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Today, pervious concrete is one of the best materials used in sustainable drainage system. Due to... more Today, pervious concrete is one of the best materials used in sustainable drainage system. Due to the limitations of raw materials, the use of waste materials in concrete is able to reduce the negative impacts of concrete towards the environment. Therefore, this study presents the development of a sustainable lightweight pervious concrete by replacing natural coarse aggregate sized 6.30–9.50 mm with waste material from palm oil industry sized 4.75–6.30 mm and 6.30–9.50 mm. For this purpose, limestone was partially replaced (from 25 to 75% by mass) with oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) to produce sustainable lightweight pervious concrete. Properties, including both fresh and hardened density and void content, compressive and tensile strength as well as permeability were discussed. The results indicated that it is possible to produce sustainable lightweight pervious concrete by incorporating lightweight waste material from the palm oil industry. Results also showed that the kind of concrete produced is suitable for use in light traffic roads and parking lots. Furthermore, in this research, pervious concrete containing the OPKS showed high water permeability, which varies from 4 to 16 mm/s, in addition to acceptable compressive strength, ranging from 6 to 12 MPa.
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Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Comp... more Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the concrete are determined. Pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and micro-structural tests are performed. Relationship between mechanical properties and pulse velocity is discussed. a b s t r a c t Malaysia produces about 8.5 million tons of coal ash as waste which comprises of bottom ash and fly ash. Reusing such waste which is otherwise sent to landfills is an environment-friendly option. Hence, the major aim of this research study was to investigate their use in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash. Concrete specimens were prepared incorporating 0, 20, 50, 75 and 100% of bottom ash replacing sand and 20% of coal fly ash by mass, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland cement. Fresh and hardened state properties of the experimental specimens were determined. Results revealed that concrete workability reduced when bottom ash content increased replacing sand. On the other hand, at the early age of 28 d, no significant effect was observed in compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of all concrete samples. After curing at 91 and 180 d ages, compressive strength of both the experimental and control concrete samples increased significantly but remained almost similar. However, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of the experimental mix containing 75% bottom ash and 20% fly ash exceeded much more than the control sample. Moreover, drying-shrinkage of experimental concrete mixtures containing 50%, 75% and 100% bottom ash and 20% fly ash was lower than the control mix. It is concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, sub-bases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
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Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Comp... more Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the concrete are determined. Pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and micro-structural tests are performed. Relationship between mechanical properties and pulse velocity is discussed. a b s t r a c t Malaysia produces about 8.5 million tons of coal ash as waste which comprises of bottom ash and fly ash. Reusing such waste which is otherwise sent to landfills is an environment-friendly option. Hence, the major aim of this research study was to investigate their use in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash. Concrete specimens were prepared incorporating 0, 20, 50, 75 and 100% of bottom ash replacing sand and 20% of coal fly ash by mass, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland cement. Fresh and hardened state properties of the experimental specimens were determined. Results revealed that concrete workability reduced when bottom ash content increased replacing sand. On the other hand, at the early age of 28 d, no significant effect was observed in compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of all concrete samples. After curing at 91 and 180 d ages, compressive strength of both the experimental and control concrete samples increased significantly but remained almost similar. However, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of the experimental mix containing 75% bottom ash and 20% fly ash exceeded much more than the control sample. Moreover, drying-shrinkage of experimental concrete mixtures containing 50%, 75% and 100% bottom ash and 20% fly ash was lower than the control mix. It is concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, sub-bases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
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Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
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This article discusses the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in normal and geopolymer concr... more This article discusses the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in normal and geopolymer concrete. Malaysia, one of the world's largest producers of palm oil, produces more than 10 Mt/year of palm waste as ash, which is called POFA. Since 1989, extensive research has been conducted on its utilization in concrete. Several published studies have noted POFA's enormous potential as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. This paper describes the effects of using POFA on different fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The latest studies on the use of ground POFA revealed that concrete made from this material possesses better fresh properties and medium to higher strength than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. One of the major findings is that concrete that incorporates 20% fine POFA by weight of cement showed better durability properties than OPC concrete. Because limiting CO 2 emissions has become a matter of increasing importance in the construction industry, concrete that uses less cement in its production and utilizes an increased amount of waste, such as POFA, offers an environmentally viable solution. Moreover, 100% cement-free geopolymer concrete can be produced using blended ash, such as POFA and fly ash.
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Today, pervious concrete is one of the best materials used in sustainable drainage system. Due to... more Today, pervious concrete is one of the best materials used in sustainable drainage system. Due to the limitations of raw materials, the use of waste materials in concrete is able to reduce the negative impacts of concrete towards the environment. Therefore, this study presents the development of a sustainable lightweight pervious concrete by replacing natural coarse aggregate sized 6.30–9.50 mm with waste material from palm oil industry sized 4.75–6.30 mm and 6.30–9.50 mm. For this purpose, limestone was partially replaced (from 25 to 75% by mass) with oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) to produce sustainable lightweight pervious concrete. Properties, including both fresh and hardened density and void content, compressive and tensile strength as well as permeability were discussed. The results indicated that it is possible to produce sustainable lightweight pervious concrete by incorporating lightweight waste material from the palm oil industry. Results also showed that the kind of concrete produced is suitable for use in light traffic roads and parking lots. Furthermore, in this research, pervious concrete containing the OPKS showed high water permeability, which varies from 4 to 16 mm/s, in addition to acceptable compressive strength, ranging from 6 to 12 MPa.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Comp... more Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the concrete are determined. Pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and micro-structural tests are performed. Relationship between mechanical properties and pulse velocity is discussed. a b s t r a c t Malaysia produces about 8.5 million tons of coal ash as waste which comprises of bottom ash and fly ash. Reusing such waste which is otherwise sent to landfills is an environment-friendly option. Hence, the major aim of this research study was to investigate their use in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash. Concrete specimens were prepared incorporating 0, 20, 50, 75 and 100% of bottom ash replacing sand and 20% of coal fly ash by mass, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland cement. Fresh and hardened state properties of the experimental specimens were determined. Results revealed that concrete workability reduced when bottom ash content increased replacing sand. On the other hand, at the early age of 28 d, no significant effect was observed in compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of all concrete samples. After curing at 91 and 180 d ages, compressive strength of both the experimental and control concrete samples increased significantly but remained almost similar. However, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of the experimental mix containing 75% bottom ash and 20% fly ash exceeded much more than the control sample. Moreover, drying-shrinkage of experimental concrete mixtures containing 50%, 75% and 100% bottom ash and 20% fly ash was lower than the control mix. It is concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, sub-bases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
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Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Comp... more Concrete with bottom ash and fly ash added as replacement for sand and cement, respectively. Compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the concrete are determined. Pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and micro-structural tests are performed. Relationship between mechanical properties and pulse velocity is discussed. a b s t r a c t Malaysia produces about 8.5 million tons of coal ash as waste which comprises of bottom ash and fly ash. Reusing such waste which is otherwise sent to landfills is an environment-friendly option. Hence, the major aim of this research study was to investigate their use in concrete to replace sand with bottom ash waste and cement with fly ash. Concrete specimens were prepared incorporating 0, 20, 50, 75 and 100% of bottom ash replacing sand and 20% of coal fly ash by mass, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland cement. Fresh and hardened state properties of the experimental specimens were determined. Results revealed that concrete workability reduced when bottom ash content increased replacing sand. On the other hand, at the early age of 28 d, no significant effect was observed in compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of all concrete samples. After curing at 91 and 180 d ages, compressive strength of both the experimental and control concrete samples increased significantly but remained almost similar. However, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of the experimental mix containing 75% bottom ash and 20% fly ash exceeded much more than the control sample. Moreover, drying-shrinkage of experimental concrete mixtures containing 50%, 75% and 100% bottom ash and 20% fly ash was lower than the control mix. It is concluded that those experimental concrete mixes can be used in several structures (foundations, sub-bases, pavements, etc.) which will minimize the cost, energy and environmental problems to a great extent.
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Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
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This article discusses the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in normal and geopolymer concr... more This article discusses the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in normal and geopolymer concrete. Malaysia, one of the world's largest producers of palm oil, produces more than 10 Mt/year of palm waste as ash, which is called POFA. Since 1989, extensive research has been conducted on its utilization in concrete. Several published studies have noted POFA's enormous potential as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. This paper describes the effects of using POFA on different fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The latest studies on the use of ground POFA revealed that concrete made from this material possesses better fresh properties and medium to higher strength than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. One of the major findings is that concrete that incorporates 20% fine POFA by weight of cement showed better durability properties than OPC concrete. Because limiting CO 2 emissions has become a matter of increasing importance in the construction industry, concrete that uses less cement in its production and utilizes an increased amount of waste, such as POFA, offers an environmentally viable solution. Moreover, 100% cement-free geopolymer concrete can be produced using blended ash, such as POFA and fly ash.
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