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Papers by Maciamo Hay

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of the Japanese people

The origins of the Japanese people is not entirely clear yet. It is common for Japanese people to... more The origins of the Japanese people is not entirely clear yet. It is common for Japanese people to think that Japan is not part of Asia since it is an island, cut off from the continent. This tells a lot about how they see themselves in relation to their neighbours. But in spite of what the Japanese may think of themselves, they do not have extraterrestrial origins, and are indeed related to several peoples in Asia.

We shall have to go back a long way through history and analyse in depth the genetics, culture and language of the archipelago and try to find out whether the Japanese are indeed unique, and in what way.

During the last Ice Age, which ended approximately 15,000 years ago, Japan was connected to the continent through several land bridges, notably one linking the Ryukyu Islands to Taiwan and Kyushu, one linking Kyushu to the Korean peninsula, and another one connecting Hokkaido to Sakhalin and the Siberian mainland. In fact, the Philippines and Indonesia were also connected to the Asian mainland. This allowed migrations from China and Austronesia towards Japan, about 35,000 years ago. These were the ancestors of the modern Ryukyuans (Okinawans), and the first inhabitants of all Japan.

The Ainu came from Siberia and settled in Hokkaido and Honshu some 15,000 years ago, just before the water levels started rising again. Nowadays the Ryukuyans, the Ainus and the Japanese are considered three ethnically separate groups. We will see why.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Y-chromosomal haplogroups are defined by gene-altering polymorphisms affecting fertility and reproductory success

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of the British and the Irish people

Eupedia, Jan 10, 2015

A long standing traditional cultural division exists between the Irish, the Welsh and the Highlan... more A long standing traditional cultural division exists between the Irish, the Welsh and the Highland Scots on one side, who are of Celtic heritage, and the English on the other side, who are of mixed Germanic, French, Celtic and even Roman ancestry. Until recently, no historian could really agree on on much influence the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans had had on the British and Irish gene pools, let alone agree on where the Celts came from before that. Were the Celts descended from Bronze or Iron Age invaders from the Continent ? Were they the direct descendants of the Neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge, or even of the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who recolonised northern Europe at the end of the last glaciation 10,000 years ago ? Before the age of historical population genetics these questions were left to anyone's guess and speculations. The fast paced progress in genetic sequencing have shed a new light on our prehistory and it is now possible to answer all those questions with a great degree of certainty. This page attempts to retrace the origins of the British and Irish people through the analyses of their genetic markers using Y-chromosomal (Y-DNA) haplogroups, which are passed on nearly unaltered from father to son, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited only from one's mother, and complete genomic studies looking at all the chromosomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of Spain and Portugal

A look into the genes of Spanish and Portuguese people using Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial and aut... more A look into the genes of Spanish and Portuguese people using Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial and autosomal DNA.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic History of the Italians

Y-chromosomal DNA by Maciamo Hay

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup N1c (Y-DNA)

Eupedia

Haplogroup N1c is the main paternal lineage of Uralic speakers in Europe.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup G2a (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)

A paternal lineage associated with Nordic Europeans, the Germanic migrations and the Vikings.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J1 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup J1 is a Middle Eastern paternal lineage which underwent a first expansion around the M... more Haplogroup J1 is a Middle Eastern paternal lineage which underwent a first expansion around the Mediterranean basin and the Red Sea region during the Neolithic, and a second major re-expansion from the Arabian peninsula with the diffusion of Islam.

Mitochondrial DNA by Maciamo Hay

Research paper thumbnail of Origins & History of Haplogroup X (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins & History of Haplogroup U4 (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Mitochondrial haplogroup HV is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage associated with the diffusion of... more Mitochondrial haplogroup HV is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage associated with the diffusion of agriculture. Its largest subclade, HV1 correlates with the diffusion of Y-DNA haplogroup T during the Neolithic period.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroups N1a & I (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of the Japanese people

The origins of the Japanese people is not entirely clear yet. It is common for Japanese people to... more The origins of the Japanese people is not entirely clear yet. It is common for Japanese people to think that Japan is not part of Asia since it is an island, cut off from the continent. This tells a lot about how they see themselves in relation to their neighbours. But in spite of what the Japanese may think of themselves, they do not have extraterrestrial origins, and are indeed related to several peoples in Asia.

We shall have to go back a long way through history and analyse in depth the genetics, culture and language of the archipelago and try to find out whether the Japanese are indeed unique, and in what way.

During the last Ice Age, which ended approximately 15,000 years ago, Japan was connected to the continent through several land bridges, notably one linking the Ryukyu Islands to Taiwan and Kyushu, one linking Kyushu to the Korean peninsula, and another one connecting Hokkaido to Sakhalin and the Siberian mainland. In fact, the Philippines and Indonesia were also connected to the Asian mainland. This allowed migrations from China and Austronesia towards Japan, about 35,000 years ago. These were the ancestors of the modern Ryukyuans (Okinawans), and the first inhabitants of all Japan.

The Ainu came from Siberia and settled in Hokkaido and Honshu some 15,000 years ago, just before the water levels started rising again. Nowadays the Ryukuyans, the Ainus and the Japanese are considered three ethnically separate groups. We will see why.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Y-chromosomal haplogroups are defined by gene-altering polymorphisms affecting fertility and reproductory success

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of the British and the Irish people

Eupedia, Jan 10, 2015

A long standing traditional cultural division exists between the Irish, the Welsh and the Highlan... more A long standing traditional cultural division exists between the Irish, the Welsh and the Highland Scots on one side, who are of Celtic heritage, and the English on the other side, who are of mixed Germanic, French, Celtic and even Roman ancestry. Until recently, no historian could really agree on on much influence the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans had had on the British and Irish gene pools, let alone agree on where the Celts came from before that. Were the Celts descended from Bronze or Iron Age invaders from the Continent ? Were they the direct descendants of the Neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge, or even of the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who recolonised northern Europe at the end of the last glaciation 10,000 years ago ? Before the age of historical population genetics these questions were left to anyone's guess and speculations. The fast paced progress in genetic sequencing have shed a new light on our prehistory and it is now possible to answer all those questions with a great degree of certainty. This page attempts to retrace the origins of the British and Irish people through the analyses of their genetic markers using Y-chromosomal (Y-DNA) haplogroups, which are passed on nearly unaltered from father to son, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited only from one's mother, and complete genomic studies looking at all the chromosomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic history of Spain and Portugal

A look into the genes of Spanish and Portuguese people using Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial and aut... more A look into the genes of Spanish and Portuguese people using Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial and autosomal DNA.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic History of the Italians

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup N1c (Y-DNA)

Eupedia

Haplogroup N1c is the main paternal lineage of Uralic speakers in Europe.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup G2a (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)

A paternal lineage associated with Nordic Europeans, the Germanic migrations and the Vikings.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J1 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup J1 is a Middle Eastern paternal lineage which underwent a first expansion around the M... more Haplogroup J1 is a Middle Eastern paternal lineage which underwent a first expansion around the Mediterranean basin and the Red Sea region during the Neolithic, and a second major re-expansion from the Arabian peninsula with the diffusion of Islam.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins & History of Haplogroup X (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins & History of Haplogroup U4 (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Mitochondrial haplogroup HV is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage associated with the diffusion of... more Mitochondrial haplogroup HV is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage associated with the diffusion of agriculture. Its largest subclade, HV1 correlates with the diffusion of Y-DNA haplogroup T during the Neolithic period.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroups N1a & I (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroups HV0 & V (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup K (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup T (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup U5 (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of Haplogroup W (mtDNA)

Research paper thumbnail of Mutations in Coenzyme Q gene define most major mtDNA haplogroups

Research paper thumbnail of Origins and history of haplogroup U3 (mtDNA)

Eupedia, Sep 22, 2014

Mitochondrial haplogroup U3 is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage with a late expansion (Copper Ag... more Mitochondrial haplogroup U3 is a Middle Eastern maternal lineage with a late expansion (Copper Age to Iron Age) and an association with Y-DNA haplogroups J1 and J2.

Research paper thumbnail of Origins & History of Haplogroup U2 (mtDNA)

Eupedia, Oct 2014

Mitochondrial haplogroup U2 is a very old maternal lineage associated with the Paleolithic Europe... more Mitochondrial haplogroup U2 is a very old maternal lineage associated with the Paleolithic Europeans and Central Asians. Nearly absent from Neolithic settlements, it appears to have been re-introduced in most of Europe by the Indo-European speakers from eastern Europe during the Bronze Age.