Małgorzata Sobera - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Małgorzata Sobera
Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 2017
PURPOSE The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower li... more PURPOSE The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower limb loading during a normal stance and during a stance with visual and vestibular disturbance relating to the lower limb dominance, (2) to assess relations of loading of both lower limbs with body weight and height (BMI) and leg functional dominance. METHODS The subjects of this study were 95 students. Settings of the two Kistler platforms were used to register the time series of the vertical component of the ground reaction force while the subject was standing (45 seconds) in a normal position and next with eyes covered with a band and head tilted back position with one leg placed on one platform and the other on the second platform. The symmetry index (SI) was used to describe the asymmetry of the left or right loading. RESULTS The greater loading of the left or right leg during standing was independent of the functional leg dominance. The distribution of left and right lower limb loadi...
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine women participating in fitness activities rega... more Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine women participating in fitness activities regarding their level of disability in daily activities and lumbar lordosis.Material and methods. Data were collected from 68 females between the ages of 25-70 participating in fitness exercises. The Oswestry Disability Index was applied to measure the level of disability due to the low back pain in everyday life. The angle of lumbar lordosis was measured using a Saunders’ digital inclinometer.Results. The results of the study confirmed the existence of problems related to low back pain in people performing sedentary work. There were no correlations between lumbar lordosis angle and the level of disability in daily activities of the groups. The low back pain increases especially among people performing sedentary work.Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that work in a sitting position is not associated with a decrease in the angle of lordosis in relation to another work than in a s...
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
Balance exercises in rhythmic gymnastics are performed on tiptoes, which causes overload of foot ... more Balance exercises in rhythmic gymnastics are performed on tiptoes, which causes overload of foot joints. This study aimed to evaluate the engagement of muscles stabilizing ankle and knee joints in balance exercises and determine exercises which may lead to ankle and knee joint injuries. It was hypothesized that long-term training has an influence on balance control and efficient use of muscles in their stabilizing function. Two rhythmic gymnasts (8 and 21 years old) performed balances on tiptoes (side split with hand support, ring with hand support) and on a flat foot (back split without hand support exercise). Surface electromyography, ground reaction forces, and kinematic parameters of movement were measured. The measuring systems applied were synchronized with the BTS SMART system. The results show the necessity to limit balance exercises on tiptoes in children because gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) activity significantly exceeds their activity. Ankl...
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the quality of postural co... more Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the quality of postural control between two female rhythmic gymnasts with different training experience during the performance of balance exercises. In rhythmic gymnastics, the same balance exercises are performed by novice and elite gymnasts. Balance exercises involving standing on the toes of one leg with the free leg raised in different positions are considered to be extreme forms of exercise in terms of the postural balance abilities required. In coaching practice, it is important to have tools which facilitate the objective assessment of the process of maintaining balance in such exercises. Material and methods.The study involved two female rhythmic gymnasts: a younger one (age = 8 years and training experience = 4 years) and an older one (age = 21 years and training experience = 14 years). The athletes performed three balance exercises standing on a Kistler platform: the split with hand support (lateral bal...
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2017
The aim of this research was to determine the features of a step workout technique which may be r... more The aim of this research was to determine the features of a step workout technique which may be related to motor system overloading in step aerobics. Subjects participating in the research were instructors (n=15) and students (n=15) without any prior experience in step aerobics. Kinematic and kinetic data was collected with the use of the BTS SMART system comprised of 6 calibrated video cameras and two Kistler force plates. The subjects’ task was to perform basic steps. The following variables were analyzed: vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral ground reaction forces; foot flexion and abduction and adduction angles; knee joint flexion angle; and trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane. The angle of a foot adduction recorded for the instructors was significantly smaller than that of the students. The knee joint angle while stepping up was significantly higher for the instructors compared to that for the students. Our research confirmed that foot dorsal flexion and adduction ...
Human Movement, 2015
Purpose. The aim of the paper was to determine the occurrence of feet and ankle deformities in tr... more Purpose. The aim of the paper was to determine the occurrence of feet and ankle deformities in trampoline and artistic gymnasts. Methods. Ten acrobatic gymnasts (trampolinists) and 10 artistic gymnasts aged 6-14 years were recruited. The calcaneal-tibial (rearfoot) angle was determined as the angle of the upper calcaneal tendon and the longitudinal heel axis while Clarke angles were determined by podoscopy. Results. The trampolinists showed significantly greater medial angulation (calcaneal valgus) than the group of gymnasts. Right and left foot Clark’s angles in both the trampoline and artistic gymnasts were above 55°. Conclusions. Trampolinists exhibit significantly more pronounced calcaneal valgus than artistic gymnasts. The prevalence of foot and ankle deformities in both populations should be addressed by coaches in the gymnastics training of young children.
Neuroscience Letters, 2011
One of the most common problems encountered in posture control studies is relatively poor repeata... more One of the most common problems encountered in posture control studies is relatively poor repeatability of postural stability measures based on the COP (center of pressure) time-series which results from the inherent variability of postural control. The repeatability of the data reflecting the postural control mechanisms in young children is still not well enough explained. The differences between of the repeatability of the stability indices of left and right foot may reflect the lateralization development of legs in the support function. The aim of the present study was two-fold: the assessment of the repeatability of the stability indices in three consecutive trials in young children, aged 2-7 years old, during quiet bipedal stance and the description of process of lower limbs lateralization, based on the difference of repeatability of both feet stability the indices changing with years. The subjects were 272 young healthy children aged 2-7 years old separated in 6 groups for children of different age. Each child stood for around 90s on two AccuSway force platforms (AMTI). The shifts of COP beneath left and right legs were recorded onto a computer by using appropriate software compatible with platforms. The indices of the ellipse area and velocity COP shifts were calculated. For assessment of the repeatability the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of the indices was used between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, and 1st and 3rd trials. Young children of 2-4 years old exhibit low level of the stability indices repeatability which increases in 5-year-old children, 6-year-olds revealed both low and high and 7-year-olds good and high levels of repeatability. Youngest children showed higher repeatability of the ellipse area of the left leg, 3- and 4-year-olds the right leg, while 6-year-olds again the left leg. In 5- and 7-year-olds there were no differences in the repeatability of stability indices between the left and right foot. The comparisons of the repeatability of the velocity index between the left and right leg revealed the difference only in 3 years old children. Posture control development of children can be assessed on the basis of velocity index but the COP ellipse area index is better way to describe the lateralization process. The repeatability of the stability indices is poor from 2 to 4 year of life but increases significantly from 5 to 7 year of life. The comparisons of repeatability between the left and right foot indices reflect the developmental process of lateralization of lower limbs in the support function and reveal that the left lower leg is a dominant one in support function while standing position. The process of leg lateralization is finishing about 6th year of life.
Physiotherapy, 2013
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to verify whether the 5-month training exercises usin... more Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to verify whether the 5-month training exercises using specific balance exercises of the authorial program improves body balance control in children with Down syndrome (DS).Materials and methods: The purpose of this study was the verification if the 5-months posture control exercises training by original program relays to posture control in Down syndrome (DS) children and youth. The subjects were 8 DS persons: 4 males and 4 females, aged 13-24. Two 20-seconds consecutive trails of natural bipedal standing position on 2 force platforms AccuSway (AMTI), one under each foot, were performed during research. On the basis of COP (centre of pressure) time series the following indices were computed: range, variability, velocity and area of COP shifts. There were 2 sessions of the research: one just before and the second just after 5-month lasting specific posture control training based on the original exercise program.Results: The results revealed...
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Wroclaw University of Technology, 2010
The frequency of corrective signal (the centre of corrective (COC) signal), which is the decompos... more The frequency of corrective signal (the centre of corrective (COC) signal), which is the decomposition of COP (centre of pressure) and estimated COM (centre of mass) time series, is one of the indicators reflecting the quality of postural control during stance. Young children, in the period of intensive development, gradually improve the quality of postural control in a daily life. The purpose of this paper was to describe the time series of corrective centre of foot pressure repeatability in young children aged between 2 and 7 during body stability in natural stance position. 272 healthy children aged between 2 and 7 were divided into 6 age groups. Two AccuSway force platforms were used (one foot of the subject was on one platform, the second foot, on the other). The COP trajectories were the basis for the calculation of the frequency stability indices in frontal and sagittal planes for the left leg and right leg separately. The COC signals were collected by the method based on the Kuczyński viscoelastic model. In order to assess the repeatability, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used between the 1st and the 2nd trials, the 2nd and the 3rd trials, and the 1st and the 3rd trials. The maturation of postural control system goes rather slowly in two youngest groups which showed the poor repeatability in COC frequency between the 2nd and the 3rd years of life. From the 4th to the 7th year of life the inter-session repeatability rapidly increases in three consecutive trials. Poor difference of frequency concordance was found between the left and right lower limbs. It is concluded that the frequency of corrective foot pressure is the reliable indicator of postural control for children aged between 4 and 7, but not for younger ones.
Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 2017
PURPOSE The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower li... more PURPOSE The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower limb loading during a normal stance and during a stance with visual and vestibular disturbance relating to the lower limb dominance, (2) to assess relations of loading of both lower limbs with body weight and height (BMI) and leg functional dominance. METHODS The subjects of this study were 95 students. Settings of the two Kistler platforms were used to register the time series of the vertical component of the ground reaction force while the subject was standing (45 seconds) in a normal position and next with eyes covered with a band and head tilted back position with one leg placed on one platform and the other on the second platform. The symmetry index (SI) was used to describe the asymmetry of the left or right loading. RESULTS The greater loading of the left or right leg during standing was independent of the functional leg dominance. The distribution of left and right lower limb loadi...
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine women participating in fitness activities rega... more Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine women participating in fitness activities regarding their level of disability in daily activities and lumbar lordosis.Material and methods. Data were collected from 68 females between the ages of 25-70 participating in fitness exercises. The Oswestry Disability Index was applied to measure the level of disability due to the low back pain in everyday life. The angle of lumbar lordosis was measured using a Saunders’ digital inclinometer.Results. The results of the study confirmed the existence of problems related to low back pain in people performing sedentary work. There were no correlations between lumbar lordosis angle and the level of disability in daily activities of the groups. The low back pain increases especially among people performing sedentary work.Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that work in a sitting position is not associated with a decrease in the angle of lordosis in relation to another work than in a s...
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
Balance exercises in rhythmic gymnastics are performed on tiptoes, which causes overload of foot ... more Balance exercises in rhythmic gymnastics are performed on tiptoes, which causes overload of foot joints. This study aimed to evaluate the engagement of muscles stabilizing ankle and knee joints in balance exercises and determine exercises which may lead to ankle and knee joint injuries. It was hypothesized that long-term training has an influence on balance control and efficient use of muscles in their stabilizing function. Two rhythmic gymnasts (8 and 21 years old) performed balances on tiptoes (side split with hand support, ring with hand support) and on a flat foot (back split without hand support exercise). Surface electromyography, ground reaction forces, and kinematic parameters of movement were measured. The measuring systems applied were synchronized with the BTS SMART system. The results show the necessity to limit balance exercises on tiptoes in children because gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) activity significantly exceeds their activity. Ankl...
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the quality of postural co... more Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the quality of postural control between two female rhythmic gymnasts with different training experience during the performance of balance exercises. In rhythmic gymnastics, the same balance exercises are performed by novice and elite gymnasts. Balance exercises involving standing on the toes of one leg with the free leg raised in different positions are considered to be extreme forms of exercise in terms of the postural balance abilities required. In coaching practice, it is important to have tools which facilitate the objective assessment of the process of maintaining balance in such exercises. Material and methods.The study involved two female rhythmic gymnasts: a younger one (age = 8 years and training experience = 4 years) and an older one (age = 21 years and training experience = 14 years). The athletes performed three balance exercises standing on a Kistler platform: the split with hand support (lateral bal...
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2017
The aim of this research was to determine the features of a step workout technique which may be r... more The aim of this research was to determine the features of a step workout technique which may be related to motor system overloading in step aerobics. Subjects participating in the research were instructors (n=15) and students (n=15) without any prior experience in step aerobics. Kinematic and kinetic data was collected with the use of the BTS SMART system comprised of 6 calibrated video cameras and two Kistler force plates. The subjects’ task was to perform basic steps. The following variables were analyzed: vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral ground reaction forces; foot flexion and abduction and adduction angles; knee joint flexion angle; and trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane. The angle of a foot adduction recorded for the instructors was significantly smaller than that of the students. The knee joint angle while stepping up was significantly higher for the instructors compared to that for the students. Our research confirmed that foot dorsal flexion and adduction ...
Human Movement, 2015
Purpose. The aim of the paper was to determine the occurrence of feet and ankle deformities in tr... more Purpose. The aim of the paper was to determine the occurrence of feet and ankle deformities in trampoline and artistic gymnasts. Methods. Ten acrobatic gymnasts (trampolinists) and 10 artistic gymnasts aged 6-14 years were recruited. The calcaneal-tibial (rearfoot) angle was determined as the angle of the upper calcaneal tendon and the longitudinal heel axis while Clarke angles were determined by podoscopy. Results. The trampolinists showed significantly greater medial angulation (calcaneal valgus) than the group of gymnasts. Right and left foot Clark’s angles in both the trampoline and artistic gymnasts were above 55°. Conclusions. Trampolinists exhibit significantly more pronounced calcaneal valgus than artistic gymnasts. The prevalence of foot and ankle deformities in both populations should be addressed by coaches in the gymnastics training of young children.
Neuroscience Letters, 2011
One of the most common problems encountered in posture control studies is relatively poor repeata... more One of the most common problems encountered in posture control studies is relatively poor repeatability of postural stability measures based on the COP (center of pressure) time-series which results from the inherent variability of postural control. The repeatability of the data reflecting the postural control mechanisms in young children is still not well enough explained. The differences between of the repeatability of the stability indices of left and right foot may reflect the lateralization development of legs in the support function. The aim of the present study was two-fold: the assessment of the repeatability of the stability indices in three consecutive trials in young children, aged 2-7 years old, during quiet bipedal stance and the description of process of lower limbs lateralization, based on the difference of repeatability of both feet stability the indices changing with years. The subjects were 272 young healthy children aged 2-7 years old separated in 6 groups for children of different age. Each child stood for around 90s on two AccuSway force platforms (AMTI). The shifts of COP beneath left and right legs were recorded onto a computer by using appropriate software compatible with platforms. The indices of the ellipse area and velocity COP shifts were calculated. For assessment of the repeatability the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of the indices was used between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, and 1st and 3rd trials. Young children of 2-4 years old exhibit low level of the stability indices repeatability which increases in 5-year-old children, 6-year-olds revealed both low and high and 7-year-olds good and high levels of repeatability. Youngest children showed higher repeatability of the ellipse area of the left leg, 3- and 4-year-olds the right leg, while 6-year-olds again the left leg. In 5- and 7-year-olds there were no differences in the repeatability of stability indices between the left and right foot. The comparisons of the repeatability of the velocity index between the left and right leg revealed the difference only in 3 years old children. Posture control development of children can be assessed on the basis of velocity index but the COP ellipse area index is better way to describe the lateralization process. The repeatability of the stability indices is poor from 2 to 4 year of life but increases significantly from 5 to 7 year of life. The comparisons of repeatability between the left and right foot indices reflect the developmental process of lateralization of lower limbs in the support function and reveal that the left lower leg is a dominant one in support function while standing position. The process of leg lateralization is finishing about 6th year of life.
Physiotherapy, 2013
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to verify whether the 5-month training exercises usin... more Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to verify whether the 5-month training exercises using specific balance exercises of the authorial program improves body balance control in children with Down syndrome (DS).Materials and methods: The purpose of this study was the verification if the 5-months posture control exercises training by original program relays to posture control in Down syndrome (DS) children and youth. The subjects were 8 DS persons: 4 males and 4 females, aged 13-24. Two 20-seconds consecutive trails of natural bipedal standing position on 2 force platforms AccuSway (AMTI), one under each foot, were performed during research. On the basis of COP (centre of pressure) time series the following indices were computed: range, variability, velocity and area of COP shifts. There were 2 sessions of the research: one just before and the second just after 5-month lasting specific posture control training based on the original exercise program.Results: The results revealed...
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Wroclaw University of Technology, 2010
The frequency of corrective signal (the centre of corrective (COC) signal), which is the decompos... more The frequency of corrective signal (the centre of corrective (COC) signal), which is the decomposition of COP (centre of pressure) and estimated COM (centre of mass) time series, is one of the indicators reflecting the quality of postural control during stance. Young children, in the period of intensive development, gradually improve the quality of postural control in a daily life. The purpose of this paper was to describe the time series of corrective centre of foot pressure repeatability in young children aged between 2 and 7 during body stability in natural stance position. 272 healthy children aged between 2 and 7 were divided into 6 age groups. Two AccuSway force platforms were used (one foot of the subject was on one platform, the second foot, on the other). The COP trajectories were the basis for the calculation of the frequency stability indices in frontal and sagittal planes for the left leg and right leg separately. The COC signals were collected by the method based on the Kuczyński viscoelastic model. In order to assess the repeatability, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used between the 1st and the 2nd trials, the 2nd and the 3rd trials, and the 1st and the 3rd trials. The maturation of postural control system goes rather slowly in two youngest groups which showed the poor repeatability in COC frequency between the 2nd and the 3rd years of life. From the 4th to the 7th year of life the inter-session repeatability rapidly increases in three consecutive trials. Poor difference of frequency concordance was found between the left and right lower limbs. It is concluded that the frequency of corrective foot pressure is the reliable indicator of postural control for children aged between 4 and 7, but not for younger ones.