disposal were twice collected in 2006 and analyzed for heavy metals, inorg. anions, conductivity, suspensions, dissolved O2, COD and pH by standard methods, except for detn. of NH3 and SO4 2-, NO-3 and PO4 3- ions. The studied waters showed a high sainity degree and a high content of heavy metals. According to the results of speciation anal., the heavy metals accumulated in bottom sediments ore an addul. source of secondary pollution of surface waters
Progress in Plant Protection, 2014
In the years 1998-2000 the studies were carried out on water, bottom sediments and plant material... more In the years 1998-2000 the studies were carried out on water, bottom sediments and plant materials collected from the Zegrzyński Lake. Metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) were detected in water, in dissolved fractions (hydrated ions, labile and inert complexes), suspended matter and in bottom sediments. The samples of plant parts (roots, stalks and leaves) and molluscs were also analysed. The obtained results showed the best activity (nearly 90%) in metals' binding registered in suspended matter. A strong power in metals' binding was shown by molluscs occurring on the bottom of the water reservoir. Taking into consideration plant part, the highest concentration of Zn and Pb were detected in roots and Cu in green parts. The concentration of Zn and Pb were higher in molluscs than in the sediments and roots. Also the concentration of Cd was higher in molluscs than in the bottom sediments and parts of plant parts.
Sustainability
The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkle... more The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkler installations, as well as the influence of temperature changes on the corrosion process. The physical and chemical components of the water were measured to ascertain the influence of its properties on the corrosion process in a wet pipe sprinkler system operating in significantly changing ambient temperature conditions. The article presents the results of measurements of the wall thickness of galvanized pipes and changes in the chemical composition of water occurring under the influence of variable ambient temperature. The range and variability of temperatures corresponded to the seasons of the year: spring and summer in a temperate climate. Changes in the corrosive aggressiveness of water were assessed using the Langelier saturation index (LSI), the Ryznar stability index (RSI), and the general acidity intensity index (I). The tests revealed that the tap water used demonstrated strong...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The impact of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on speciation image of selected trace me... more The impact of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on speciation image of selected trace metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb) in bottom sediments was determined. The influence on the effectiveness of metal removal of extraction multiplicity, type of metal, extraction time and concentration of EDTA were analyzed. With the increase of extraction multiplicity, the concentration of EDTA and contact time, the efficiency of trace metals leaching increased. The speciation analysis revealed that EDTA not only leached metals from bioavailable fractions, but also caused the transition of the metals between the fractions. The biggest amounts of bioavailable forms were found for Cd, less for Zn. The amount of bioavailable fraction was the lowest for Cu and Pb. The two first-order kinetic models fitted well the kinetics of metals extraction with EDTA, allowing the metals fractionation into “labile” (Q1), “moderately labile” (Q2) and “not extractable” fractions (Q3).
Archives of Environmental Protection, 2018
Along with the increase in popularity of the sewage sludge thermal treatment methods in Poland re... more Along with the increase in popularity of the sewage sludge thermal treatment methods in Poland resulting from the implementation of European Union law, a management problem with ash, which is produced as a result of this process, appeared. The paper analyses the chemical composition and physical properties of fl y ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge in terms of its use in concrete technologies in relation to EN 450-1 Fly ash for concrete. Defi nition, specifi cations and conformity criteria (2012) and EN 197-1 Cement. Composition, specifi cations and conformity criteria for common cements (2011) standards. The tested material did not meet the requirements related to use of fl y ash for concrete production (chemical composition, low activity index, high water demand and fi neness), and as main and minor components for cement production. On the basis of the carried out research and analyses, it was found that the hardening slurry technology creates the greatest possibilities related to the management of fl y ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge. *-retained on 0,045 mm sieve according to EN 451-2 (1994) Source: own elaboration based on EN 450-1 (2012)
Archives of civil engineering, 2020
The manuscript presents the condition of circular economy in Poland in diversified approach: subj... more The manuscript presents the condition of circular economy in Poland in diversified approach: subjective (waste streams, energy), sectoral (construction, wastewater treatment, coal energy), related to the resources (phosphorous and anthropogenic minerals) and considering proper energy management (almost zero energy buildings). The achievements reached in different sectors as well as the requirements towards implementation of CE are presented. The advancement of recycling technologies does not deviate from the global level, in terms of areas specific to Poland. Limiting the exploitation of natural resources and usage of new materials as well as producing more durable products are of CE concern. Also energy and heat recovery in buildings and technological processes (e.g. during wastewater treatment), ways of utilization of combustion by-products and water decarbonization waste are described. The implementation of CE in Poland needs not only research and technical activities, but also the modification of technological processes, the right policy, overcoming crosssectoral barriers, developing legal regulations and support schemes for CE.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2020
The study aimed to assess the content of metals in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments s... more The study aimed to assess the content of metals in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments sampled from the Wilanowskie Lake. The analyses of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper showed that the metal concentration in water, suspended solids, and sediments differed at individual measurement points. It can be attributed to the influx of pollutants from the areas adjacent to the lake. During the sampling period, the concentration of dissolved forms of Cu varied from 33.1 to 186.5 μg/ dm3; in the suspended form it ranged from 0.21 to 0.81 mg/dm3, and in bottom sediments, it was in the range 17–245 mg/kg dw. For cadmium, the concentration of dissolved forms ranged from 1.15 to 19.53 μg/dm3, in suspended form – from 0.02 to 0.1 mg/dm3, and in the sediments from 6.2 to 21.6 mg/kg dw. The concentration of dissolved forms of lead was from 3.19 to 106.7 μg/dm3, in the suspension from about 0.67 to 1.07 mg/dm3 and in sediments – from 200 to 450 mg/kg dw. For zinc, the results were respectivel...
Phosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work... more Phosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work, eutrophication indexes were used for the assessment of eutrophication level of water course (Służewiecki Stream) and the waters of nearby lakes (Bottom Berensewicz’s Pond, Wyścigi Pond, Wilanowskie Lake). Calculating eutrophication indexes were based on the most important indicators which is crucial for eutrophication process: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl(a)) and water transparency. The research revealed that the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the analysed waters determined intensity of trophic processes. The average concentration of both indicators was high: 0.81 mg/l TP and 6.8 mg/l TN. During this research, two approaches were used: trophic state index (TSI) and trophic level index (TLI). TSI (TP) in Służewiecki Stream were, respectively: 83 and 6.5 whilst for standing waters (lake and ponds) 87 and 6.6. Both indexes indicated high trop...
E3S Web of Conferences
The quality assessment of watercourse, located in a highly urbanized area was the goal of researc... more The quality assessment of watercourse, located in a highly urbanized area was the goal of research. The SłuŻewiecki Stream, which flows in the southern part of the capital city of Warsaw is the subject of study. The aim of the research was to determine the tendency of the water quality changes in the SłuŻewiecki Stream, flowing in the highly urbanized area and being a sink of the non-point and industry sources of pollutions as well as the surface runoffs which comes from its catchment. The field research was conducted along the entire length of the stream in 2015 and 2016. The water samples were collected monthly from a depth to 20 cm. Water quality tests were carried out in accordance with the valid analytical methods. The obtained results point to poor water quality. Therefore it can be conducted that the development and use of the direct catchment is the one of main factors affecting the water quality in SłuŻewiecki Stream. The tributaries, often not inventoried, from built-up, p...
Open Geosciences, 2016
The article presents detailed geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of lead and zinc co... more The article presents detailed geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of lead and zinc concentration in water, suspension and bottom sediments of large, urban lake exposed to intensive anthropogenic pressure within a large city. Systematic chemical measurements were performed at eleven cross-sections located along Czerniakowskie Lake, the largest lake in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. During the summer, the lake is used as a public bathing area, therefore, to better evaluate human impacts, field measurements were carried out in high-use seasons. It was found that the spatial distributions of aqueous lead and zinc differ during the summer and autumn. In summer several Pb and Zn hot-spots were observed, while during autumn spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were rather homogenous throughout the entire lake. Large seasonal differences in spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were found in bottom sediments. Autumn concentrations of both heavy metals were ten times higher in compari...
The goal of the research was to determine the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd forms in the bot... more The goal of the research was to determine the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd forms in the bottom sediments of Czerniakowskie Lake situated within the boundaries of Warsaw. Sediment cores collected for examination purposes were divided into sections, which were approximately 5 cm thick and were analysed to determine the content of metal forms. In the investigated sediments metals were characterized by different percentage in the individual fractions. Speciation analysis indicated that the following fractions were dominant in the bottom sediments of Czerniakowskie Lake: the fraction connected with iron and manganese oxides (for lead and zinc), the fraction connected with organic matter (for copper), the carbonate fraction and the fraction connected with iron and manganese oxides (for cadmium).
Science of The Total Environment, 2016
This study aimed to describe the prevalence heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) forms in the ecosys... more This study aimed to describe the prevalence heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) forms in the ecosystem of the Utrata river in order to determine the mobile forms and bioavailability of metals. To extract the dissolved forms of metals in the water of the Utrata PHREEQC2 geochemical speciation model was used. The river waters show a high percentage of mobile and eco-toxic forms of Zn, Cu and Pb. The percentage of carbonate forms for all the studied metals was low (<1%). The content of carbonates in the water and the prevailing physical and chemical conditions (pH, hardness, alkalinity) reduce the share of toxic metal forms, which precipitate as hardly soluble carbonate salts of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Cu in the water in 90% of cases appeared in the form of hydroxyl compounds. To identify the forms of metal occurrence in the sediments Tessier's sequential extraction was used, allowing to assay bound metals in five fractions (ion exchange, carbonate, adsorption, organic, residual), whose nature and bioavailability varies in aquatic environments. The study has shown a large share of metals in labile and bioavailable forms. The speciation analysis revealed an absolute dominance of the organic fraction in the binding of Cu and Pb. Potent affinity for this fraction was also exhibited by Cd. The rations of exchangeable Zn and Cu forms in the sediments were similar. Both these metals had the lowest share in the most mobile ion exchange fraction.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015
This research covered an evaluation of the copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments ... more This research covered an evaluation of the copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments dredged from one of the ponds in Warsaw. The samples of sediments, soil, and plants were analyzed in terms of Cu and Cd content. The research concerned the heap of dredged bottom sediments from Wyścigi Pond, Warsaw, Poland. Two boreholes were made to obtain sediment cores with depths of A 162.5 cm and B 190.0 cm. The cores were divided into 10 sub-samples with a thickness of about 15-20 cm. A control sample of soil was taken from the horse racecourse several hundred meters away from the heap. The vegetation was sampled directly from the heap. The predominating plants were tested: Urtica dioica, Glechoma hederacea, Euonymus verrucosus, and Drepanocladus aduncus. A control sample of U. dioica taken outside of the heap was also tested. The commercial PHYTOTOXKIT microbiotest was applied to evaluate the influence of heavy metal-contaminated sediments (used as soil) on germination and growth of the chosen test plants. The analyses of cadmium and copper concentrations revealed that the metal concentration in sediments was diverse at different depths of sampling, probably reflecting their concentration in stored layers of sediments. Moreover, the metal content in core A was four to five times lower than that in core B, which reveals heterogeneity of the sediments in the tested heap. In core A, the copper concentration ranged from 4.7 to 13.4 mg/kg d.w. (average 8.06±0.71 mg/kg d.w.), while in core B, it ranged from 9.2 to 82.1 mg/kg d.w. (average 38.56±2.6 mg/kg d.w.). One of the results of the heavy metal presence in soils is their bioaccumulation in plants. Comparing plant growth, more intensive growth of roots was observed in the case of plants growing on the control (reference) soil than those growing on sediments. The intensive development of both primary and lateral roots was noticed. During this early growth, metal accumulation in plants occurred.
Environment Protection Engineering
The aim of the research was to determine the concentrations of nitrogen forms in the waters of Ko... more The aim of the research was to determine the concentrations of nitrogen forms in the waters of Korytów and Łąki Korytowskie reservoirs located on the Pisia-Gągolina River, which flows through the Żyrardów area. Four analyses of water quality in both reservoirs were performed and their results were compared. After detailed examination, the influence of such factors as seasonal character, characteristics and location of the reservoirs was analyzed. Based on the research results, the quality of the water can be described as satisfactory. The research proved significant variability of certain nitrogen forms over time. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrates, nitrites and total nitrogen were variable, depending on the location of research sites. The analysis of nitrogen forms’ concentrations proved some disturbances of a natural nitrogen cycle over time. Increased concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrates(V) indicate that the water in the reservoirs can be prone to agricultural poll...
Environment Protection Engineering
The results of study of heavy metals content in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments of t... more The results of study of heavy metals content in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments of the Utrata River. The highest concentrations were observed for the dissolved form of Pb (0.35 mg/dm3 ). Allheavy metals under investigation were present in suspended solids (over 90%). Remarkable amount have also been found in sediments [mg/kg] Zn – 174, Cu – 76, Pb – 49, and Cd – 2.5. Water extracts showed lower concentrations, while EDTA extraction was several times more efficient (over 26%).
Przemysl Chemiczny
Samples of surface waters and bottom sediments in the vicinity of a Cu ore flotation waste dispos... more Samples of surface waters and bottom sediments in the vicinity of a Cu ore flotation waste disposal were twice collected in 2006 and analyzed for heavy metals, inorg. anions, conductivity, suspensions, dissolved O2, COD and pH by standard methods, except for detn. of NH3 and SO4 2-, NO-3 and PO4 3- ions. The studied waters showed a high sainity degree and a high content of heavy metals. According to the results of speciation anal., the heavy metals accumulated in bottom sediments ore an addul. source of secondary pollution of surface waters
Progress in Plant Protection, 2014
In the years 1998-2000 the studies were carried out on water, bottom sediments and plant material... more In the years 1998-2000 the studies were carried out on water, bottom sediments and plant materials collected from the Zegrzyński Lake. Metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) were detected in water, in dissolved fractions (hydrated ions, labile and inert complexes), suspended matter and in bottom sediments. The samples of plant parts (roots, stalks and leaves) and molluscs were also analysed. The obtained results showed the best activity (nearly 90%) in metals' binding registered in suspended matter. A strong power in metals' binding was shown by molluscs occurring on the bottom of the water reservoir. Taking into consideration plant part, the highest concentration of Zn and Pb were detected in roots and Cu in green parts. The concentration of Zn and Pb were higher in molluscs than in the sediments and roots. Also the concentration of Cd was higher in molluscs than in the bottom sediments and parts of plant parts.