Mahir Kanyılmaz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mahir Kanyılmaz

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, Jul 10, 2016

In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to examine the potential of replacing fish meal with... more In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to examine the potential of replacing fish meal with brewers yeast in practical diet of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Five isoproteic (37% CP) and isocaloric (3350 kcal/kg) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of brewers yeast. Fish meal protein was replaced by 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% of yeast. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial average weight of 0.56 g fish-1) in glass aquarium (65L). Fish were fed three times per day to apparent satiation for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and body composition of goldfish fry were determined. According to the results, weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER of fish fed the diet including yeast replaced 35% of the fish meal were better than those of fish fed the other diets. There were no significant differences in SR and HSI values among fish fed diets (p>0.05). However, CF among fish fed the experimental diets was significantly differ (p>0.05). Whole body composition was similar among fish fed different diets. The optimal replacement level of fishmeal protein by brewers yeast was determined by second-order polynomial regression to be (y= 2, 2237-0,0004x 2 + 0,0279x; R² = 0,9977) 34.875%, on the basis of SGR.

Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of zeolites on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) rem... more This study was conducted to determine the effects of zeolites on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal during a 24-hour-sea bass transport. Five experimental treatments (0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40 g/l zeolite) with 3 replications were applied in 14 l plastic tanks. 90 sea bass (total weight 175.07 ± 0.49 g) were stocked in each tank. The zeolites were placed in mesh bags and renewed 8 and 16 hours (h) after the commencement of transfer. TAN contents of tank waters were measured after 8, 16 and 24 h. The results revealed that at the 8th h, 20, 30 and 40 g/l zeolite doses were significantly effective compared with the control. At the 16th and 24th h the lowest zeolite level (10 g/l) was also effective in TAN removal. In general highest TAN removal was achieved with 40 g/l treatment with efficiencies of 18.33%, 34.08% and 20.96% at the 8th, 16th and 24th h respectively. Overall, the results suggest that the use of zeolite in sea bass transportation could bring remarkable benefits an...

Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 2009

Hazelnut meal was evaluated as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in diets for rainbow tro... more Hazelnut meal was evaluated as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial wt 57.5±0.1 g). Hazelnut meal was incorporated in the diet at levels of 0% (control), 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30%. Diets were tested in triplicate for ten weeks. Higher levels of hazelnut meal produced better growth performance, that was sig- nificantly higher in fish fed 30% hazelnut meal than in the control (p<0.05). Feed utilization and protein efficiency ratios followed a similar trend while the level of hazelnut meal did not significantly affect whole body composi- tion. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy of fish fed hazelnut meal at all levels was significantly lower than in fish fed the control (p<0.05). Crude and digestible protein, as well as energy retention, were significant- ly correlated with hazelnut meal level. Nevertheless, energy retention declined in fish fed 30% hazelnut meal. Based on growth performance and nutrient re...

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2017

The efficacy of clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and benzocaine was tested on captive-bred European ca... more The efficacy of clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and benzocaine was tested on captive-bred European catfish (wels), Silurus glanis L., 1758 in this study. According to effectiveness criteria, the most optimal implementation results were obtained from 100 μl L (induction 69.00±6.48 s and recovery 253.86±14.78 s) clove oil, 1000 μl L (induction 88.71±8.50 s and recovery 201.43±12.19 s) PE, and 100 μl L (induction 103.00±6.90 s and recovery 215.71±19.99 s) benzocaine. The concentration of anesthetics agent used directly affected the onset of each physiological respond (p<0.05). The relationship between doses and induction times was inverse exponential, in spite of that an exponential relationship was confirmed between doses and recovery times for all anesthetics. In conclusion, all these three anesthetics can be effectively used for wels.

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2016

A B S T R A C T The present study aimed to determine reproductive performance of a newly describe... more A B S T R A C T The present study aimed to determine reproductive performance of a newly described Salmo species, Salmo kottelati (Alakir trout), under culture conditions. With this purpose, hatching performance of 10 selected females was evaluated by fertilizing with pooled sperm from 10 males. For determination of sperm characteristics, 10 males were randomly selected, stripped and their milt samples were individually taken. Average fertilization rate, eyed-egg rate and hatching rate were found as 88.3%, 81.9% and 65.2% respectively. Sperm characteristics such as volume per fish (mL), pH, concentration (per mL), motility (%) and duration of motility (second) were 2.60, 7.6, 21.2×109, 78.2 and 56.6 respectively. The study results and scientific observations regarding reproductive performance suggest that S. kottelati can be considered a candidate species for aquaculture.

Aquaculture Research, 2021

Aquacultural Engineering, 2021

Abstract Two cultured catfish species (European catfish Silurus glanis, and African catfish Clari... more Abstract Two cultured catfish species (European catfish Silurus glanis, and African catfish Clarias gariepinus) were evaluated for their weight estimation and colors by image analysis. A total of 60 whole fish from each species were first weighed, and then their pictures taken by a digital camera in a light box. Length, weight and color of all fish were determined by image analysis and results were compared between the two fish. Fish weight ranged from 7.4 to 39.61 g and 25.71 to 93.91 g for European and African catfish, respectively. Weight (W) vs length (L) data were fitted linear (W = A + BL), power (W = A LB) and second order polynomial equations (W = C0 + C1 L + C2 L2). The R2 values ranged from 0.835 to 0.974. For the W vs view area (V) relationship, the same equations were used. The R2 values for these equations ranged from 0.927 to 0.972. No significant difference was found between the average color values according to the L*, a* and b* distributions for both fish species (P > .05). Image analysis can easily determine length, view area, and color of fish and help in developing W vs L, and W vs V relationships.

Turkish Journal of Bioethics, 2020

Covid-19 pandemisinin küresel etkileri insanoğlunun normalini bozmuştur. Bu olağanüstü rutinden u... more Covid-19 pandemisinin küresel etkileri insanoğlunun normalini bozmuştur. Bu olağanüstü rutinden uzaklaşma döneminde; tarım ve gıda sektörü oldukça hassas ve stratejik bir konuma ulaşmıştır. Güvenli gıda üretimi ve tüketiminin sağlanması için üreticiden tüketiciye uzanan tedarik zincirinin aksamaması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Tarım ve gıda sektöründe Covid-19'un etkileri; hastalık ve bulaşma riskini en az seviyede tutabilmek adına uygulanan hijyen ve sanitasyon kurallarının arttırılması sonucunda pazar talebinin düşmesiyle kendini göstermiştir. Tarımın sularda yürütülen kısmını oluşturan su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği ve hatta avcılığı da bu küresel krizden doğrudan zarar görmüştür. Sağlıklı olmak ve yaşamsal faaliyetleri devam ettirmek için tüketime sunulan gıda maddeleri arasında biyolojik değeri yüksek protein ve yağ içeren sucul hayvansal organizmaların birincil düzeyde önem taşıyan stratejik ürünler oldukları bilimsel olarak ispatlanmıştır. Artan dünya nüfusunun nitelikli besin kaynağına erişiminin sınırlandırılmasının yaratacağı katastrofik etkiler göz önüne alınarak su ürünleri üretiminin sürdürülebilirliğinin tarım sektörü içinde bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınarak geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Covid-19 süreci insanlığa gıda etiği ve güvencesinin ancak sorumlu yetiştiricilik uygulamaları ile mümkün olabileceğini öğretmiştir. Bu derleme ile Covid-19 salgınının su ürünleri alanına olan etkileri küresel ve yerel kaynaklardan edinilen bilgiler ve öngörülerimiz çerçevesinde sunulmuştur.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 2020

Free amino acids are found in spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Their qualitative and quantitative ... more Free amino acids are found in spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Their qualitative and quantitative presence have been affected by many factors. Under in vitro storage conditions, their effects on spermatozoa in animal species and also human have been concerned over the last decades. In this study, the effects of tryptophan, phenylalanine and cysteine on DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, viability and motility parameters in spermatozoa of the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) were assessed during short-term storage. Spermatozoa were incubated at 1, 5, 25, and 50 mM of these amino acids in vitro at 4 °C in a time-dependent manner (6, 24, and 48 h). The supplementation of cysteine, phenylalanine and >5 mM of tryptophan to the incubation medium attenuated the spermatozoa motility parameters and viability. Particularly, >1 mM of cysteine completely inhibited progressive motility and decreased viability to <50%. Cysteine and phenylalanine at all concentrations significantly caused the increases in lipid peroxidation products in spermatozoa and seminal plasma, and hereby induced the percentage of DNA damage in spermatozoa. Cysteine had more detrimental effects than phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our data provide evidence that these amino acids are not beneficial for the maintaining of carp spermatozoa at 4 °C.

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı bitki familyasına ait olan kakule (Trigonella foenum-graecum, Faba... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı bitki familyasına ait olan kakule (Trigonella foenum-graecum, Fabaceae), Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae) ve çemen otu (Elettaria cardamomum, Zingiberaceae) tohumu ekstraktlarının in vitro koşullar altında, sazan balığı (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm hücrelerinin motilite parametrelerine ve oksidatif stres durumlarına etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, %0,1, %0,5, %1 ve %2 oranlarındaki tohum ekstratları ile muamele edilen sperm örnekleri 4Â°C‘de muhafaza edilerek, 2. ve 48. saatte ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Sperm motilite parametrelerinden kavisli hareket hızı (VCL), ortalama hızı (VAP), ileri doğru doğrusal hareket hızı (VSL), doğruluk (STR), doğrusallık (LIN), sperm başı titreşim hareketi (WOB) tayinleri bilgisayar yardımlı sperm analizi (CASA) sistemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Ayçiçeği ve çemen otu tohum ekstraktları, test edilen oranların tamamında motilite parametrelerini azaltıcı yönde tesir etmiştir. Buna karşın, 4...

Algal Research, 2019

Determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of ingredients has a central importanc... more Determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of ingredients has a central importance in formulation of aquaculture diets. Heterotrophic and phototrophic grown microalgae are considered as one of the best eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as protein alternatives for fish oil and fish meal (FM) to sustain further growth in aquaculture production. This study aimed to determine nutrient and fatty acid ADCs of microbial materials including Nannochloropsis oceanica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and two thraustochytrid strains (T29 and T66) with comparison to commonly used ingredients such as two batches of FMs, poultry-by product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), wheat gluten meal (WGM) and whole wheat flour (WF) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Each ingredient was tested using Cr 2 O 3 as an indigestible marker in triplicated cylindro-conical tanks for 2 weeks. Protein ADCs of microbial ingredients ranged between 77.6% in T66 and 84.4% in P. tricornutum and were close to those of FMs and PBM. N. oceanica had generally significantly lower lipid and fatty acid ADCs than those of P. tricornutum, thraustochytrids and the conventional feed ingredients probably due to their thick cell walls. Between the thraustochytrids strains, the T66 appeared to have slightly lower lipid, energy, organic matter, saturated, monounsaturated, long chain n-6 and long chain n-3 fatty acid ADCs than T29. P. tricornutum showed comparable nutrient ADC values to the two FMs used in the study. The results suggest that even if the microbial ingredients were used at 30% in reference diet without exposition to a pretreatment process, they can be utilized at acceptable rates by rainbow trout.

Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 2019

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) with an initial weight of 88.61±0.82 mg were fed eight isoenergetic diets... more Zebrafish (Danio rerio) with an initial weight of 88.61±0.82 mg were fed eight isoenergetic diets containing dietary protein levels ranging from 20 to 55 % by 5 % increments. Each diet was feed in triplicate of fish for 6 weeks. Specific growth rates (SGR) at week 2 and 4 were quadratically affected by the treatments but this trend disappeared at the end of the experiment. Dietary protein levels linearly reduced the values of daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency rate. The whole body dry matter, ash and lipid concentrations linearly decreased with dietary protein levels whereas whole body protein was quadratically affected. The second order polynomial and two break point linear models (TBPLM) were used to estimate dietary protein requirements. The later model generated lower residual sum of squares when SGRWeek4 and SGRFinal valueswere used as a response. Minimum dietary protein requirements for SGRWeek4 and SGRFinal were estimated by the TBPLM as 27.69 and...

Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2016

This study aims to determine the production characteristics and performance of rainbow trout hatc... more This study aims to determine the production characteristics and performance of rainbow trout hatcheries in Seydikemer, Mu gla, Turkey where over half of the total production of eyed eggs and juveniles take place. For this purpose six hatcheries with different production scales were selected and coded A, B, C, D, E and F (with capacities of 60, 15, 5.6, 4, 0.95 and 0.6 million juveniles per year, respectively). From each hatchery, 20 females were selected and their egg qualities (egg number, diameter and weight, fertilization, eyed egg, hatching, swim-up fry and survival rates at 120 days after hatching) and juvenile growth rates were monitored until the 120 th day after hatching under each farms own conditions. The sperm characteristics of 10 broodstock males from each hatchery were also examined. Although fertilization and eyed egg rates were similar among the farms, hatching, swim-up fry, and survival rates at the 120 th day after hatching differed significantly. The average eyed egg, hatching and survival rates (calculated from selected 20 females) were 72, 55, and 32%, respectively. While sperm characteristics except duration of motility (s), were significantly different among the farms, average sperm concentration (per ml), motility (%) and duration of motility (s) in the region were 11.8 9 10 9 , 55.3, and 56.4, respectively. The best hatchery performance was observed in Farm A because of better records and management applications than in the other farms.

Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2016

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary zeolite supplementations on blo... more In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary zeolite supplementations on blood parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Zeolite was gradually included into the diets at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% and fed to triplicated groups of fish for 10 weeks. Dietary zeolite levels did not affect red blood cell, white blood cell and hemoglobin levels of sea bream. On the other hand, serum glucose levels were linearly decreased whereas triglyceride quadratically increased with zeolite levels. There was a significant quadratic effect of dietary zeolite on serum cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase levels. Blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels did not change in a particular trend with dietary zeolite levels, which was the case for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The results suggest that dietary zeolite inclusion up to 4% did not lead to any health impairment in gilthead sea bream when judged from blood parameters.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 2006

Background. Reducing feed cost and the pollution originating from feed have been principal matter... more Background. Reducing feed cost and the pollution originating from feed have been principal matters in fish nutrition. Mixed feeding schedules have been proposed as one of the methods to reduce both of them and successfully tested in many fish species. The aim of the present study was to determine the mixed feeding schedules' suitability for culture of rainbow trout. Materials and Methods. Five different feeding schedules were tried by alternating the presentation of a low-protein (28.1%) diet (A) and a high-protein (49.9%) diet (B). The feeding schedules employed were 1A/1B, 1A/2B, 1A/3B, 2A/2B, and 2A/3B where the numerical values refer to the number of days each diet (A and B) was offered continuously. Fish given diets A and B continuously served as controls. Totally, seven dietary treatments were tested in triplicate for 10 weeks. Results. The fish maintained on the different mixed feeding schedules exhibited lower weight gain than those fed continuously on the high-protein diet (P < 0.05). The fish reared on schedule 1A/3B (1 day diet A alternated with 3 days diet B) had similar specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversation ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) to those fed diet B continuously and was best among all mixed feeding schedules. However, the most cost-effective treatment was 2A/2B. In addition, this group compared to B resulted in significant increase and reduction of phosphorus retention and discharge, respectively (P < 0.05). The treatments significantly effected body moisture, fat-and ash levels (P < 0.05), but not protein. Conclusion. The study shows that mixed feeding schedules are promising for use in rainbow trout culture as they result in feed cost saving and reduced phosphorus discharge in the effluents.

Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2007

Ornamental fish farms have emerged in Antalya, Turkey, during the last 10 years as an alternative... more Ornamental fish farms have emerged in Antalya, Turkey, during the last 10 years as an alternative to other aquaculture and agriculture activities due to their high market values. The present study aimed to determine the technical and economical aspects of the operations using data collected with interviews with 9 farms in Antalya. The data indicated goldfish production is dominant in the region. This species is followed by guppies, cichlids and koi. Farmers use commercially available rainbow trout diets in general whereas few can also use their own feeds. Majority of the farms (8 out of 9) use live food during various periods. For instance, goldfish are also fed tubifex worms during reproduction period whereas larval live bearing species are fed artemia and daphnia. There were 200-2000 The number of female broodstock of gold fish, live-bearers, cichlide and koi in the farms ranged between 250-2000, 250-6000, 1000-1400 and 4-40, respectively. The number of male broodstocks of the spe...