Madhusudan Reddy Narra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Madhusudan Reddy Narra

International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2012

ABSTRACT The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean b... more ABSTRACT The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being widely distributed along the Andhra Pradesh and some other parts of India. The crab is constantly exposed to pesticides, which are used extensively to control agricultural pests. Evaluation of toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on crab was carried out. Effect of 1/3 rd and 1/4 th LC 50 concentrations of chlorpyrifos was carried out in the sensitive organs such as nervous tissue, thoracic ganglia and eyestalk. Alterations in the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was carried out. The enzyme LDH was elevated throughout the experimented period and the SDH, ACP and ALP activity was inhibited along the experimental period at two sub-lethal concentrations.

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Oct 7, 2011

Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents ... more Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents were investigated along with the assessment of recovery response after cessation of intoxication. The fish, Clarias batrachus were exposed to 1.656 mg(-l) and 2.114 mg(-l) of CPF and MCP for 28 days. After 28 days, they were released in freshwater and allowed to recover for 21 days. The CPF exposure resulted in the decrease of carbohydrate and glycogen content, whereas MCP intoxication caused mixed response. Pyruvate and lactate contents were altered under the stress of CPF and MCP. Recovery of these alterations was observed after the cessation of toxicity. Exposure of C. batrachus to CPF and MCP resulted in decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney, liver and muscle but its activity increased in the gills. The CPF caused inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in all tissues. Induction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase was caused by both insecticides. Glycogen phosphorylase a was induced in all tissues, whereas glycogen phosphorylase ab showed both induction and inhibition. Of the two insecticides, CPF was more toxic and the recovery response was less. These results are important in the assessment of the risk caused by organophosphate insecticides on nontarget organisms, especially the food fish.

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 23, 2023

Neonicotinoid pesticides have occupied one-third of the world's insecticidal market in the last t... more Neonicotinoid pesticides have occupied one-third of the world's insecticidal market in the last two decades. Their mimicking effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin on the target-neurotransmission system (AChE) and digestive oxidative and antioxidant enzymes have been evaluated in Blatella germanica. The cockroach brain's AChE activity decreased through the exposure period. The P450 monooxygenase enzyme, which is involved in a xenobiotic breakdown in endogenous metabolism and has adapted to toxic chemicals, has increased over time. This phenomenon indicates that the P450 enzyme is coupled with insecticides through the detoxi cation process. The elevated SOD, CAT and LPO levels indicate an increase in the scavenging activity of free radicals to overcome the IMI and CLO-caused oxidative alterations. Increasing GST was conjugated with decreasing GSH in phase II bio-transformation reactions, resulting in a defence against the stress of intoxication. Besides, IMI and CLO instigated elevated oxidative stress, as proved by elevated hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme phosphatases (ALP and ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase activities evident that the cockroach counteracted to overcome the insecticidal stress. The present investigation elucidates the fact that resistance performance against the effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin baits, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, antioxidants, and a slight participation of esterase, has activated the detoxi cation system to metabolise endogenous insecticide architecture. Because of its chemical structure, clothianidin causes severe intoxication and less detoxi cation than imidacloprid.

Chemosphere, Feb 1, 2017

h i g h l i g h t s Toxicity and recuperation study of insecticides in food fish. Biomarkers of b... more h i g h l i g h t s Toxicity and recuperation study of insecticides in food fish. Biomarkers of blood and tissues related to oxidative damage. Results indicate high efficiency of depuration process.

International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2012

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a common organophosphorus pesticide, which is widely used as an agrochemical ... more Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a common organophosphorus pesticide, which is widely used as an agrochemical for pest control. It causes a serious stress in fresh water fauna. It is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the fresh water field crab Barytelphusa guerini. In this context, we investigated the influence of sub-acute dose of CPF and the duration of exposure on AChE inhibition and subsequent recovery. The effect was estimated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of CPF intoxication on AChE activity in sensitive tissues i.e., gills, muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue. CPF produced a significant long term inhibition of AChE activity in the crab. On 28th day of exposure the inhibition ranged between 54.2% and 71.2% in different tissues. The inhibition was significantly increased with increasing time and was found to be tissue specific. In the experimental period many behavioral changes such as loss of equilibrium, uncoordinated movement and increase in the levels of respiratory frequency were observed. In the second part, crabs were exposed to CPF for 28 days and then allowed a period of recovery in the clean water. The recovery animal's tissue samples were harvested at 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 days and AChE activity was estimated. Crabs transferred to toxicant free water recovered the AChE activity in all the affected tissues up to 95 to 97% of control levels by the end of recovery period.

Chemosphere, Aug 1, 2015

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, Oct 1, 2011

In vivo toxicity of monocrotophos on key metabolites and enzymes of the protein metabolism was in... more In vivo toxicity of monocrotophos on key metabolites and enzymes of the protein metabolism was investigated in important tissues of the freshwater fi sh Clarias batrachus. Fish were exposed to 1/10 and 1/20 of LC 50 concentration for 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, some fi sh were transferred to monocrotophos-free water and kept in the same for 21 days (recovery period) in order to study the recovery response. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in gill, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues, and recovery was slight at the end of 21 days of transfer of fi sh into freshwater. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, transaminase, and phosphatase enzymes were elevated in all tissues during 28 days of exposure and at both concentrations. Recovery of the activity of enzymes was more signifi cant at the lower concentration as compared to the higher concentration.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, Aug 1, 2013

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, Sep 1, 2011

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological im... more The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Aquaculture Nutrition, Jun 26, 2014

The amelioration effect of balanced diet with supplementation of vitamin C against stress was eva... more The amelioration effect of balanced diet with supplementation of vitamin C against stress was evaluated in freshwater paddy field fish, Clarias batrachus, exposed to organophosphate insecticide, monocrotophos (MCP). Three groups of fishes, that is, (E 0) Control, (E 1) MCP (2.14 mg L À1) exposure and E 2) Vitamin C, MCP (0.2 g kg À1 body weight + 2.144 mg L À1) were selected for the sublethal study. The effect of MCP on protein metabolism in physiological sensitive tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver and muscle of the fish has been determined. Stress on Clarias batrachus was evident that the total protein, amino acid and ammonia contents were decreased, and urea and glutamine levels were elevated in all tissues for 30 days. Similarly, the activities of protease, aminotransferases and phosphatases were elevated significantly in all the tissues during the same period. Fish fed with a diet supplemented by vitamin C (0.2 g kg À1 body weight) could significantly counter these effects.

Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 2013

The sublethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism w... more The sublethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism was investigated in most important tissues (gills, muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue) of freshwater edible crab, Barytelphusa guerini. The crabs were exposed to 0.07 mg/l (1/3 of LC50) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Subsequently, crabs were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 18 days in order to recovery study (3 days interval). Total protein content decreased whereas amino acids and ammonia increased in CPF exposed and maximum recovery was shown in cessation of intoxication. After cessation of intoxication recovery was observed. Urea content was decrease in all tissues and glutamine exhibited mixed response and recovery was highest in muscle. The activities of protease and aminotransferases were elevated in tissues for 28 days. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in hepatopancreas and nervous gangl...

Chemosphere, 2017

Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household practi... more Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household practices. It has resulted in a series of environmental and toxicological impacts on non-target aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the potential ameliorative effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) against dimethoate toxicity in the haematological and immune parameters in Clarias batrachus. The experiment included group A (basal diet), group B (basal diet with 1.245 mg L(-1) DM) and group C (200 mg kg(-1) AA with 1.245 mg L(-1) DM) were fed for 8 weeks. Samples were collected at the end of every week in each group and estimated haematological profile (red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit %, albumin and globulin levels), erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration), biochemical parameters (AA levels in blood and liver, total proteins, glucose, serum triglycerides, creatinine levels and glutamic oxaloacetate, glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GOT, GPT)) and immune responses (white blood cell count, serum IgM levels and activities of nitroblue tetrazolium, lysozyme and peroxidase) of the fish. Fish fed with ascorbic acid, showed red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte indices, albumin, globulin and serum triglycerides, creatinine, plasma total proteins, glucose levels are not differed (≤10%) from control. Likewise, ascorbic acid maintains optimal levels in activities of GOT, GPT, nitroblue tetrazolium, lysozyme and peroxidase, white blood cells and serum IgM levels. Further studies are needed to ascertain how ascorbic acid improves the innate and humoral immune system of the fish and the mechanisms involved.

Chemosphere, 2016

Pesticide mixtures are common in the streams of agricultural or urban catchments. Individual and ... more Pesticide mixtures are common in the streams of agricultural or urban catchments. Individual and cartel toxicity of four different pesticides, namely Endosulfan, Carbofuran, Methyl parathion and Cypermethrin were studied. Sub acute exposure (1/10th of LC50) for 1, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days in Clarias batrachus active tissues such as brain, gills, blood and liver were evaluated. Growth, hepatosomatic index and survival performance were decreased, inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, gills Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activities, and abnormal behavior are noticed. The characteristics of the blood respiratory burst activity, erythrocyte count, contents of hematocrit and hemoglobin are dwindled. Plasma total proteins and liver glycogen decreased whereas blood glucose and serum creatinine, triglycerides are elevated. The immunological attributes such as white blood cell count was elevated, whereas albumin, globulins and lysozyme activity significantly decreased. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and lipid peroxidation levels are elevated, whereas glutathione peroxidase and glutathione are reduced. Toxicity effect of pesticides reached to a crest on 30th day and showed a descent thereafter except in endosulfan which mounted its detrimental effect throughout the experimental period. Toxicity trends of the present study are determined to be highest in Mix group followed by cypermethrin, methyl parathion and carbofuran. Indiscriminate application of these chemicals pose a toxic threat to non-target organisms, damage the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.

The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being wide... more The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being widely distributed along the Andhra Pradesh and some other parts of India. The crab is constantly exposed to pesticides, which are used extensively to control agricultural pests. Evaluation of toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on crab was carried out. Effect of 1/3 rd and 1/4 th LC 50 concentrations of chlorpyrifos was carried out in the sensitive organs such as nervous tissue, thoracic ganglia and eyestalk. Alterations in the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was carried out. The enzyme LDH was elevated throughout the experimented period and the SDH, ACP and ALP activity was inhibited along the experimental period at two sub-lethal concentrations.

Chemosphere, Jan 2, 2015

The study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of chlorpyrifos and protective role of ... more The study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of chlorpyrifos and protective role of vitamin C in tissues of Clarias batrachus. Treatments include E1 group (basal diet plus 1.65mgL(-1) CPF) and E2 group (basal diet+200mgkg body weight vitamin C and 1.65mgL(-1) CPF) along with a control group of fishes (fed on basal diet only). After 1, 7, 15, and 30d of treatment, fish tissues (brain, blood and liver) were used for the estimation of growth, biochemical and haematological parameters. The results of E1 group indicated significantly lower weight gain and survival rate. Brain AChE activity was inhibited. The RBC, Hb, respiratory burst activity, total protein and HSI were also reduced whereas WBC count, plasma glucose and haematocrit were elevated. In contrast, liver glycogen content, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were inhibited and malate dehydrogenase, aspartate, alanine amino transferase were enhanced. The E2 group of fish exhibited signif...

Toxicology and industrial health, 2012

Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents ... more Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents were investigated along with the assessment of recovery response after cessation of intoxication. The fish, Clarias batrachus were exposed to 1.656 mg(-l) and 2.114 mg(-l) of CPF and MCP for 28 days. After 28 days, they were released in freshwater and allowed to recover for 21 days. The CPF exposure resulted in the decrease of carbohydrate and glycogen content, whereas MCP intoxication caused mixed response. Pyruvate and lactate contents were altered under the stress of CPF and MCP. Recovery of these alterations was observed after the cessation of toxicity. Exposure of C. batrachus to CPF and MCP resulted in decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney, liver and muscle but its activity increased in the gills. The CPF caused inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in all tissues. Induction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase was caused by both insecticides. Glycogen...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2011

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological im... more The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96 h LC 50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study the recovery. Fish were sacrificed at the stipulated periods and gills, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were used for the estimation of total protein, amino acids, ammonia, urea, glutamine, protease, transaminases, and phosphatases. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in all tissues for 28 days and recovery was observed during the recovery period. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were elevated in the tissues for 28 days exposure at both concentrations. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2012

ABSTRACT The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean b... more ABSTRACT The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being widely distributed along the Andhra Pradesh and some other parts of India. The crab is constantly exposed to pesticides, which are used extensively to control agricultural pests. Evaluation of toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on crab was carried out. Effect of 1/3 rd and 1/4 th LC 50 concentrations of chlorpyrifos was carried out in the sensitive organs such as nervous tissue, thoracic ganglia and eyestalk. Alterations in the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was carried out. The enzyme LDH was elevated throughout the experimented period and the SDH, ACP and ALP activity was inhibited along the experimental period at two sub-lethal concentrations.

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Oct 7, 2011

Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents ... more Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents were investigated along with the assessment of recovery response after cessation of intoxication. The fish, Clarias batrachus were exposed to 1.656 mg(-l) and 2.114 mg(-l) of CPF and MCP for 28 days. After 28 days, they were released in freshwater and allowed to recover for 21 days. The CPF exposure resulted in the decrease of carbohydrate and glycogen content, whereas MCP intoxication caused mixed response. Pyruvate and lactate contents were altered under the stress of CPF and MCP. Recovery of these alterations was observed after the cessation of toxicity. Exposure of C. batrachus to CPF and MCP resulted in decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney, liver and muscle but its activity increased in the gills. The CPF caused inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in all tissues. Induction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase was caused by both insecticides. Glycogen phosphorylase a was induced in all tissues, whereas glycogen phosphorylase ab showed both induction and inhibition. Of the two insecticides, CPF was more toxic and the recovery response was less. These results are important in the assessment of the risk caused by organophosphate insecticides on nontarget organisms, especially the food fish.

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 23, 2023

Neonicotinoid pesticides have occupied one-third of the world's insecticidal market in the last t... more Neonicotinoid pesticides have occupied one-third of the world's insecticidal market in the last two decades. Their mimicking effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin on the target-neurotransmission system (AChE) and digestive oxidative and antioxidant enzymes have been evaluated in Blatella germanica. The cockroach brain's AChE activity decreased through the exposure period. The P450 monooxygenase enzyme, which is involved in a xenobiotic breakdown in endogenous metabolism and has adapted to toxic chemicals, has increased over time. This phenomenon indicates that the P450 enzyme is coupled with insecticides through the detoxi cation process. The elevated SOD, CAT and LPO levels indicate an increase in the scavenging activity of free radicals to overcome the IMI and CLO-caused oxidative alterations. Increasing GST was conjugated with decreasing GSH in phase II bio-transformation reactions, resulting in a defence against the stress of intoxication. Besides, IMI and CLO instigated elevated oxidative stress, as proved by elevated hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme phosphatases (ALP and ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase activities evident that the cockroach counteracted to overcome the insecticidal stress. The present investigation elucidates the fact that resistance performance against the effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin baits, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, antioxidants, and a slight participation of esterase, has activated the detoxi cation system to metabolise endogenous insecticide architecture. Because of its chemical structure, clothianidin causes severe intoxication and less detoxi cation than imidacloprid.

Chemosphere, Feb 1, 2017

h i g h l i g h t s Toxicity and recuperation study of insecticides in food fish. Biomarkers of b... more h i g h l i g h t s Toxicity and recuperation study of insecticides in food fish. Biomarkers of blood and tissues related to oxidative damage. Results indicate high efficiency of depuration process.

International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2012

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a common organophosphorus pesticide, which is widely used as an agrochemical ... more Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a common organophosphorus pesticide, which is widely used as an agrochemical for pest control. It causes a serious stress in fresh water fauna. It is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the fresh water field crab Barytelphusa guerini. In this context, we investigated the influence of sub-acute dose of CPF and the duration of exposure on AChE inhibition and subsequent recovery. The effect was estimated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of CPF intoxication on AChE activity in sensitive tissues i.e., gills, muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue. CPF produced a significant long term inhibition of AChE activity in the crab. On 28th day of exposure the inhibition ranged between 54.2% and 71.2% in different tissues. The inhibition was significantly increased with increasing time and was found to be tissue specific. In the experimental period many behavioral changes such as loss of equilibrium, uncoordinated movement and increase in the levels of respiratory frequency were observed. In the second part, crabs were exposed to CPF for 28 days and then allowed a period of recovery in the clean water. The recovery animal's tissue samples were harvested at 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 days and AChE activity was estimated. Crabs transferred to toxicant free water recovered the AChE activity in all the affected tissues up to 95 to 97% of control levels by the end of recovery period.

Chemosphere, Aug 1, 2015

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, Oct 1, 2011

In vivo toxicity of monocrotophos on key metabolites and enzymes of the protein metabolism was in... more In vivo toxicity of monocrotophos on key metabolites and enzymes of the protein metabolism was investigated in important tissues of the freshwater fi sh Clarias batrachus. Fish were exposed to 1/10 and 1/20 of LC 50 concentration for 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, some fi sh were transferred to monocrotophos-free water and kept in the same for 21 days (recovery period) in order to study the recovery response. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in gill, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues, and recovery was slight at the end of 21 days of transfer of fi sh into freshwater. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, transaminase, and phosphatase enzymes were elevated in all tissues during 28 days of exposure and at both concentrations. Recovery of the activity of enzymes was more signifi cant at the lower concentration as compared to the higher concentration.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, Aug 1, 2013

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, Sep 1, 2011

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological im... more The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Aquaculture Nutrition, Jun 26, 2014

The amelioration effect of balanced diet with supplementation of vitamin C against stress was eva... more The amelioration effect of balanced diet with supplementation of vitamin C against stress was evaluated in freshwater paddy field fish, Clarias batrachus, exposed to organophosphate insecticide, monocrotophos (MCP). Three groups of fishes, that is, (E 0) Control, (E 1) MCP (2.14 mg L À1) exposure and E 2) Vitamin C, MCP (0.2 g kg À1 body weight + 2.144 mg L À1) were selected for the sublethal study. The effect of MCP on protein metabolism in physiological sensitive tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver and muscle of the fish has been determined. Stress on Clarias batrachus was evident that the total protein, amino acid and ammonia contents were decreased, and urea and glutamine levels were elevated in all tissues for 30 days. Similarly, the activities of protease, aminotransferases and phosphatases were elevated significantly in all the tissues during the same period. Fish fed with a diet supplemented by vitamin C (0.2 g kg À1 body weight) could significantly counter these effects.

Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 2013

The sublethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism w... more The sublethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism was investigated in most important tissues (gills, muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue) of freshwater edible crab, Barytelphusa guerini. The crabs were exposed to 0.07 mg/l (1/3 of LC50) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Subsequently, crabs were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 18 days in order to recovery study (3 days interval). Total protein content decreased whereas amino acids and ammonia increased in CPF exposed and maximum recovery was shown in cessation of intoxication. After cessation of intoxication recovery was observed. Urea content was decrease in all tissues and glutamine exhibited mixed response and recovery was highest in muscle. The activities of protease and aminotransferases were elevated in tissues for 28 days. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in hepatopancreas and nervous gangl...

Chemosphere, 2017

Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household practi... more Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household practices. It has resulted in a series of environmental and toxicological impacts on non-target aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the potential ameliorative effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) against dimethoate toxicity in the haematological and immune parameters in Clarias batrachus. The experiment included group A (basal diet), group B (basal diet with 1.245 mg L(-1) DM) and group C (200 mg kg(-1) AA with 1.245 mg L(-1) DM) were fed for 8 weeks. Samples were collected at the end of every week in each group and estimated haematological profile (red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit %, albumin and globulin levels), erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration), biochemical parameters (AA levels in blood and liver, total proteins, glucose, serum triglycerides, creatinine levels and glutamic oxaloacetate, glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GOT, GPT)) and immune responses (white blood cell count, serum IgM levels and activities of nitroblue tetrazolium, lysozyme and peroxidase) of the fish. Fish fed with ascorbic acid, showed red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte indices, albumin, globulin and serum triglycerides, creatinine, plasma total proteins, glucose levels are not differed (≤10%) from control. Likewise, ascorbic acid maintains optimal levels in activities of GOT, GPT, nitroblue tetrazolium, lysozyme and peroxidase, white blood cells and serum IgM levels. Further studies are needed to ascertain how ascorbic acid improves the innate and humoral immune system of the fish and the mechanisms involved.

Chemosphere, 2016

Pesticide mixtures are common in the streams of agricultural or urban catchments. Individual and ... more Pesticide mixtures are common in the streams of agricultural or urban catchments. Individual and cartel toxicity of four different pesticides, namely Endosulfan, Carbofuran, Methyl parathion and Cypermethrin were studied. Sub acute exposure (1/10th of LC50) for 1, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days in Clarias batrachus active tissues such as brain, gills, blood and liver were evaluated. Growth, hepatosomatic index and survival performance were decreased, inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, gills Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activities, and abnormal behavior are noticed. The characteristics of the blood respiratory burst activity, erythrocyte count, contents of hematocrit and hemoglobin are dwindled. Plasma total proteins and liver glycogen decreased whereas blood glucose and serum creatinine, triglycerides are elevated. The immunological attributes such as white blood cell count was elevated, whereas albumin, globulins and lysozyme activity significantly decreased. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and lipid peroxidation levels are elevated, whereas glutathione peroxidase and glutathione are reduced. Toxicity effect of pesticides reached to a crest on 30th day and showed a descent thereafter except in endosulfan which mounted its detrimental effect throughout the experimental period. Toxicity trends of the present study are determined to be highest in Mix group followed by cypermethrin, methyl parathion and carbofuran. Indiscriminate application of these chemicals pose a toxic threat to non-target organisms, damage the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.

The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being wide... more The fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini is an important commercial crustacean being widely distributed along the Andhra Pradesh and some other parts of India. The crab is constantly exposed to pesticides, which are used extensively to control agricultural pests. Evaluation of toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on crab was carried out. Effect of 1/3 rd and 1/4 th LC 50 concentrations of chlorpyrifos was carried out in the sensitive organs such as nervous tissue, thoracic ganglia and eyestalk. Alterations in the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was carried out. The enzyme LDH was elevated throughout the experimented period and the SDH, ACP and ALP activity was inhibited along the experimental period at two sub-lethal concentrations.

Chemosphere, Jan 2, 2015

The study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of chlorpyrifos and protective role of ... more The study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of chlorpyrifos and protective role of vitamin C in tissues of Clarias batrachus. Treatments include E1 group (basal diet plus 1.65mgL(-1) CPF) and E2 group (basal diet+200mgkg body weight vitamin C and 1.65mgL(-1) CPF) along with a control group of fishes (fed on basal diet only). After 1, 7, 15, and 30d of treatment, fish tissues (brain, blood and liver) were used for the estimation of growth, biochemical and haematological parameters. The results of E1 group indicated significantly lower weight gain and survival rate. Brain AChE activity was inhibited. The RBC, Hb, respiratory burst activity, total protein and HSI were also reduced whereas WBC count, plasma glucose and haematocrit were elevated. In contrast, liver glycogen content, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were inhibited and malate dehydrogenase, aspartate, alanine amino transferase were enhanced. The E2 group of fish exhibited signif...

Toxicology and industrial health, 2012

Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents ... more Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents were investigated along with the assessment of recovery response after cessation of intoxication. The fish, Clarias batrachus were exposed to 1.656 mg(-l) and 2.114 mg(-l) of CPF and MCP for 28 days. After 28 days, they were released in freshwater and allowed to recover for 21 days. The CPF exposure resulted in the decrease of carbohydrate and glycogen content, whereas MCP intoxication caused mixed response. Pyruvate and lactate contents were altered under the stress of CPF and MCP. Recovery of these alterations was observed after the cessation of toxicity. Exposure of C. batrachus to CPF and MCP resulted in decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney, liver and muscle but its activity increased in the gills. The CPF caused inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in all tissues. Induction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase was caused by both insecticides. Glycogen...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2011

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological im... more The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96 h LC 50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study the recovery. Fish were sacrificed at the stipulated periods and gills, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were used for the estimation of total protein, amino acids, ammonia, urea, glutamine, protease, transaminases, and phosphatases. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in all tissues for 28 days and recovery was observed during the recovery period. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were elevated in the tissues for 28 days exposure at both concentrations. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014

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