Maja Nikolova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
PapOUR PEOPLE WORK ON TASKSers by Maja Nikolova
Papers by Maja Nikolova
Moderna arhivistika
Taking care of the refugees who came to Serbia during the Second World War required great efforts... more Taking care of the refugees who came to Serbia during the Second World War required great efforts from both the state apparatus and the entire nation. Children who arrived in Serbia with parents who were unable to take care of them, as well as those without parental care, were a special problem. Serbian refugee homes were organized for these children, and some of them were cared for by Serbian urban and rural families. Young people of school age attended classes in Serbian schools, or in special classes formed at refugee homes. The state took care of their survival, food, clothing and health.
Historia scholastica
The Serbs in Old Serbia and Macedonia in the late 19th century, in national terms, were not recog... more The Serbs in Old Serbia and Macedonia in the late 19th century, in national terms, were not recognized by the Turkish authorities. Their position in this region made it difficult for the Bulgarian and Greek propaganda and armed troops of Albanians, so the Serbs had to struggle to defend themselves and defend their national identity. One aspect of this struggle was the educational and cultural activity reflected in the establishment and development of the Serbian primary and secondary schools, the establishment of bookstores, and church-school communities. Support in all this was given by t he educational institutions, which had the task of minimizing foreign influences and using the potentials at their disposal to achieve national integrity. Thanks to their existence, at least for a short time, it seemed that the prevailing attitude was that the Serbs in those areas at the same time formed a bridge and an insurmountable gap between East and West. Besides the State government, suppor...
Moderna arhivistika
The aim of the article is to point out the importance of archival records kept in protection inst... more The aim of the article is to point out the importance of archival records kept in protection institutions as well as those in private hands. The author would also like to point out a lesser-known phenomenon, Numerus Clausus, which started anti-Semitism in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, as well as the official positions of educational policy immediately before and during the first year of the Second World War.
Espacio, Tiempo y Educación
Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social lif... more Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social life in Serbia. After returning to their homeland they become the professors in High School, later the University, professors in gymnasiums, teachers schools, other schools and school for women. This is an opportunity to get familiar with the life and work of some pedagogues who have made their mark during special efforts in private life, hard work during the middle and high education, effective in practical work, and by showing original and literary activity. These pedagogues, with their life and work, were influenced on the creation of educational policy in Serbia since the late 19th to the middle of 20th century. All of them were educated in Europian university and with them the foreign influences came to Serbia. Their personal funds are in the Educational museum in Belgrade and their names are: Vojislav Bakic, Jovan Miodragovic, Vicentije Rakic, Vojislav Mladenovic and Vladimir Spasic.
Espacio, Tiempo y Educación
Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social lif... more Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social life in Serbia. After returning to their homeland they become the professors in High School, later the University, professors in gymnasiums, teachers schools, other schools and school for women. This is an opportunity to get familiar with the life and work of some pedagogues who have made their mark during special efforts in private life, hard work during the middle and high education, effective in practical work, and by showing original and literary activity. These pedagogues, with their life and work, were influenced on the creation of educational policy in Serbia since the late 19th to the middle of 20th century. All of them were educated in Europian university and with them the foreign influences came to Serbia. Their personal funds are in the Educational museum in Belgrade and their names are: Vojislav Bakic, Jovan Miodragovic, Vicentije Rakic, Vojislav Mladenovic and Vladimir Spasic.
Books by Maja Nikolova
What the kids were looking forward to Festivities Celebrations and festivals took ... more What the kids were looking forward to
Festivities
Celebrations and festivals took a significant place in the history, traditional, culture and spiritual life of a nation. It was also celebrated in ancient times, so the festivals have become a recognizable part of the identity of a nation over time. Initially, in Serbia, only religious holidays were celebrated, and later, from the development of society and the state, the anniversaries of historical events, important victories, the birth of famous figures and the like were celebrated.
Certainly, the long tradition in Serbia has religious holidays that are deeply engrained and form part of the national identity. But, under the influence of historical circumstances and political movements, they were suppressed. Their place was occupied by state holidays with their features - a flag, suitable program, cosmography and scenography. In Socialist Yugoslavia, when the church was separated from the state, religious holidays were considered a private decision, but at some time those who celebrated them were called to friendly talks. The disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1990 and the change in the social system public holidays slowly fell into oblivion.
Every holiday is related to the feeling of being comfortable, joyful, unusual. They disrupt the ordinary course of life, the everyday rhythm, give emotional elan and rest after work. In family life, and especially in the patriarchal society, it was nursed the traditions of the holiday. The elderly preserve memories of childhood when the mother was preparing the house and the children toys. For this occasion, especially for Vrbica, new clothes were sown or washed, ironed and repaired the old one. On the very day, from early morning, a holiday atmosphere was in the house. The children in the new department felt quite blocked but unusual and tidy, and, in order not to spoil the festive mood, they easily mimicked a new role.
With school ceremonies in Serbia began quite early, already for the forties of the 19th century; their content and shape changed over time, but children always approached their realization with the same glee and seriousness. These were extra-curricular activities that were organized at school, and they were related to marking certain dates. During the interwar period, as well as the previous decades, the St. Sava celebration was dominant, but also occasional events were held at Vidovdan - the final school ceremony, within the Children's Week, the birthday of the royal birth, Ball under the three, and so on. After the Second World War, the dates changed - that was the Day of the Pioneer or November 29, New Year and School Day.
In elementary and secondary schools, students accepted the general mood with joy to prepare for the holidays - they took part in the preparation of the event, costumography, set design, selection of gifts for the poorest. Because entertainment was a necessary part of growing up, and a form of entertainment was also school events designed to shape a personality and to give children the opportunity to express their abilities and affection. The preparation of the festivities for the event itself had pedagogical or educational value. On that occasion, the students were introduced to the essence of the holidays, exchanging experience, receiving new impressions, identifying with adults, and through the fun of expressing joy and their natural affections. All children, regardless of success or gender, participated in the preparation of the school event.
School events were one way for direct formation of moral character and cultivate national consciousness. It was an ideal opportunity for students to meet the life of the Serbian greats, with significant people from the past. Bearing in mind that the example is the best teaching tool, teachers used characters and texts from Serbian history, decorating classrooms, preparing plays that fostered feelings of gratitude, nobility, love, and patriotism. In all of this had a significant role has been teaching singing, which nurtured feelings, and that affected the formation of the soul, esthetics, and taste.
School events and puppet exhibitions, which often accompanied them, made these educational institutions a prominent feature of their work. In view of the long process of growing up, the fruits of all teachers' work had a spiritual character and were related to the near or far future. As an expression of the need to make this spiritual work visible, concrete and obvious, school events were organized that represented a series of teaching work and success. For the successful realization of this task, close cooperation between school and parents was necessary, that is, between pupils as actors and their audience.
And regardless of time and political circumstances, teachers and school teachers, church priests and parents in the home, have wanted, over the decades, to teach children through celebration, through some kind of fun, and with the development of feelings of affection to what they will later transmit to your offspring. Thus, local and school celebrations became part of the educational system and part of the collective memory.
Moderna arhivistika
Taking care of the refugees who came to Serbia during the Second World War required great efforts... more Taking care of the refugees who came to Serbia during the Second World War required great efforts from both the state apparatus and the entire nation. Children who arrived in Serbia with parents who were unable to take care of them, as well as those without parental care, were a special problem. Serbian refugee homes were organized for these children, and some of them were cared for by Serbian urban and rural families. Young people of school age attended classes in Serbian schools, or in special classes formed at refugee homes. The state took care of their survival, food, clothing and health.
Historia scholastica
The Serbs in Old Serbia and Macedonia in the late 19th century, in national terms, were not recog... more The Serbs in Old Serbia and Macedonia in the late 19th century, in national terms, were not recognized by the Turkish authorities. Their position in this region made it difficult for the Bulgarian and Greek propaganda and armed troops of Albanians, so the Serbs had to struggle to defend themselves and defend their national identity. One aspect of this struggle was the educational and cultural activity reflected in the establishment and development of the Serbian primary and secondary schools, the establishment of bookstores, and church-school communities. Support in all this was given by t he educational institutions, which had the task of minimizing foreign influences and using the potentials at their disposal to achieve national integrity. Thanks to their existence, at least for a short time, it seemed that the prevailing attitude was that the Serbs in those areas at the same time formed a bridge and an insurmountable gap between East and West. Besides the State government, suppor...
Moderna arhivistika
The aim of the article is to point out the importance of archival records kept in protection inst... more The aim of the article is to point out the importance of archival records kept in protection institutions as well as those in private hands. The author would also like to point out a lesser-known phenomenon, Numerus Clausus, which started anti-Semitism in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, as well as the official positions of educational policy immediately before and during the first year of the Second World War.
Espacio, Tiempo y Educación
Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social lif... more Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social life in Serbia. After returning to their homeland they become the professors in High School, later the University, professors in gymnasiums, teachers schools, other schools and school for women. This is an opportunity to get familiar with the life and work of some pedagogues who have made their mark during special efforts in private life, hard work during the middle and high education, effective in practical work, and by showing original and literary activity. These pedagogues, with their life and work, were influenced on the creation of educational policy in Serbia since the late 19th to the middle of 20th century. All of them were educated in Europian university and with them the foreign influences came to Serbia. Their personal funds are in the Educational museum in Belgrade and their names are: Vojislav Bakic, Jovan Miodragovic, Vicentije Rakic, Vojislav Mladenovic and Vladimir Spasic.
Espacio, Tiempo y Educación
Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social lif... more Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social life in Serbia. After returning to their homeland they become the professors in High School, later the University, professors in gymnasiums, teachers schools, other schools and school for women. This is an opportunity to get familiar with the life and work of some pedagogues who have made their mark during special efforts in private life, hard work during the middle and high education, effective in practical work, and by showing original and literary activity. These pedagogues, with their life and work, were influenced on the creation of educational policy in Serbia since the late 19th to the middle of 20th century. All of them were educated in Europian university and with them the foreign influences came to Serbia. Their personal funds are in the Educational museum in Belgrade and their names are: Vojislav Bakic, Jovan Miodragovic, Vicentije Rakic, Vojislav Mladenovic and Vladimir Spasic.
What the kids were looking forward to Festivities Celebrations and festivals took ... more What the kids were looking forward to
Festivities
Celebrations and festivals took a significant place in the history, traditional, culture and spiritual life of a nation. It was also celebrated in ancient times, so the festivals have become a recognizable part of the identity of a nation over time. Initially, in Serbia, only religious holidays were celebrated, and later, from the development of society and the state, the anniversaries of historical events, important victories, the birth of famous figures and the like were celebrated.
Certainly, the long tradition in Serbia has religious holidays that are deeply engrained and form part of the national identity. But, under the influence of historical circumstances and political movements, they were suppressed. Their place was occupied by state holidays with their features - a flag, suitable program, cosmography and scenography. In Socialist Yugoslavia, when the church was separated from the state, religious holidays were considered a private decision, but at some time those who celebrated them were called to friendly talks. The disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1990 and the change in the social system public holidays slowly fell into oblivion.
Every holiday is related to the feeling of being comfortable, joyful, unusual. They disrupt the ordinary course of life, the everyday rhythm, give emotional elan and rest after work. In family life, and especially in the patriarchal society, it was nursed the traditions of the holiday. The elderly preserve memories of childhood when the mother was preparing the house and the children toys. For this occasion, especially for Vrbica, new clothes were sown or washed, ironed and repaired the old one. On the very day, from early morning, a holiday atmosphere was in the house. The children in the new department felt quite blocked but unusual and tidy, and, in order not to spoil the festive mood, they easily mimicked a new role.
With school ceremonies in Serbia began quite early, already for the forties of the 19th century; their content and shape changed over time, but children always approached their realization with the same glee and seriousness. These were extra-curricular activities that were organized at school, and they were related to marking certain dates. During the interwar period, as well as the previous decades, the St. Sava celebration was dominant, but also occasional events were held at Vidovdan - the final school ceremony, within the Children's Week, the birthday of the royal birth, Ball under the three, and so on. After the Second World War, the dates changed - that was the Day of the Pioneer or November 29, New Year and School Day.
In elementary and secondary schools, students accepted the general mood with joy to prepare for the holidays - they took part in the preparation of the event, costumography, set design, selection of gifts for the poorest. Because entertainment was a necessary part of growing up, and a form of entertainment was also school events designed to shape a personality and to give children the opportunity to express their abilities and affection. The preparation of the festivities for the event itself had pedagogical or educational value. On that occasion, the students were introduced to the essence of the holidays, exchanging experience, receiving new impressions, identifying with adults, and through the fun of expressing joy and their natural affections. All children, regardless of success or gender, participated in the preparation of the school event.
School events were one way for direct formation of moral character and cultivate national consciousness. It was an ideal opportunity for students to meet the life of the Serbian greats, with significant people from the past. Bearing in mind that the example is the best teaching tool, teachers used characters and texts from Serbian history, decorating classrooms, preparing plays that fostered feelings of gratitude, nobility, love, and patriotism. In all of this had a significant role has been teaching singing, which nurtured feelings, and that affected the formation of the soul, esthetics, and taste.
School events and puppet exhibitions, which often accompanied them, made these educational institutions a prominent feature of their work. In view of the long process of growing up, the fruits of all teachers' work had a spiritual character and were related to the near or far future. As an expression of the need to make this spiritual work visible, concrete and obvious, school events were organized that represented a series of teaching work and success. For the successful realization of this task, close cooperation between school and parents was necessary, that is, between pupils as actors and their audience.
And regardless of time and political circumstances, teachers and school teachers, church priests and parents in the home, have wanted, over the decades, to teach children through celebration, through some kind of fun, and with the development of feelings of affection to what they will later transmit to your offspring. Thus, local and school celebrations became part of the educational system and part of the collective memory.