Mahmoud Elrggal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mahmoud Elrggal

KIDNEY & BLOOD PRESSURE RESEARCH, 2024

Abstract Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of diabetic patients. The pre... more Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of diabetic patients. The prevalence of non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) in patients with type 2 DM (T2D) in Egypt is unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of NDKD in patients with T2D in Egypt.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we searched the data of patients with T2D who underwent a native kidney biopsy between January 2010 and December 2020 in a kidney pathology laboratory in Egypt.

Results: Of 12,006 patients who underwent kidney biopsy, 677 patients had T2D. NDKD was found in 285 patients (42.7%), DKD in 220 patients (33%), and mixed DKD and NDKD in 162 patients (24.3%). The total prevalence of NDKD was 67% in patients with T2D in our study group. Membranous nephropathy (MN) was the most common histopathological disease in patients with NDKD (20.6%) followed by acute tubular injury (ATI) (19.2%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (15.2%). The presence of ATI in kidney biopsy was associated with a significantly higher mean serum creatine level (P<0.001). Minimal change disease was associated with significantly higher proteinuria level (P>0.001). In multivariate analysis, the duration of diabetes was a significant predictor of NDKD, with longer duration decreasing the likelihood of the 'NDKD' outcome.

Conclusion: NDKD is prevalent among patients with T2D. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing NDKD in patients with T2D.

Frontiers in Public Health

Conclusion: Variable levels of burnout, resilience, and thriving were observed among academic hea... more Conclusion: Variable levels of burnout, resilience, and thriving were observed among academic health professionals, influenced by sociodemographic and work-related factors. Interventions targeting resilience and thriving may mitigate burnout risk and enhance engagement among academics in health professions.

AJPE, 2024

reported for Indonesia and Türkiye. Students in private universities tended to have higher overal... more reported for Indonesia and Türkiye. Students in private universities tended to have higher overall ARS levels than public university students. Higher academic performance was significantly associated with ARS levels, whereas those with excellent performance exhibited the highest ARS levels. Students with exercise routines had higher ARS levels than those without exercise routines. Finally, students who were engaged in extracurricular activities had higher ARS levels than those who did not participate in these activities. Conclusion: The study offers insights into the factors affecting academic resilience in pharmacy students across several countries. The findings could guide interventions and support activities to improve resilience and academic outcomes.

Children, 2024

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Journal of pharmaceutical research international, May 5, 2020

Introduction: Quality Use of Medicines (QUoM) is of utmost importance regarding the safety and ov... more Introduction: Quality Use of Medicines (QUoM) is of utmost importance regarding the safety and overall healthcare of the consumers/patients. This study aimed to explore the general usage pattern and attitude of the Makkah community about the safe use of medicines i.e. QUoM.

Journal of The Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Sep 1, 2020

The study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of General Medication Adherence Scal... more The study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Saudi patients with chronic diseases. Methods: A multi-center cross sectional study was conducted for a month in outpatient wards of hospitals in Khobar, Dammam, Makkah, and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly selected from a registered patient pools at hospitals and the item-subject ratio was kept at 1:20. The tool was assessed for factorial, construct, convergent, known group and predictive validities as well as, reliability and internal consistency of scale were also evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS v24 and MedCalc v19.2. The study was approved by concerned ethics committees (IRB-129-25/6/1439) and (IRB-2019-05-002). Results: A total of 282 responses were received. The values for normed fit index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI) and incremental fit index (IFI) were 0.960, 0.979, 0.954 and 0.980. All values were >0.95. The value for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.059, i.e., <0.06. Hence, factorial validity was established. The average factor loading of the scale was 0.725, i.e., >0.7, that established convergent validity. Known group validity was established by obtaining significant p-value <0.05, for the associations based on hypotheses. Cronbach's a was 0.865, i.e., >0.7. Predictive validity was established by evaluating odds ratios (OR) of demographic factors with adherence score using logistic regression. Sensitivity was 78.16%, specificity was 76.85% and, accuracy of the tool was 77.66%, i.e., >70%. Conclusion: The Arabic version of GMAS achieved all required statistical parameters and was validated in Saudi patients with chronic diseases.

Pharmacy, Aug 31, 2022

Antibiotics

Hajj pilgrimage is a large mass gathering global event that may facilitate the spread and emergen... more Hajj pilgrimage is a large mass gathering global event that may facilitate the spread and emergence of various infectious diseases as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in a local and global scenario. Planning and preparing for these public health issues is a challenging and complex process for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) health authorities. Despite multiple efforts for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases through longtime funding in education and medical care, the prevalence of infectious disease is still high among Hajj pilgrims. The commonly observed infectious diseases during Hajj include respiratory tract infections (influenza and pneumonia), urinary tract infections and skin infections that may necessitate the use of antimicrobials. Beta-lactams are used as a first-line treatment for hospital acquired infections as well as community acquired infections due to their broad-spectrum activity. However, most of the bacterial isolates such as Staphylococcus ...

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality worl... more Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The review aimed to discuss and summarize the current evidence on the effectiveness of adjuvant neuroprotective treatments in terms of their effect on brain injury biomarkers in TBI patients.Methods: To identify relevant studies, four scholarly databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched using predefined search terms. English-language randomized controlled clinical trials reporting changes in brain injury biomarkers, namely, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) and/or S100 beta (S100 ß), were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Results: A total of eleven studies with eight different therapeutic options were investigated; of them, tetracyclines, metformin, and memantine were dis...

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

Frontiers in Public Health

IntroductionVaccine distrust and rejection are thought to contribute to disease outbreaks and inc... more IntroductionVaccine distrust and rejection are thought to contribute to disease outbreaks and increased mortality. The present study aimed to analyze the socio-cultural characteristics and attitudes of the Saudi population toward vaccines, using a cross-sectional survey-based approach.MethodsAn online questionnaire was used, following the snowball method. A total of 444 people responded, of whom 333 (75%) were female, and 111 (25%) were male.ResultsThe demographic characteristics associated with vaccine confidence were gender, job type, medical problems, and knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The hesitancy was highest (31.17%) among individuals aged 21–30 years old, and in more males (27.03%) expressed hesitancy than females (25.23%). However, if we focused on the percentage of the refusal to receive the vaccine, more females (15.23%) refused the vaccine than males (4.5%). More than one-third of the vaccine-hesitant respondents had limited knowledge of COVID-...

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Background: β-lactams remain the cornerstone of the empirical therapy to treat various bacterial ... more Background: β-lactams remain the cornerstone of the empirical therapy to treat various bacterial infections. This systematic review aimed to analyze the data describing the dosing regimen of β-lactams.Methods: Systematic scientific and grey literature was performed in accordance with Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies were retrieved and screened on the basis of pre-defined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCT) and case reports that reported the dosing schedule of β-lactams are included in this study.Results: A total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 40 were cohort studies, 2 were case reports and 10 were RCTs. The majority of the studies (34/52) studied the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a drug. A total of 20 studies proposed dosing schedule in pediatrics while 32 studies proposed dosing regimen among adults. Piperacillin (12/52) and Meropenem (11/52) were t...

Antibiotics, 2022

Background: The clinical significance of utilizing a vancomycin loading dose in critically ill pa... more Background: The clinical significance of utilizing a vancomycin loading dose in critically ill patients remains unclear. Objective: The main aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the vancomycin loading dose in critically ill patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, the Saudi Digital Library and other databases were searched. Studies that reported clinical outcomes among patients receiving the vancomycin LD were considered eligible. Data for this study were collected using PubMed, the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Saudi Digital Library using the following terms: “vancomycin”, “safety”, “efficacy” and “loading dose” combined with the Boolean operator “AND” or “OR”. Results: A total of 17 articles, including 2 RCTs, 11 retrospective cohorts and 4 other studies, met the inclusion/exclusion criteria out of a total 1189 studi...

Antibiotics, 2021

Colistin is considered a last treatment option for multi-drug and extensively resistant Gram-nega... more Colistin is considered a last treatment option for multi-drug and extensively resistant Gram-negative infections. We aimed to assess the available data on the dosing strategy of colistin. A systematic review was performed to identify all published studies on the dose optimization of colistin. Grey literature and electronic databases were searched. Data were collected in a specified form and the quality of the included articles was then assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, the Cochrane bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical checklist for case reports. A total of 19 studies were included, of which 16 were cohort studies, one was a RCT, and two were case reports. A total of 18 studies proposed a dosing regimen for adults, while only one study proposed a dosing schedule for pediatric populations. As per the available evidence, a loading dose of 9 million international units (MIU) of colistin followed by a m...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Globally, the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. The tr... more Globally, the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. The treatment for ADHD is multifaceted and requires long-term care and support. Pharmacists are capable of assisting patients and their caretakers in achieving desired outcomes. This work discusses and summarizes pharmacists’ roles in ADHD care and their associated outcomes. Overall, pharmacists are positioned to educate on ADHD, optimize medications in a collaborative practice model, manage and monitor side effects, and provide remote and virtual pharmaceutical care. Pharmacists could directly contribute to ensuring medication safety and increasing awareness regarding the optimal use of ADHD medications. Patients with ADHD can benefit from pharmacist involvement in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, initial screening and referral, the provision of clinical consultation and feedback, and the improvement of self-management and self-awareness of the illness. Pharmacists also play ...

Safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with different glomerular diseases treated with immunosuppressive therapies., 2023

Abstract Background Despite the known effects of sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor... more Abstract
Background
Despite the known effects of sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in halting chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and decreasing mortality from renal and cardiovascular causes, their use in patients with primary and secondary glomerular diseases maintained on immunosuppressive therapies (IST) has not yet been established.

Methods
In this open-label, uncontrolled study, SGLT2 inhibitors were prescribed to patients with glomerular diseases maintained on IST to assess the safety of their use.

Results
Nine out of 17 patients had no diabetes. During a mean of 7.3 months follow-up duration, the incidence rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) was 1.6 per 100 person-months. The UTI episodes were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy without the need to discontinue SGLT2 inhibitors. There were no cases of acute kidney injury (AKI), ketoacidosis, amputation, or Fournier gangrene. Moreover, markers of kidney damage such as mean serum creatinine (decreased from 1.7 to 1.37 mg/dl) and mean proteinuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio decreased from 2669 to 858 mg/g) improved throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion
SGLT2i are safe to use in patients with glomerular diseases on IST.

Antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, increasing costs, morbidity, and ... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, increasing costs, morbidity, and mortality. National action plans (NAPs) to minimize AMR are one of several global and national initiatives to slow down rising AMR rates. NAPs are also helping key stakeholders understand current antimicrobial utilization patterns and resistance rates. The Middle East is no exception, with high AMR rates. Antibiotic point prevalence surveys (PPS) provide a better understanding of existing antimicrobial consumption trends in hospitals and assist with the subsequent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). These are important NAP activities. We examined current hospital consumption trends across the Middle East along with documented ASPs. A narrative assessment of 24 PPS studies in the region found that, on average, more than 50% of in-patients received antibiotics, with Jordan having the highest rate of 98.1%. Published studies ranged in size from a single to 18 hospit...

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Background: Dose optimization of vancomycin plays a substantial role in drug pharmacokinetics bec... more Background: Dose optimization of vancomycin plays a substantial role in drug pharmacokinetics because of the increased incidence of obesity worldwide. This systematic review was aimed to highlight the current dosing strategy of vancomycin among obese patients.Methods: This systematic review was in concordance with Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was carried out on various databases such as Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and EMBASE using Keywords and MeSH terms related to vancomycin dosing among obese patients. Google Scholar was also searched for additional articles. The English language articles published after January, 2000 were included in this study. The quality of the study was assessed using different assessment tools for cohort, and case reports.Results: A total of 1,029 records were identified. After screening, 18 studies were included for the final review. Of total, twelve studies are retrospective a...

KIDNEY & BLOOD PRESSURE RESEARCH, 2024

Conclusion: NDKD is prevalent among patients with T2D. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing NDKD in patients with T2D.

Frontiers in Public Health

AJPE, 2024

Children, 2024

Journal of pharmaceutical research international, May 5, 2020

Journal of The Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Sep 1, 2020

Pharmacy, Aug 31, 2022

Antibiotics

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

Frontiers in Public Health

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Antibiotics, 2022

Antibiotics, 2021

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with different glomerular diseases treated with immunosuppressive therapies., 2023

Methods
In this open-label, uncontrolled study, SGLT2 inhibitors were prescribed to patients with glomerular diseases maintained on IST to assess the safety of their use.

Conclusion
SGLT2i are safe to use in patients with glomerular diseases on IST.

Antibiotics

Frontiers in Pharmacology