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Papers by Mamdouh El-Maghraby

Veterinary World

Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of death in calves, and ea... more Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of death in calves, and early BRD diagnosis saves lives. This study aimed to diagnose clinical and subclinical BRD in calves by assessing some biochemical alterations and ultrasonography (USG). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Holstein dairy calves in Al-Sharqiyah Province, Egypt, were used in the study. They were divided into three groups. The first control group consisted of 10 clinically healthy calves. The second group consisted of 34 calves suffering from clinical lower respiratory tract disorders. The third group consisted of 10 subclinical BRD-affected calves. Ultrasonographic examinations of chest and thoracic ultrasound scoring were performed once per 2 weeks for each calf. Blood samples were collected for serum separation to measure albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), ALB, globulin, and haptoglobin (HP). Results: The USG revealed small consolidation areas within an aerated lung lobe, a hypoechoic parenc...

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) has been the most prevalent causative agent of enteritis in puppies t... more Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) has been the most prevalent causative agent of enteritis in puppies throughout Egypt and all around the globe. Following its first identification in 1978, CPV-2 became swiftly supplanted with three antigen subtypes: CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. The three subtypes of CPV-2 have been reported in Egypt. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor clinical findings, laboratory changes in puppies suffered from CPV, and its molecular characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing to further understand the subtypes of CPV-2 that are present in dogs in Ismailia, Egypt. The clinical signs of infected puppies were vomiting, dehydration, and foul-smelling bloody diarrhea. Microcytic hypochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia were evident in association with leucopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia. In addition, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia were also recorded in diseased puppies. All 47 tested fecal samples were positive to CPV-2 when examined by PCR and gel electrophoresis. The sequence analysis of CPV-2 showed that the most common subtype is CPV-2a that is followed by CPV-2b as well as CPV-2c with percentages of 71.4%, 14.3%, and 14.3%, respectively. In conclusion, CPV-2a was the predominant subtype isolated from the examined puppies and was responsible for the characteristic clinical signs and laboratory changes in diseased dogs. Moreover, epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the prevalence of CPV serotypes in Egypt.

AMB Express, 2022

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichiacoli (STEC) is incriminated in severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, w... more Shiga-toxigenic Escherichiacoli (STEC) is incriminated in severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, which is considered a veterinary and public health alarm. To investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence determinants, and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC strains isolated from dogs: 80 fecal samples were obtained from diseased dogs suffering from hemorrhagic diarrhea from pet animal clinics in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. The obtained samples were examined bacteriologically. Moreover, the retrieved isolates were tested for serogrouping, Congo-red binding, antimicrobial resistance, and PCR-based determination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of E.coli in the examined diseased dogs was 23.75% (19/80). The serogrouping of the recovered isolates revealed that 84.2% of the tested isolates were distributed into three serogroups: O146 (36.8%), O111 (31.5%), and O26 (15.7%). Meanwhile, three isolates were untypabl...

We obtained the full genome of Middle East respira-tory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a ca... more We obtained the full genome of Middle East respira-tory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a camel in Qatar. This virus is highly similar to the human Eng-land/Qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. The MERS-CoV from the camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of MERS-CoV from camels. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans (1,2). MERS-CoV clusters with viruses in the genus Beta-coronavirus; the closest relative to this virus is bat CoVs clade 2c (3). Although bats are believed to carry different CoV ancestors, antibody reactivity against MERS-CoV has been found in serum from dromedary camels from countries within the Arabian Peninsula (4–7), Egypt (8), and the Canary Islands (4). More recently, MERS-CoVs that phylogenetically cluster with human MERS-CoVs

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2016

The newly identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which causes severe... more The newly identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which causes severe respiratory disease, particularly in people with comorbidities, requires further investigation. Studies in Qatar and elsewhere have provided evidence that dromedary camels are a reservoir for the virus, but the exact modes of transmission of MERS-CoV to humans remain unclear. In February 2014, an assessment was made of the suitability and sensitivity of different types of sample for the detection of MERSCoV by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for three gene targets: UpE (upstream of the E gene), the N (nucleocapsid) gene and open reading frame (ORF) 1a. Fifty-three animals presented for slaughter were sampled. A high percentage of the sampled camels (79% [95% confidence interval 66.9-91.5%, standard error 0.0625]; 42 out of 53) were shown to be shedding MERS-CoV at the time of slaughter, yet all the animals were apparently healthy. Among the virus-posit...

Two of the earliest Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases were men who had visited the Do... more Two of the earliest Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases were men who had visited the Doha central animal market and adjoining slaughterhouse in Qatar. We show that a high proportion of camels presenting for slaughter in Qatar show evidence for nasal MERS-CoV shedding (62/105). Sequence analysis showed the circulation of at least five different virus strains at these premises, suggesting that this location is a driver of MERS-CoV circulation and a high-risk area for human exposure. No correlation between RNA loads and levels of neutralizing antibodies was observed, suggesting limited immune protection and potential for reinfection despite previous exposure.

We obtained the full genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a cam... more We obtained the full genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a camel in Qatar. This virus is highly similar to the human England/Qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. The MERS-CoV from the camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of MERS-CoV from camels.

Background and Aim: Zinc has a wide spectrum of biological activities and its deficiency has been... more Background and Aim: Zinc has a wide spectrum of biological activities and its deficiency has been related to various dysfunctions. This study aimed to clarify the clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes in Holstein dairy calves with naturally occurring hypozincemia before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 25 Holstein dairy calves <1 month of age in the El-Salhya Dairy Farm, Al-Sharqiya Province, Egypt. Calves were born from apparent healthy dams without any clinical signs of zinc deficiency. They were divided into two groups. The first group (G1) included five clinically healthy calves that were used as controls. The second group (G2) included 20 calves suffering from alopecia and skin lesions. The diseased calves were then treated by oral administration of zinc oxide at the rate of 80 mg/day for 10 successive days and then 20 mg/week for 2 weeks (G3). A total of 90 samples, whole blood and serum samples were collected during the s...

Emerging infectious diseases, 2014