Maliki Omar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Maliki Omar
![Research paper thumbnail of A new fuel cell powered aerospace propulsion system / Thomas Arthur Ward … [et al.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102455991/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](A fuel cell powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV) named Kenyalang-1 ("Hornbill") was desig... more A fuel cell powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV) named Kenyalang-1 ("Hornbill") was designed, built, and flight-tested at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in Shah Alam, Malaysia. The project was funding under a grant from the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI). The UAV is propeller-driven by a DC brushless motor, powered by a 500 W proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cell. The objective was to demonstrate the design and technological challenges involved and determine the relative merits or shortcomings that fuel cell electrically-powered propulsion systems have over conventional systems. This final project report describes the UAV design and power plant's performance. The results of this analysis will be used to improve the UAV and power plant system for future research and production models
Single-phase half-bridge active power filter (APF) in conjunction with uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007
A mathematical approach of modeling and analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is pres... more A mathematical approach of modeling and analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is presented. The three-phase flyback converter required a unique pattern of PWM to optimize the power transfer in the magnetic circuit used in the converter. The three-phase PWM is generated digitally based on uniform symmetrical sampling technique using Xilinx chip. The generated PWM pattern is able to reduce the magnitude of the low order of harmonic components present in the input ac supply. Although software simulation could simulate the PWM pattern, it does not represent the exact pattern as being generated digitally. The mathematical approach used is to model the PWM pattern exactly as being created digitally. The proposed mathematical technique could also be used to analyze any digital PWM. The result of the mathematical analysis on the PWM pattern could be used to study the characteristics of the pattern such as maximum and minimum value of duty cycle, pulsewidth, turn-on time, turn-off time, and modulation index. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, the results obtained from the mathematical model, experimental, and simulation using PSpice were compared.
Modeling and simulation of Photovoltaic (PV) array and maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for grid-connected PV system
2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE), 2011
In this paper a validated, generic and user-friendly PV array and MPPT models are presented in th... more In this paper a validated, generic and user-friendly PV array and MPPT models are presented in the mathematical modeling and circuit-based approach. The PV array model accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs I-V and P-V characteristics. The Hill Climbing (HC) algorithm is implemented to track the maximum power point (MPP). The model is validated against data obtained
This paper describes the field performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system using s... more This paper describes the field performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system using single junction amorphous silicon PV modules installed in Shah Alam, Malaysia over a period of one year. The system consists of fifteen Kaneka K60 PV modules and connected to the grid by indirectfeed via an SMA Sunny Boy 1200. The system has been continuously monitored and analyzed in accordance with international standards and guidelines. The results showed that the average daily irradiation at the site ranges from 3.34 to 4.47 kWh/m 2. The average daily array and final yields were 3.83 kWh/kWp and 3.46 kWh/kWp, respectively. The array and system efficiencies were 5.93% and 5.35 % respectively. At the end of the first year of operation, the total AC energy production was 1,128 kWh and the annual performance ratio was 85%. However, there appears to be a steady decline in array and system efficiencies. Nevertheless, these performance values were among the highest compared to all other systems from the cited literature.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2018
This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Hybrid Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (HSAPV). ... more This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Hybrid Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (HSAPV). In this research, three optimization techniques have been developed, namely Dolphin Echolocation Algorithm (DEA), Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP), and Classical Evolutionary Programming (CEP). These techniques have been incorporated into the sizing process to maximize the technical performance of the SAPV system. The components of PV modules, charge controllers, inverters, and batteries are used to determine the optimum value. These components are used as the control parameters to maximize the expected performance ratio (PR) of the SAPV system. The Iterative Sizing Algorithm (ISA) is the benchmarking technique to conduct the optimization technique achieving maximum PR value and minimal computation time. Results obtained from the research show that DE overcomes FEP and CEP. In addition, the optimization techniques also demonstrated comparatively fast with respect to ISA as the benchma...
Scientific Research Journal, 2020
The failure detection in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has become an important aspect... more The failure detection in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has become an important aspect of solving the issue of the reduced energy output in the PV system. One of the methods in detecting failure is by using the threshold-based method to compute the ratio of actual and predicted DC array current and DC string voltage value. This value will be applied in the failure detection algorithm by using power loss analysis and may reduce the time, cost and labour needed to measure the quality of the energy output of the PV system. This study presented the threshold value of DC array current and DC string voltage to be implemented in the algorithm of fault detection in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under the Malaysian climate. Data from the PV system located at Green Energy Research Center (GERC) was recorded in 12 months interval using the monocrystalline PV modules. The actual data was recorded using five minutes interval for 30 consecutive days. The prediction of the dat...
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017
This paper presents the development of online performance monitoring methods for gridconnected ph... more This paper presents the development of online performance monitoring methods for gridconnected photovoltaic (GCPV) system based on hybrid Improved Fast Evolutionary Programming and Artificial Neural Network (IFEP-ANN). The approach has been developed and validated using previous predicted data measurement. Solar radiation (SR), module temperature (MT) and ambient temperature (AT) has been employed as the inputs, and AC output power (PAC) as the sole output to the neural network model. The actual data from the server has been called and uploaded every five minute interval into Matlab by using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and the predicted AC output power has been produced based on the prediction developed in the training stages. It is then compared with the actual AC output power by using Average Test Ratio, AR. Any predicted AC output power less than the threshold set up, indicates an error has been occurred in the system. The obtained results show that the hybrid IFEP-ANN gives good performance by producing a sufficiently high correlation coefficient, R value of 0.9885. Besides, the proposed technique can analyse and monitor the system in online mode.
The effect of distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power systems on low voltage utility supply
International Journal of Renewable Energy, 2017
This paper describes the effect of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) power system on the low vol... more This paper describes the effect of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) power system on the low voltage utility power supply based on Malaysian climate variations. Detailed analysis on the issues has been conducted based on the theoretical concept using phasor diagrams covering effects on both, load side as well as the utility power supply side. The theoretical concept is validated using actual data measurement carried out at Green Energy Research Centre (GERC), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor. The prediction and detailed analysis of electrical parameters were carried out using MathCAD software. The results show good agreement between predicted and actual data.
In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that... more In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that the client looks at, as it has direct impact when it involves a Feed-In-Tariff (FiT) scheme. A good technique is needed for this, but, at the same time, should be simple yet precise. Depending on the cost, time and complexity, a balance is needed between simplicity and accuracy. In this work, a simplified modeling technique is proposed to predict the yield and check the optimum power sizing of a GCPV system. These models not only predict reasonably accurate yield, but also detects the optimal matching of PV to inverter power capacities. The user can then examine the GCPV system in a simple and relatively fast, yet reasonably accurate manner. The models used are steady-state equations that take into consideration the major factors affecting yield, such as: array power; irradiation; mismatch; temperature; dirt; cable efficiency; and inverter efficiency. This technique was then tested on two separate GCPV systems installed in Malaysia. One month datasets were used to investigate and validate the models. The results show good agreement between the predicted against the actual values measured. These models not only predict reasonably well results but also enables the user to detect the matching of optimum sizing of the GCPV system. The owner can then examine the system in a simple and relatively fast manner.
Fault Detection Approach in Photovoltaic System Using Mathematical Method Diagnosis
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
Diagnostic method for finding fault in photovoltaic (PV) system was developed. This method was ca... more Diagnostic method for finding fault in photovoltaic (PV) system was developed. This method was calculated using the mathematical method in the MATLAB environment by considering the condition of the site. This method also acquires actual data or historical data from PV system database. However, these data must be restructured according to the format database template required to be read by the MATLAB environment. Faults on the PV system can be detected using a practical verification method applied to this technology. Fault detection algorithm of this study was derived from the power loss factor analysis studies. The statistical method using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software involved in this study was to determine thecurrent and voltage ratio threshold in the algorithm. At the end of the diagnosis, this technology will propose a PV system maintenance advisory. Besides, it is found very valuable since it significantly shortens the PV systems examining and prese...
A novel combination of direct and indirect (CoDId) method of MPPT for power losses reduction
International Review on Modelling and Simulations, 2012
In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that... more In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that the client looks at, as it has direct impact when it involves a Feed-In-Tariff (FiT) scheme. A good technique is needed for this, but, at the same time, should be simple yet precise. Depending on the cost, time and complexity, a balance is needed between simplicity and accuracy. In this work, a simplified modeling technique is proposed to predict the yield and check the optimum power sizing of a GCPV system. These models not only predict reasonably accurate yield, but also detects the optimal matching of PV to inverter power capacities. The user can then examine the GCPV system in a simple and relatively fast, yet reasonably accurate manner. The models used are steady-state equations that take into consideration the major factors affecting yield, such as: array power; irradiation; mismatch; temperature; dirt; cable efficiency; and inverter efficiency. This technique was then tested on t...
Development of an automated solar photovoltaic tracking system / Ahmad Maliki Omar, Sulaiman Shaari and Abdul Rahman Omar
This research involves the design and development of a prototype product code-named SolT 2A is a ... more This research involves the design and development of a prototype product code-named SolT 2A is a system that tracks the position of the sun automatically across the celestial vault in two axes. This kind of system is typically used in a solar photovoltaic (PV) system in terrestrial applications as well as extra-terrestrial applications such as spaceships and satellite systems to provide electrical power. It is designed and fabricated due to two main problems: a) Malaysia is located in the equator, thus the solar altitude crosses the zenith and the azimuth reverses direction; and b) Malaysia has a space programme that requires the use of solar PV power for its space satellites and probably later-on spaceship technology. These main problems require the use of a two axes solar tracking system. In addition, so far, Malaysia has not implemented such power-tracking systems. Thus SolT 2A has been designed and fabricated to address these problems. SolT 2A uses a combination of electro-mecha...
Computational performance of artificial immune system-based sizing technique for grid-connected photovoltaic system / Ismail Musirin … [et al.]
In grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) operation, the solar energy generated by the photovo... more In grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) operation, the solar energy generated by the photovoltaic (PV) array is directly used to supply the load demand and the excess energy is exported to the utility grid via an inverter. Although the GCPV systems have become popular in Malaysian residential power systems, the optimal design of GCPV system is still an issue to the local GCPV system integrator. The design process commonly known as sizing process is a very important aspect in GCPV system design as the performance of the sizing components are heavily influenced by inconsistent solar radiation, ambient temperature and wind speed [A. Mellit et. al., 2009]. An undersized or oversized GCPV system could either increase the overall system cost or degrade the performance of the GCPV system (Kil et. al., 1994). Previously, J.D. Mondol et. al. (2009), S. Islam et. al. (2003) and Van der Borg (2003) and J.D. Mondol (2006) had investigated the optimal GCPV system design using both empirical...
Prediction of AC power output in grid-connected photovoltaic system using Artificial Neural Network with multi-variable inputs
This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for predicting the output power fro... more This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for predicting the output power from Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) system. Different inputs are utilized in several models of ANN in order to obtain the output power. ANN parameters are chosen using trial-and-error method to find the optimal value of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (R2). The study involved training and testing mode through ANN. Result showed that ANN model 1 (with 6 input data) performs superior result compared to the other models.
Operating temperature correlation with ambient factors of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) grid-connected (GC) system in Malaysia
Power Converter for Dual-Power PV-Grid System Utilizing Optimized Switching Angles of 21-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
In the dual-power PV-grid system, the PV-battery system and grid system are operated alternately ... more In the dual-power PV-grid system, the PV-battery system and grid system are operated alternately during the on-demand and off-demand period. Power converter in the system is used to boost, regulate and convert DC sources from PV to AC. Multilevel inverter is desirable in the PV energy system owing to its capability of synthesizing ‘stepped’ AC output from several DC sources. The structure allows the inverter to reach high voltages with low harmonic and low component ratings. However, the main drawbacks of this type of inverter may include high number of power switches in the circuit, voltage balancing problem and it only operates when the sum of the input DC voltages is higher than the amplitude of the grid voltage at all the time. This chapter explains and discusses the design of power converter in the dual-power PV-grid system utilizing 21-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. Five PV strings of separate DC sources are cascaded to produce the 21-level H-bridge cascaded mult...
Optimal Sizing Stand Alone Photovoltaic System Using Evolutionary Programming
The project is about development of Optimal Sizing Software of Stand-alone Photovoltaic System at... more The project is about development of Optimal Sizing Software of Stand-alone Photovoltaic System at minimum cost. The software has the capabilities to optimize the PV configuration array and battery bank configuration array at lowest cost using Evolutionary Programming (EP) algorithm. This software also can calculate the system design cost, and the maintenance cost. The result showed best system cost reduction has been achieved using EP algorithm. This method provides a fast solution to give the best result.
Dolphin Echolocation — Based sizing algorithm for stand-alone photovoltaic system
2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI)
This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. T... more This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. Three optimization techniques were developed, namely Dolphin Echolocation (DE), Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP) and Classical Evolutionary Programming (CEP). These techniques had been incorporated into the sizing process to maximize the Performance Ratio (PR) of the system by determining the optimal PV modules, charge controllers, inverters, and batteries. The results showed that DE outperformed FEP and CEP in producing the highest PR.
A fuel cell powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV) named Kenyalang-1 ("Hornbill") was desig... more A fuel cell powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV) named Kenyalang-1 ("Hornbill") was designed, built, and flight-tested at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in Shah Alam, Malaysia. The project was funding under a grant from the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI). The UAV is propeller-driven by a DC brushless motor, powered by a 500 W proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cell. The objective was to demonstrate the design and technological challenges involved and determine the relative merits or shortcomings that fuel cell electrically-powered propulsion systems have over conventional systems. This final project report describes the UAV design and power plant's performance. The results of this analysis will be used to improve the UAV and power plant system for future research and production models
Single-phase half-bridge active power filter (APF) in conjunction with uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007
A mathematical approach of modeling and analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is pres... more A mathematical approach of modeling and analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is presented. The three-phase flyback converter required a unique pattern of PWM to optimize the power transfer in the magnetic circuit used in the converter. The three-phase PWM is generated digitally based on uniform symmetrical sampling technique using Xilinx chip. The generated PWM pattern is able to reduce the magnitude of the low order of harmonic components present in the input ac supply. Although software simulation could simulate the PWM pattern, it does not represent the exact pattern as being generated digitally. The mathematical approach used is to model the PWM pattern exactly as being created digitally. The proposed mathematical technique could also be used to analyze any digital PWM. The result of the mathematical analysis on the PWM pattern could be used to study the characteristics of the pattern such as maximum and minimum value of duty cycle, pulsewidth, turn-on time, turn-off time, and modulation index. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, the results obtained from the mathematical model, experimental, and simulation using PSpice were compared.
Modeling and simulation of Photovoltaic (PV) array and maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for grid-connected PV system
2011 3rd International Symposium & Exhibition in Sustainable Energy & Environment (ISESEE), 2011
In this paper a validated, generic and user-friendly PV array and MPPT models are presented in th... more In this paper a validated, generic and user-friendly PV array and MPPT models are presented in the mathematical modeling and circuit-based approach. The PV array model accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs I-V and P-V characteristics. The Hill Climbing (HC) algorithm is implemented to track the maximum power point (MPP). The model is validated against data obtained
This paper describes the field performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system using s... more This paper describes the field performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system using single junction amorphous silicon PV modules installed in Shah Alam, Malaysia over a period of one year. The system consists of fifteen Kaneka K60 PV modules and connected to the grid by indirectfeed via an SMA Sunny Boy 1200. The system has been continuously monitored and analyzed in accordance with international standards and guidelines. The results showed that the average daily irradiation at the site ranges from 3.34 to 4.47 kWh/m 2. The average daily array and final yields were 3.83 kWh/kWp and 3.46 kWh/kWp, respectively. The array and system efficiencies were 5.93% and 5.35 % respectively. At the end of the first year of operation, the total AC energy production was 1,128 kWh and the annual performance ratio was 85%. However, there appears to be a steady decline in array and system efficiencies. Nevertheless, these performance values were among the highest compared to all other systems from the cited literature.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2018
This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Hybrid Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (HSAPV). ... more This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Hybrid Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (HSAPV). In this research, three optimization techniques have been developed, namely Dolphin Echolocation Algorithm (DEA), Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP), and Classical Evolutionary Programming (CEP). These techniques have been incorporated into the sizing process to maximize the technical performance of the SAPV system. The components of PV modules, charge controllers, inverters, and batteries are used to determine the optimum value. These components are used as the control parameters to maximize the expected performance ratio (PR) of the SAPV system. The Iterative Sizing Algorithm (ISA) is the benchmarking technique to conduct the optimization technique achieving maximum PR value and minimal computation time. Results obtained from the research show that DE overcomes FEP and CEP. In addition, the optimization techniques also demonstrated comparatively fast with respect to ISA as the benchma...
Scientific Research Journal, 2020
The failure detection in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has become an important aspect... more The failure detection in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has become an important aspect of solving the issue of the reduced energy output in the PV system. One of the methods in detecting failure is by using the threshold-based method to compute the ratio of actual and predicted DC array current and DC string voltage value. This value will be applied in the failure detection algorithm by using power loss analysis and may reduce the time, cost and labour needed to measure the quality of the energy output of the PV system. This study presented the threshold value of DC array current and DC string voltage to be implemented in the algorithm of fault detection in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under the Malaysian climate. Data from the PV system located at Green Energy Research Center (GERC) was recorded in 12 months interval using the monocrystalline PV modules. The actual data was recorded using five minutes interval for 30 consecutive days. The prediction of the dat...
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017
This paper presents the development of online performance monitoring methods for gridconnected ph... more This paper presents the development of online performance monitoring methods for gridconnected photovoltaic (GCPV) system based on hybrid Improved Fast Evolutionary Programming and Artificial Neural Network (IFEP-ANN). The approach has been developed and validated using previous predicted data measurement. Solar radiation (SR), module temperature (MT) and ambient temperature (AT) has been employed as the inputs, and AC output power (PAC) as the sole output to the neural network model. The actual data from the server has been called and uploaded every five minute interval into Matlab by using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and the predicted AC output power has been produced based on the prediction developed in the training stages. It is then compared with the actual AC output power by using Average Test Ratio, AR. Any predicted AC output power less than the threshold set up, indicates an error has been occurred in the system. The obtained results show that the hybrid IFEP-ANN gives good performance by producing a sufficiently high correlation coefficient, R value of 0.9885. Besides, the proposed technique can analyse and monitor the system in online mode.
The effect of distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power systems on low voltage utility supply
International Journal of Renewable Energy, 2017
This paper describes the effect of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) power system on the low vol... more This paper describes the effect of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) power system on the low voltage utility power supply based on Malaysian climate variations. Detailed analysis on the issues has been conducted based on the theoretical concept using phasor diagrams covering effects on both, load side as well as the utility power supply side. The theoretical concept is validated using actual data measurement carried out at Green Energy Research Centre (GERC), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor. The prediction and detailed analysis of electrical parameters were carried out using MathCAD software. The results show good agreement between predicted and actual data.
In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that... more In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that the client looks at, as it has direct impact when it involves a Feed-In-Tariff (FiT) scheme. A good technique is needed for this, but, at the same time, should be simple yet precise. Depending on the cost, time and complexity, a balance is needed between simplicity and accuracy. In this work, a simplified modeling technique is proposed to predict the yield and check the optimum power sizing of a GCPV system. These models not only predict reasonably accurate yield, but also detects the optimal matching of PV to inverter power capacities. The user can then examine the GCPV system in a simple and relatively fast, yet reasonably accurate manner. The models used are steady-state equations that take into consideration the major factors affecting yield, such as: array power; irradiation; mismatch; temperature; dirt; cable efficiency; and inverter efficiency. This technique was then tested on two separate GCPV systems installed in Malaysia. One month datasets were used to investigate and validate the models. The results show good agreement between the predicted against the actual values measured. These models not only predict reasonably well results but also enables the user to detect the matching of optimum sizing of the GCPV system. The owner can then examine the system in a simple and relatively fast manner.
Fault Detection Approach in Photovoltaic System Using Mathematical Method Diagnosis
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
Diagnostic method for finding fault in photovoltaic (PV) system was developed. This method was ca... more Diagnostic method for finding fault in photovoltaic (PV) system was developed. This method was calculated using the mathematical method in the MATLAB environment by considering the condition of the site. This method also acquires actual data or historical data from PV system database. However, these data must be restructured according to the format database template required to be read by the MATLAB environment. Faults on the PV system can be detected using a practical verification method applied to this technology. Fault detection algorithm of this study was derived from the power loss factor analysis studies. The statistical method using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software involved in this study was to determine thecurrent and voltage ratio threshold in the algorithm. At the end of the diagnosis, this technology will propose a PV system maintenance advisory. Besides, it is found very valuable since it significantly shortens the PV systems examining and prese...
A novel combination of direct and indirect (CoDId) method of MPPT for power losses reduction
International Review on Modelling and Simulations, 2012
In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that... more In any grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, yield is amongst the most important aspect that the client looks at, as it has direct impact when it involves a Feed-In-Tariff (FiT) scheme. A good technique is needed for this, but, at the same time, should be simple yet precise. Depending on the cost, time and complexity, a balance is needed between simplicity and accuracy. In this work, a simplified modeling technique is proposed to predict the yield and check the optimum power sizing of a GCPV system. These models not only predict reasonably accurate yield, but also detects the optimal matching of PV to inverter power capacities. The user can then examine the GCPV system in a simple and relatively fast, yet reasonably accurate manner. The models used are steady-state equations that take into consideration the major factors affecting yield, such as: array power; irradiation; mismatch; temperature; dirt; cable efficiency; and inverter efficiency. This technique was then tested on t...
Development of an automated solar photovoltaic tracking system / Ahmad Maliki Omar, Sulaiman Shaari and Abdul Rahman Omar
This research involves the design and development of a prototype product code-named SolT 2A is a ... more This research involves the design and development of a prototype product code-named SolT 2A is a system that tracks the position of the sun automatically across the celestial vault in two axes. This kind of system is typically used in a solar photovoltaic (PV) system in terrestrial applications as well as extra-terrestrial applications such as spaceships and satellite systems to provide electrical power. It is designed and fabricated due to two main problems: a) Malaysia is located in the equator, thus the solar altitude crosses the zenith and the azimuth reverses direction; and b) Malaysia has a space programme that requires the use of solar PV power for its space satellites and probably later-on spaceship technology. These main problems require the use of a two axes solar tracking system. In addition, so far, Malaysia has not implemented such power-tracking systems. Thus SolT 2A has been designed and fabricated to address these problems. SolT 2A uses a combination of electro-mecha...
Computational performance of artificial immune system-based sizing technique for grid-connected photovoltaic system / Ismail Musirin … [et al.]
In grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) operation, the solar energy generated by the photovo... more In grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) operation, the solar energy generated by the photovoltaic (PV) array is directly used to supply the load demand and the excess energy is exported to the utility grid via an inverter. Although the GCPV systems have become popular in Malaysian residential power systems, the optimal design of GCPV system is still an issue to the local GCPV system integrator. The design process commonly known as sizing process is a very important aspect in GCPV system design as the performance of the sizing components are heavily influenced by inconsistent solar radiation, ambient temperature and wind speed [A. Mellit et. al., 2009]. An undersized or oversized GCPV system could either increase the overall system cost or degrade the performance of the GCPV system (Kil et. al., 1994). Previously, J.D. Mondol et. al. (2009), S. Islam et. al. (2003) and Van der Borg (2003) and J.D. Mondol (2006) had investigated the optimal GCPV system design using both empirical...
Prediction of AC power output in grid-connected photovoltaic system using Artificial Neural Network with multi-variable inputs
This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for predicting the output power fro... more This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for predicting the output power from Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) system. Different inputs are utilized in several models of ANN in order to obtain the output power. ANN parameters are chosen using trial-and-error method to find the optimal value of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (R2). The study involved training and testing mode through ANN. Result showed that ANN model 1 (with 6 input data) performs superior result compared to the other models.
Operating temperature correlation with ambient factors of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) grid-connected (GC) system in Malaysia
Power Converter for Dual-Power PV-Grid System Utilizing Optimized Switching Angles of 21-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
In the dual-power PV-grid system, the PV-battery system and grid system are operated alternately ... more In the dual-power PV-grid system, the PV-battery system and grid system are operated alternately during the on-demand and off-demand period. Power converter in the system is used to boost, regulate and convert DC sources from PV to AC. Multilevel inverter is desirable in the PV energy system owing to its capability of synthesizing ‘stepped’ AC output from several DC sources. The structure allows the inverter to reach high voltages with low harmonic and low component ratings. However, the main drawbacks of this type of inverter may include high number of power switches in the circuit, voltage balancing problem and it only operates when the sum of the input DC voltages is higher than the amplitude of the grid voltage at all the time. This chapter explains and discusses the design of power converter in the dual-power PV-grid system utilizing 21-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. Five PV strings of separate DC sources are cascaded to produce the 21-level H-bridge cascaded mult...
Optimal Sizing Stand Alone Photovoltaic System Using Evolutionary Programming
The project is about development of Optimal Sizing Software of Stand-alone Photovoltaic System at... more The project is about development of Optimal Sizing Software of Stand-alone Photovoltaic System at minimum cost. The software has the capabilities to optimize the PV configuration array and battery bank configuration array at lowest cost using Evolutionary Programming (EP) algorithm. This software also can calculate the system design cost, and the maintenance cost. The result showed best system cost reduction has been achieved using EP algorithm. This method provides a fast solution to give the best result.
Dolphin Echolocation — Based sizing algorithm for stand-alone photovoltaic system
2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI)
This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. T... more This paper presents a sizing optimization technique for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. Three optimization techniques were developed, namely Dolphin Echolocation (DE), Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP) and Classical Evolutionary Programming (CEP). These techniques had been incorporated into the sizing process to maximize the Performance Ratio (PR) of the system by determining the optimal PV modules, charge controllers, inverters, and batteries. The results showed that DE outperformed FEP and CEP in producing the highest PR.