Malik Shahzad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Malik Shahzad

This study describes different options regarding financing in low carbon energy sectors and air p... more This study describes different options regarding financing in low carbon energy sectors and air pollution, which further affect clean production and sustainable environment agenda regarding the Association of southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) states. The purpose of this study is to reduce air pollution and improve environmental production through low carbon energy financing. This study further investigates, which particular country among selected ASEAN states has most affected by air pollution and decrease their energy sources as well as clean productivity level. The findings of this study indicate that transformation toward low carbon energy increased energy efficiency encouraged by all sectors of society in the target countries. It is observed that around 20,000 people have died in South East Asia (SEA) every year due to the polluted air environment among these countries.

Purpose-Due to increase in operational risk, banks are facing huge losses. In order to avoid loss... more Purpose-Due to increase in operational risk, banks are facing huge losses. In order to avoid losses, banks need to manage operational risk. This study aims to analyze the impact of operational risk management (ORM) processes, which include identification, assessment, analysis, monitoring and control in the presence of corporate governance (CG) that can also contribute to effective ORM practices. Design/methodology/approach-Operational risk management processes are used to manage operational risk along with CG. Primary data are collected through questionnaire from (167) operational risk managers of commercial banks. Multiple linear regressions has been run to analyze the data. Findings-Results indicate significant impact of CG and operational risk identification (ORI), monitoring and control on ORM practices in commercial banks of Pakistan. Originality/value-The study suggests policy makers to improve the ORM framework by CG. Beside this, in order to lessen operational risk, proper identification, monitoring and control of operational risk could also contribute.

This study is trying to interpret the theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah in wide context, which further... more This study is trying to interpret the theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah in wide context, which further based on the measurement of socioeconomic prosperity; it takes into account the major drawbacks of the existing measurements. The proposed measurement is an integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah based composite index to measure socioeconomic prosperity of economies in general and muslim countries in particular. The integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah based measurement does not isolate economic and social progress from the spiritual and biophysical variables that effect human prosperity. Specifically, in this paper, we will be looking at the theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah and socioeconomic prosperity, in order to develop these constructs within the proposed composite index and the measurement variables, where each variable constructs under the Maqasid Al-Shariah. This study argues that the existing measurements of socioeconomic progress are limited by number of measured variables and, therefore, do not portray the real socioeconomic prosperity status.

Purpose: The study intended to analyze the impact of Brick and Mortar trustworthiness attributes ... more Purpose: The study intended to analyze the impact of Brick and Mortar trustworthiness attributes along the social demographic traits which effects the customer's perception to effectively adopt online banking services. Trust is one of the biggest challenges for the consolidation of online banking in the future. Thus Brick-and-mortar trustworthiness forms an intangible active, which may create a competitive advantage for the banks. Design/Methodology: The study used self-administrative questionnaire to collect the data from the customers of both the Islamic and conventional banks in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Multiple linear regression technique was used to analyze the impact of brick and mortar trustworthiness attributes (honesty, benevolence and competence) and social demographic factors (gender, education, age and income). Findings: The results of the study showed that the Brick and Mortar trustworthiness attributes have positive and significant impact on the adaptation of the online banking services, however the higher level of education inversely impacts the adaptation of the online banking service. Practical Implication: This paper highlights the significance of trustworthiness for influencing the perception of the consumers to adopt the online banking services. The result of the study shows that there is a need to target marketing actions on certain segments of the population. Implications: This paper offers an innovative approach to analyze the Brick and Mortar trustworthiness attributes with the socio demographic factors to influence the consumers' perceptions. This analysis perspective has not been previously used in the literature of developing countries.

The study seeks to examine the policy scheme of Asian countries and their efforts to achieve sust... more The study seeks to examine the policy scheme of Asian countries and their efforts to achieve sustainable environmental practices in terms of green growth, green financing, and CO2emission reduction programs. This study investigates the role of GDP growth, sources of energy consumption, and other plausible hypothetical factors in CO 2 emissions using evidence from selected Asian countries over the period of 1980-2015. The contribution of this research is unique, with the use of these plausible variables under the framework of EKC, which makes this study different from other studies and helps fill a gap in the literature. This study has used panel Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) test, the panel Granger causality test namely the Dumitrescu-Hurlin test (2012) and the Innovative Accounting Approach. The results of FMOLS for the full panel set indicates the presence of an EKC hypothesis, where the impact of GDP growth and the square of GDP growth on CO2 emissions are positive and negative, respectively, in the context of 10 Asian economies. The findings of FMOLS for lower income economies do not support the EKC hypothesis; however, the results exhibit that high and upper middle income economies maintain the EKC hypothesis. The results of high income and upper middle income economies confirm the existence of the environment Kuznets curve, and the results of GDP it show that both significantly positively impact logGDP it on CO2 emission.

The objective of this study is to investigate at what extent Indian economy becomes the victim of... more The objective of this study is to investigate at what extent Indian economy becomes the victim of terrorism activities. However, we didn't find any comprehensive study on this issue, who used time series data for casual investigation between terrorism and economic growth. This study used time series data from 1994 to 2017 to examine the impact of terrorism attacks and their impact on Indian economy. The data analysis has done through auto regressor distributed lags (ARDL) method. The long run results revealed that terrorism, interest rate and unemployment have negative impact on economic growth, whereas net trade and foreign direct investment have positive impact on growth level. While in short run only terrorism has negative relationship on Indian economy and rest of all variables are statistically significant. Furthermore, error correction mechanism and stability tests indicate that model is consistence and efficient. The overall results through F-test concluded with these remarks that model is statistically significant.

The public expenditures are very important and basic necessities of every country. It plays cruci... more The public expenditures are very important and basic necessities of every country. It plays crucial and dynamic role in each economy and government has responsibility to provide them. This study examined public expenditures impact on economic growth by using time series data from1982-2017 in case of Pakistan. The variables are growth rate as GDP, development expenditure, defense expenditures, health expenditures and education expenditures. The ordinary least square (OLS) test and CUSUM, CUSUM Square tests are applied to check relationship between public expenditures and economic growth. This study concludes with mix results, which indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between development and health expenditures on economic growth. Furthermore, defense and education expenditures have negative relationship on economic growth. Moreover, it is recommended that public expenditures should be used in appropriate way; if it is not used in accurate place it would not be favourable for Pakistan economy.

Unemployment is a persistent problem in Pakistan since a long time. One of the core reasons behin... more Unemployment is a persistent problem in Pakistan since a long time. One of the core reasons behind unemployment is the rapid growth in population. Pakistan is the 6 th most populous country in the world. Every year population increases at a percentage of 1.93 and almost same proportion come in labour force stream and this massive increase in population add 3 million potential workers to the labour force annually. This study is the first ever attempt to undertake the economic stability and its impact specifically on male unemployment in the context of Pakistan. The time series data has employed for the period 1973-2015 and auto regressor distributed lags (ARDL) bound testing approach has been applied on this data. The results revealed that budget deficit has a negative and significant association with male unemployment, as it increases unemployment ratio. Political stability also exerts an improving role in creating employment opportunities. However, external debt exerts positive impact on unemployment. Whereas, foreign direct investment (FDI) indicates an improving impact on unemployment; it brings down male dependency rate because foreign injection of capital will be invested indifferent projects and sectors which surely need labour force. Simply, it will increase employment rate.

This study uses the mobile phone penetration as a tool of accountability against corruption and p... more This study uses the mobile phone penetration as a tool of accountability against corruption and promotes transparency and good governance among selected Asia-Pacific countries. The consensus regarding fast internet speed plays a vital role to eliminate the corruption through modern informational and communication technology system. This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between internet adoption and mobile phone penetration to overcome the issue of corruption. This study adopted the Granger causality approach to analyse the panel data (2006-2016) for 12 countries. The results of Granger causality test did not find any evidence for bidirectional causality from corruption to mobile phone penetration and internet adoption. This shows that an increase in mobile phone penetration and internet adoption leads to decrease in corruption. The good governance and rule of law also found the powerful instruments to reduce the perceived corruption. This study is the first ever attempt to examine this issue for Asian Pacific countries, while other studies include only developing and advanced economies in their sample.

Springer, 2019

The objective of this study is to endorse the driving factors behind total factor productivity (T... more The objective of this study is to endorse the driving factors behind total factor productivity
(TFP) and economic growth in Pakistan. Pakistan’s average growth rate is 5% for
last few decades, and although this growth level is satisfactory, Pakistan faced several
formidable challenges yet. The economic growth has been determined mainly through
labor-intensive technology and export-oriented manufacturing activities. However, TFP
is assessed from the aggregate production function using the Cobb–Douglas production
function that permits for the simultaneous expansion of outputs and contraction
of inputs. The annual timer series data have been extracted from 1972–2016 World
development Indicator (WDI) for this study. The overall results reveal that almost all
variables are statistical significant. Moreover, innovation significantly contributes to
economic growth and production level in Pakistan. This analysis may have significant
suggestions to policy makers in Pakistan and other emerging economies when framing
sustainable growth policy.

This paper aims to investigate the historical background of entrepreneurship and Obstacles in tra... more This paper aims to investigate the historical background of entrepreneurship and Obstacles in trade openness in Pakistan, India & Malaysia. Entrepreneurship is considered as business activity undertaken with a combination of innovation and risk taking to earn profit or bear loss. The entrepreneur is at the core of the entire process of production and distribution. Entrepreneurial activities promise higher economy growth rates as well as it provides opportunities to all fragments of the society, thereby it also provides opportunities to poor people to upgrade their living standards. However, India & Malaysia have strong business history of entrepreneurship. But unfortunately, Pakistan is unable to provide sustainable support to small scale industry due to which in turn, the industry is unable to support the economy even after long period. The reasons behind low growth of entrepreneurship in Pakistan, the economic policies are always in favor of landlords and feudalists for the development of large scale sectors and this sector was developed as rent seeking sector rather than entrepreneurial sector. This study emphasis on the effort required for academic-industrial collaborative research to enhance management knowledge, entrepreneurial skills and development of technical skills in Pakistan. It provides a stable platform for entrepreneurs to expertise on key areas like making project feasibilities, acquiring business operations knowledge, establishing brand names etc.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of social media applications on sma... more The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of social media applications on small business entrepreneurs. It also examines how small business owners are motivated to use social media applications. Social media has completely transformed the way businesses are done. Social media applications in the present time have become the most efficient and effective tool for small business entrepreneurs, and normally all small businesses use social media platforms for the advertising and publicity of their products and services. They make fan pages for their followers, and they warmly welcome their suggestions and opinions, which help in improving their businesses. However, based on literature review, we conclude that there is a positive impact of social media applications on small business entrepreneurs as well as they are highly motivated to use these platforms.

This study aims to examine the impact of financial development on economy sector of Pakistan. Reg... more This study aims to examine the impact of financial development on economy sector of Pakistan. Regional economic growth and financial development cycles can trace major global and unobserved factors evolved overtime. However, economic growth and financial development are explaining the fluctuations in the economy, which plays an important role for development of any economic sector. Whereas, Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) test are used to check the individual stationarity of each variable. Augmented Dickey Fuller test is used to estimate the unit root test. Johnson co-integration test is also used to check the long run relationship between the variables. The overall results shows a positive significantly impact of financial development on economic growth of Pakistan, expected some years of nineties when stock markets became in negative figure. However, F-statistics shows overall positive significant impact of the model. Introduction During recent decades, a great deal of attention has received the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The most productive sectors for investment both domestic and foreign savings are mobilizing by the process of financial development supports. In the financial intermediation, some variables have been used as a proxy. In term of size and efficiency different financial intermediaries in the whole financial development must relatively be significant by the selected variables. Mauro (1995) starts even though their stock markets have been relatively underdeveloped high saving rates and fast growth have experienced by Japan and continental Europe, their stock markets have been well developed by low saving and slower growth have been characterized by United States and United Kingdom.

This study examines the factors which influence and contribute towards the financial viability of... more This study examines the factors which influence and contribute towards the financial viability of Islamic finance and its impact on global financial stability. However, the purpose of this paper is to differentiate the practical implications of both Islamic and conventional finance on global financial stability. The Islamic finance is asset backed financing which creates wealth through trade, commerce and believes in risk and return sharing. Islamic banking is asset driven as against to conventional banking which is liability driven. In order to introduce new financial products for market, financial innovation in Islamic finance must be within the Shari'ah parameters that are tested against the 'Maqasid al-Shari'ah'. Interest-based system leads to income and wealth inequalities and mis-allocation of resources. Moreover this system has absence of just and equitable aspect of distribution that may exploit either the debt holder or the financier. Such implications are reached to a tipping point that leaves only one choice: change or face continued decline and misery.

Springer, 2019