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Papers by Alexander Makeev

Quaternary International, 2021

During the second half of the Holocene, the Russian Plain experienced several climatic oscillatio... more During the second half of the Holocene, the Russian Plain experienced several climatic oscillations giving rise to
changing vegetation patterns. The spatial variability of vegetation changes and its effects on soils is still a matter
of debate. In the present study landscape response to Holocene climatic cycles was analysed on the base of
detailed morphological, chemical and microbiomorphic analyses of a paleosol buried under the kurgan of the
Abashevo culture (Middle Bronze Age) and a surface soil. Both soils located at the Tokhmeyevo kurgan cemetery
(the Middle Volga region, Chuvash Republic, Russia) developed from the same parent material (mantle loam), at
the same elevation and in close proximity to each other. Both soils, classified as Retisols, show a similar
morphology and key analytical features indicating similar environment. The pollen and phytolith spectra confirm
that both buried and surface soils formed under similar forest vegetation. The buried and surface soils at the
Tokhmeyevo cemetery could be compared with the previously studied soils of the Sareevo settlement of the Early
Iron Age and the Taushkasy kurgan cemetery of the Bronze Age. These studies confirm the stability of the forest
environment at the southern boundary of the forest belt since the Bronze Age. At the same time, the buried soil at
the Tokhmeyevo cemetery has a thick mollic horizon and black organic coatings overlaying brown clay cutans in
the argic horizons, which sets it apart from the surface soil. The radiocarbon dates for the humus in the mollic
horizon and black coatings in the argic horizon are surprisingly close to each other (about 5.5 cal ka BP and 5.2
cal ka BP, respectively). The data indicate that the black cutans are derived from degradation of the mollic
horizon caused by a sudden increase in humidity during the episodes of extreme summer rainfall events. Our
study also prove that the Abashevo people had complicated burial funeral rites. The earth mounds are made of
the upper horizons of soils cut off from the surface in the vicinity. The central part of the mound consists of soil
bricks with albic material used for the interior, while artificially rumpled material of the argic horizon was used
for coverage. The use of albic and artificially rumpled material of argic horizon for earth mound construction
implies the similarity between the buried and surface soils since the Bronze Age until today. Thus, the study of
such construction techniques is important both for archaeology and paleogeography (paleopedology).

Почвы и окружающая среда

The article presents information about of the work of the International Scientific School on Pale... more The article presents information about of the work of the International Scientific School on Paleopedology for Young Researchers. This school was conducted for ten years in Siberia in the Altai region, where unique Pleistocene loess-soil series are common and paleosoil horizons and modern soils are present simultaneously in one and the same soil profile. For ten years leading Russian and foreign scientists gave lectures both on fundamental theoretical and applied issues of paleopedology, as well as on a number of topical issues of related sciences, conducted master classes on the basic methods of field study of paleosols, and young researchers discussed their ideas and results. The article lists the main themes of the lectures/ naming Russian and foreign scientists who read them. It also informs about the monograph “Paleosols, the natural environment and methods for their diagnosis”, based on selected lectures at the School from its start until 2014 and published in Russian. Other s...

Geosciences

Late Holocene landscape evolution at the southern frontier of the forest belt of European Russia ... more Late Holocene landscape evolution at the southern frontier of the forest belt of European Russia is studied based on detailed morphological, analytical and microbiomorphic research of a soil chronosequence that included a surface soil and a soil buried under the Bronze Age kurgan. Both soils (Folic Eutric Cambisols) are formed on similar geomorphic surfaces in the same parent material and in close proximity to each other. The soil morphology and the key analytical features are controlled by low-reactive parent material and imply close similarity of the present landscapes and those of the Bronze age. At the same time the morphological features show that the buried soil was influenced by the phase of weak aridization, which led to the formation of a dark mull humus horizon. Microbiomorphic assemblages (phytoliths, pollen) support the earlier conclusion that the soils of the study area had being developed mostly under forest vegetation.

Geosciences

Surface Kastanozem of the Lower Volga area was first studied as a part of the pedocomplex, with t... more Surface Kastanozem of the Lower Volga area was first studied as a part of the pedocomplex, with the lower part (148–160 cm) formed in Early Khvalynian Chocolate clays (13–15 ka), the middle part (100–148 cm) in a mixed clay-loess sediment sand, and the upper part (0–100 cm) in loess. This resulted from local aeolian transport, with the source material derived from the rewinding of marine sediments. They are enriched in aggregates of Chocolate clays and glauconitic grains of a fine sand-course silt size and have similar contents of clay minerals. The high salinity of similar types evidences marine genesis for both Chocolate clays and source material for loess sediments. Clay fragments of a sand and silt size are responsible for the heavy texture and high gypsum content of loess. The study of soils with the focus on micromorphology and clay mineralogy allows the identification of the complex character of a shift from marine to sub-areal sedimentation. This shift was accompanied by sho...

Quaternary International, 2009

Quaternary International, 2014

ABSTRACT Vladimir Opolie is a typical loess island with soil pattern that differs strikingly from... more ABSTRACT Vladimir Opolie is a typical loess island with soil pattern that differs strikingly from that of adjacent territories. Soils are characterized by a controversial set of features. They have common features with other loess islands located in various environmental zones (similar dependence on microtopography with second humus horizons in soils within depressions and accumulation of carbonates in soils on the main surfaces). On the other hand they differ from soils of loess islands formed on typical loess due to specific features of sediments: mantle loams, and a northern variety of loess. A pedostratigraphic approach to the study of soils of Vladimir Opolye reveals that constitution of the upper loess strata depends on paleocryogenic microtopography and that relict soil features (second humus horizon, pattern of carbonates distribution) are syngenetic with the final stages of loess sedimentation. The abundance of relict features indicates that the soils of Vladimir Opolie are surface paleosols.

Quaternary International, 2012

Quaternary International, 2009

Quaternary International, 2009

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008

ABSTRACT Export Date: 11 January 2013, Source: Scopus, CODEN: JNSSF, doi: 10.1002/jpln.200890018,... more ABSTRACT Export Date: 11 January 2013, Source: Scopus, CODEN: JNSSF, doi: 10.1002/jpln.200890018, Language of Original Document: English, Correspondence Address: IUSS Commission on Paleopedology

Eurasian Soil Science, 2012

Quaternary International, 2015

Quaternary International, 2021

During the second half of the Holocene, the Russian Plain experienced several climatic oscillatio... more During the second half of the Holocene, the Russian Plain experienced several climatic oscillations giving rise to
changing vegetation patterns. The spatial variability of vegetation changes and its effects on soils is still a matter
of debate. In the present study landscape response to Holocene climatic cycles was analysed on the base of
detailed morphological, chemical and microbiomorphic analyses of a paleosol buried under the kurgan of the
Abashevo culture (Middle Bronze Age) and a surface soil. Both soils located at the Tokhmeyevo kurgan cemetery
(the Middle Volga region, Chuvash Republic, Russia) developed from the same parent material (mantle loam), at
the same elevation and in close proximity to each other. Both soils, classified as Retisols, show a similar
morphology and key analytical features indicating similar environment. The pollen and phytolith spectra confirm
that both buried and surface soils formed under similar forest vegetation. The buried and surface soils at the
Tokhmeyevo cemetery could be compared with the previously studied soils of the Sareevo settlement of the Early
Iron Age and the Taushkasy kurgan cemetery of the Bronze Age. These studies confirm the stability of the forest
environment at the southern boundary of the forest belt since the Bronze Age. At the same time, the buried soil at
the Tokhmeyevo cemetery has a thick mollic horizon and black organic coatings overlaying brown clay cutans in
the argic horizons, which sets it apart from the surface soil. The radiocarbon dates for the humus in the mollic
horizon and black coatings in the argic horizon are surprisingly close to each other (about 5.5 cal ka BP and 5.2
cal ka BP, respectively). The data indicate that the black cutans are derived from degradation of the mollic
horizon caused by a sudden increase in humidity during the episodes of extreme summer rainfall events. Our
study also prove that the Abashevo people had complicated burial funeral rites. The earth mounds are made of
the upper horizons of soils cut off from the surface in the vicinity. The central part of the mound consists of soil
bricks with albic material used for the interior, while artificially rumpled material of the argic horizon was used
for coverage. The use of albic and artificially rumpled material of argic horizon for earth mound construction
implies the similarity between the buried and surface soils since the Bronze Age until today. Thus, the study of
such construction techniques is important both for archaeology and paleogeography (paleopedology).

Почвы и окружающая среда

The article presents information about of the work of the International Scientific School on Pale... more The article presents information about of the work of the International Scientific School on Paleopedology for Young Researchers. This school was conducted for ten years in Siberia in the Altai region, where unique Pleistocene loess-soil series are common and paleosoil horizons and modern soils are present simultaneously in one and the same soil profile. For ten years leading Russian and foreign scientists gave lectures both on fundamental theoretical and applied issues of paleopedology, as well as on a number of topical issues of related sciences, conducted master classes on the basic methods of field study of paleosols, and young researchers discussed their ideas and results. The article lists the main themes of the lectures/ naming Russian and foreign scientists who read them. It also informs about the monograph “Paleosols, the natural environment and methods for their diagnosis”, based on selected lectures at the School from its start until 2014 and published in Russian. Other s...

Geosciences

Late Holocene landscape evolution at the southern frontier of the forest belt of European Russia ... more Late Holocene landscape evolution at the southern frontier of the forest belt of European Russia is studied based on detailed morphological, analytical and microbiomorphic research of a soil chronosequence that included a surface soil and a soil buried under the Bronze Age kurgan. Both soils (Folic Eutric Cambisols) are formed on similar geomorphic surfaces in the same parent material and in close proximity to each other. The soil morphology and the key analytical features are controlled by low-reactive parent material and imply close similarity of the present landscapes and those of the Bronze age. At the same time the morphological features show that the buried soil was influenced by the phase of weak aridization, which led to the formation of a dark mull humus horizon. Microbiomorphic assemblages (phytoliths, pollen) support the earlier conclusion that the soils of the study area had being developed mostly under forest vegetation.

Geosciences

Surface Kastanozem of the Lower Volga area was first studied as a part of the pedocomplex, with t... more Surface Kastanozem of the Lower Volga area was first studied as a part of the pedocomplex, with the lower part (148–160 cm) formed in Early Khvalynian Chocolate clays (13–15 ka), the middle part (100–148 cm) in a mixed clay-loess sediment sand, and the upper part (0–100 cm) in loess. This resulted from local aeolian transport, with the source material derived from the rewinding of marine sediments. They are enriched in aggregates of Chocolate clays and glauconitic grains of a fine sand-course silt size and have similar contents of clay minerals. The high salinity of similar types evidences marine genesis for both Chocolate clays and source material for loess sediments. Clay fragments of a sand and silt size are responsible for the heavy texture and high gypsum content of loess. The study of soils with the focus on micromorphology and clay mineralogy allows the identification of the complex character of a shift from marine to sub-areal sedimentation. This shift was accompanied by sho...

Quaternary International, 2009

Quaternary International, 2014

ABSTRACT Vladimir Opolie is a typical loess island with soil pattern that differs strikingly from... more ABSTRACT Vladimir Opolie is a typical loess island with soil pattern that differs strikingly from that of adjacent territories. Soils are characterized by a controversial set of features. They have common features with other loess islands located in various environmental zones (similar dependence on microtopography with second humus horizons in soils within depressions and accumulation of carbonates in soils on the main surfaces). On the other hand they differ from soils of loess islands formed on typical loess due to specific features of sediments: mantle loams, and a northern variety of loess. A pedostratigraphic approach to the study of soils of Vladimir Opolye reveals that constitution of the upper loess strata depends on paleocryogenic microtopography and that relict soil features (second humus horizon, pattern of carbonates distribution) are syngenetic with the final stages of loess sedimentation. The abundance of relict features indicates that the soils of Vladimir Opolie are surface paleosols.

Quaternary International, 2012

Quaternary International, 2009

Quaternary International, 2009

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008

ABSTRACT Export Date: 11 January 2013, Source: Scopus, CODEN: JNSSF, doi: 10.1002/jpln.200890018,... more ABSTRACT Export Date: 11 January 2013, Source: Scopus, CODEN: JNSSF, doi: 10.1002/jpln.200890018, Language of Original Document: English, Correspondence Address: IUSS Commission on Paleopedology

Eurasian Soil Science, 2012

Quaternary International, 2015