Mamdouh Kamal Zaki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mamdouh Kamal Zaki
Forensic Science International: Reports
Forensic Science International: Reports, 2022
Legal Medicine, 2021
COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a l... more COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a lesson learned that guides future preparedness for similar casualties. Thus, the present study takes an in-depth look at the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arab world. A comprehensive questionnaire was adopted in compliance with optimum international standards for the management of deaths during the pandemic. The survey was electronically distributed in 13 Arab countries. The responses were received from 29 forensic practitioners from 11 countries. Total median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of respondents constituted 37.9%, 74%, and 36.8% of optimum scores respectively. Regarding knowledge, better scores are related to risk assessment and routes of exposure to Coronavirus, whereas, least scores were related to ventilation and negative pressure system. Most of the participants had a positive attitude, 85.2% were concerned about proper management of COVID-19 deaths, and 77.8% trusted the decisions of their teams. Considering practice, better scores are related to forensic staff competence, whereas, least scores were related to the implementation of ideal safety measures. Participants described the management process as useful (52%), reliable (35%), high quality (21%), and cost-effective (17%), however, they expressed challenges as staff infection, limited resources, and infrastructure issues. This survey guides readjusting of procedures and future preparedness for similar disasters in the Arab world. This research adopted a questionnaire that could be used in initial and periodic assessments in any medicolegal institute worldwide. Also, it could support infrastructure projects and disaster management plans.
Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2010
A retrospective study was carried out on 160 suicide cases autopsied at the Forensic Medicine Cen... more A retrospective study was carried out on 160 suicide cases autopsied at the Forensic Medicine Center in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (from 2003 to 2007).
The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, 2018
Background: Worldwide, there is a great discrepancy between the hospital and forensic reporting. ... more Background: Worldwide, there is a great discrepancy between the hospital and forensic reporting. The medical team priority is saving the lives of victims especially in case of fatal or dangerous wounding. Hence, minimal documentation will be expected under these conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the awareness of emergency department (ED) physicians toward the legal and ethical aspects of the management of medicolegal cases, assessment of physical and sexual abuse, photo-documentation, and management of forensic evidence in emergency circumstances. This is the first study to investigate this critical topic in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The authors accomplished a cross-sectional study in EDs in major Jeddah hospitals during April–May 2017. The authors used a self-administrated questionnaire and used the Survey-Monkey engine and SPSS Statistics for data gathering and statistical analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 137 ED physicians from the main four general hospitals in Jeddah participated in the study. Most of the physicians were males. Most of the participants did not receive any training program in writing medicolegal reports in ED. About two-thirds of the respondents were certain that their workplace provided a specified protocol about collecting evidence from a medicolegal case until referral to forensic medical centers. On the other hand, 86.1% did not have any training program in evidence collection in EDs. Most of the participants believed that they needed more training programs concerning management of medicolegal cases at ED. Conclusion: Although the level of awareness is significantly high, more than half of the physicians considered that the current approach of medicolegal cases was inappropriate. Medical students and residents need more training programs in medicolegal reporting and chain of custody as well as for specialists and consultants.
Crowd management is defined as the systematic planning for, and supervision of, the orderly movem... more Crowd management is defined as the systematic planning for, and supervision of, the orderly movement and assembly of people. Crowd management involves the assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to use. It includes evaluation of projected levels of occupancy, adequacy of means of ingress and egress, processing procedures such as expected types of activities and group behavior. Crowd control is the restriction or limitation of group behavior. Crowd control may be part of a crowd management plan, or occur as an unplanned reaction to a group problem. It can include extreme measures to enforce order, such as the use of force, arrest, or threat of personal injury. It may employ barriers that alter the space available for occupancy and patterns of group movement. Inappropriate or poorly managed control procedures have precipitated crowd incidents rather than preventing them. The Hierarchy of Crowd Management & Risk Factors are discussed.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
This study involved the full-body visualisation of a firearm injury victim after exhumation with ... more This study involved the full-body visualisation of a firearm injury victim after exhumation with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) as a complement to and subsequent comparison with the classical forensic autopsy findings . Whole Body Scan (WBS) was done of the exhumed body and complete scan data of the head, neck, trunk & lower limbs were acquired by use of one acquisition of less than 1 minute of scanning time. Subsequent to this INFOPSY™ a customised Forensic specific Visualisation solution was used for twodimensional multiplanar reformations and threedimensional volume reconstructions. The application runs on high performance computing platform with a high definition resolution display. The body retrieved after exhumation was in advanced state of decomposition and dissection was difficult. The digital autopsy, even when post-processing time was added, was faster than the classical forensic autopsy. More importantly the objective non invasive approach of Digital Autopsy offers...
It is often very difficult to determine whether the fall from a height resulted from an accident ... more It is often very difficult to determine whether the fall from a height resulted from an accident or whether it was a suicide or homicide, especially if there were no witnesses and no suicide note or any other indications of a potential suicide. Depending on the length of the descent and body positioning upon impact, injury type and severity in the fall from a height can vary from one case to the next. Also for drowning it is not easy to determinate the manner but there are a number of indicators associated with suicide by drowning that may be helpful in making a determination such as history of swimming and previous suicide, age, the time of death, entry point, alcohol and wounds. The current study presents a confusing case of suicide of a lady in the fifth decade of life and a known case of psychiatric disorder. In the crime scene, she was found upside down semi-sunken in a cesspool. The suspicion of simple suicide fall from height was the first impression of police detectives due ...
The current case study describes the death of a young female due to drowning. Police investigati... more The current case study describes the death of a young female due to drowning. Police investigations affirmed that it was accidental and witnessed by her companion in the swimming pool. The forensic examination and autopsy performance raised the suspicion of a crime when the dissection revealed extensive hemorrhage in multiple abdominal organs (pancreas, kidney, spleen and intestine) and was not in agreement with the history given by the authorities and witnesses. Her friend was interrogated accordingly. He confessed that he found the dead body and tried to resuscitate her by pressing vigorously on her belly for about 10-15 minutes. A full description of the case and the confirmatory microscopic will be shown in the poster which was the clue for criminal investigators to assure his innocence.
indianjournals.com
... Osama Mohammed Al Madani,1 Magdy Abdel Azim Kharosha,1 Mamdouh Kamal Zaki ,1 Mohammed Abdel S... more ... Osama Mohammed Al Madani,1 Magdy Abdel Azim Kharosha,1 Mamdouh Kamal Zaki ,1 Mohammed Abdel Salam Youssef ,1 OP Murty2 ... Furthermore, this rate is lower than of another study done in a main Turkish city, having almost the same number of population as ours; they ...
The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, 2019
Background: Sexual harassment among school students is a critical public health issue associated ... more Background: Sexual harassment among school students is a critical public health issue associated with considerable physical and psychological consequences. In Islamic countries, the issue is more problematic because most of the victims would not report their harassment for fear of social stigma. Aim of Work: The current work aims to assess knowledge and attitude toward sexual harassment among middle and secondary school Saudi students in Makkah, Jeddah, and Al-Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study aims to promote awareness about the knowledge of sexual harassment among selected study group. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the three cities based on educational administration official approval in the period of 3 months from January to March 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Education's general departments of education in Makkah, Jeddah, and Al-Madinah, and informed consent forms were offe...
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
ABSTRACT Background In dead bodies with relatively short time of death, it is rarely a problem... more ABSTRACT Background In dead bodies with relatively short time of death, it is rarely a problem to distinguish postmortem hypostasis from bruises in discolored skin. When decomposition of dead bodies advanced, it may be difficult to differentiate between them due to discoloration of putrefaction. Methodology This current thesis aimed at differentiation between antemortem bruises and postmortem discoloration due to hypostasis and discoloration due to putrefactive changes, on the basis of macroscopic examination, including photography and computerized color image analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, microscopic examination using standard stains and immunohistochemical study using anti-Glycophorin A. Fifty cadavers from the Morgue of Zeinhom – Cairo, were studied taking into consideration the circumstances surrounding death and signs of putrefaction, type, site, color, depth of bruises in the skin and underlying tissues. The fifty cases were grouped according to gross examination of skin discoloration into five equals as follows: control group (I); hypostasis group (II); putrefaction group (III); bruising group (IV) and putrefaction with highly suspicion of bruising group (V). Results Although there was a great difficulty in differentiating bruising in case of advanced putrefaction with gross examination alone, there was a significant decrease in all Red-Green-Blue color values between each of the studied groups when each specimen was compared with the adjacent specimens. Moreover, spectrophotometric evaluation of all skin specimens, according to CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) L*a*b* color values, revealed variable results according to each color value. As regards group V (putrefaction with high suspicion of bruising), RBCs' extravasation was found in 20% of skin specimens and 30% of muscle specimens by standard histopathological stains. While, by immunostaining, positive reaction products for GpA were observed in 70% of skin specimens and 90% of muscle specimens, with significant increase in the number of detected cases of bruising by immunostaining in group V when compared to the other staining technique. Conclusion The effectiveness of the studied techniques (gross examination, photography, histopathological study by standard stains and GpA immunostaining) to differentiate between bruising and either hypostasis or pure putrefaction was evident in the current study. In addition, spectrophotometric analysis was proved to be useful only in the differentiation between bruising and pure putrefaction. Although the studied techniques, except histopathological study by standard stains and GpA immunostaining, failed to distinguish between bruising in putrefied specimens with high suspicion of bruising, yet glycophorin A immunostaining was found to be the most useful and sensitive marker than standard histopathological staining.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We would like to thank Forensic Medicine Administrations in Jeddah and Makkah fo... more ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We would like to thank Forensic Medicine Administrations in Jeddah and Makkah for providing such valuable information. RESULTS In the current study, we will provide information on changes in forensic autopsy rates in Jeddah between 1425-1433 Hijri (equivalent to 2004-2012 Gregorian). The rates will be compared with Makkah City "The Holy Capital of Saudi Arabia", & measures to increase it will be revealed. 1. Keystone of all measures: Implementation of a new multidisciplinary procedure at the death scene: application of a new CSI form in which a team formed of representative of the General Attorney office, the forensic medicine examiner and police detective and make an immediate joined and written decision about the necessity for autopsy, based on criminal suspicion. 2. Planning of future scientific meetings with the general attorney assistants and police detectives across different districts in Jeddah to convince them that significant discrepancies between external body examination and forensic autopsy are not rare. 3. Planning of future scientific coordination with the general practitioners in the emergency departments in different hospitals in Jeddah was done to prevent unnecessary referral of natural and hospital deaths to the forensic medicine center, and consequently affecting the overall statistical results. 4. The current study highlights the necessity to reinforce medico-legal education of medical students and physicians in the field of the external examination of bodies, criminal suspicion, death reporting and death certificate. 5. The current work underlines the necessity in the future to perform more forensic autopsies in Saudi Arabia, relying on the previous studies aiming at harmonization of medicolegal autopsy rules.
The congress had given an excellent opportunity to the forensic scientists to learn about the lat... more The congress had given an excellent opportunity to the forensic scientists to learn about the latest doctrinal, scientific, and technological advances in legal medicine and forensic sciences with its workshops, advanced courses, seminars, panels and lectures as well as oral and poster presentations. The most prestigious professionals from the international forensic community will contribute and be a part of this important scientific event. There had been over 1200 poster and oral presentations, with an attendance over than 1300. There had been workshops, symposiums, panels, conferences, lectures and business meetings that held during the congress. You will find some of the free communications in this book. These presentations are the ones that authors preferred their studies to be published as it is in this book. We sincerely hope that you do enjoy these presentations. We are very happy that we had the chance to host most of you in Istanbul. We hope to host you once again in that truly world city where the continents meet with its' enchanting blend of Eastern and Western culture, a vibrant, modern city, with a unique identity, a city which everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime. With our best wishes and regards to you all.
ABSTRACT Examination of war prisoners faces difficulties during Interviewing the victims tortured... more ABSTRACT Examination of war prisoners faces difficulties during Interviewing the victims tortured during custody. It includes the following parameters: (1) Medical Ethics: Primary loyalty to the patient, recommending treatment of prisoners and detainees, avoiding abusive medical treatment, Consent and confidentiality, Security, Involvement of other health professionals in torture, Seeking further information and support. (2) Interviewing with the victims: giving trust, taking a chronological account of ill-treatment, types of questions, summarizing and clarifying, working with interpreters, medical history and past and family history. (3) Examination: order of examination, psychological assessment, medical photography, and documenting on Anatomical drawings forms. (4) Reporting & General Evaluation: according to the local legal authorities. These parameters were discussed in details.
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to describe the suicidal deaths in Cairo City, Egypt. Data were collecte... more This study was conducted to describe the suicidal deaths in Cairo City, Egypt. Data were collected from the cases of suicidal deaths in a 5-year period from 1998 to 2002. The cases were grouped according to age of the cases into six groups: group A (from newborn to 9 years old), group B (10-19 years), group C (20-34 years), group D (35-49 years), group E (50-64 years) and group F (65 years and above), and also grouped according to gender, number of subjects every year, methods of suicide, hospital admission, motives, associated diseases, toxicological analysis results. All data were statistically analyzed. The total number of cases was 254 cases, the majority was males and the rate of suicidal deaths was 0.73 per 100,000 population in the last year of the study. High suicidal deaths prevalence was found in middle age group in both males and females and represented 48.80% of the total number of cases. Burning was the most common method of suicide in both sexes, and represented 32.7% of the total suicidal deaths specially in middle age group. The majority of suicidal deaths was highest in Spring in both gender (36.3%) and lowest in autumn 16.9%. Positive postmortem toxicological screen was seen in 14.60% of persons. Associated psychic and/or chronic diseases were present in 36.20%. Previous attempts were recorded in 9.10% of cases. The motivating family problems were 19.7% followed by financial problems (8.6%), then the conflicts with the other partner (1.6%), and the least due to illegal pregnancy (0.40%).
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011
Aim: The aim of the present study is to correlate between the level of the soluble intercellular ... more Aim: The aim of the present study is to correlate between the level of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (sICAM-1) and the timing of trauma in living individuals. Methodology: Thirty patients were divided, according to the degree of injury severity score (ISS), into three equal groups: mild, moderate, and severe trauma groups. According to sampling time, samples from each group were further subdivided, into three subgroups, within the first 24 h of admission, on the third day, and on the fifth day of admission. The level of sICAM-1 was measured in plasma using the ELISA technique in relation to the time passed since infliction of injury. The control group followed the same order of sampling. Many factors were studied in the current study such as sex, nature of injury, associated severe head injuries, and the combining bone and soft tissue affection. Results: A significant increase was noticed in all subgroups when compared with the control group. A characteristic pattern of sICAM-1 variation with the timing of wounds was at its maximum level on the third day post-trauma and then decreases toward its normal level. This pattern was only affected by the severity of injury with a directly proportional relationship.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2011
Egyptians are one of the first civilisations to practice the removal and examination of internal ... more Egyptians are one of the first civilisations to practice the removal and examination of internal organs of humans. Their practices ranged from embalming to faith healing to surgery and autopsy. Modern radiological studies, together with various forensic techniques, allowed scientists unique glimpses of the state of health in Egypt 4000 years ago and discovered one of the earliest applications of autopsy, the main element of forensic medicine practice today.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2010
Although human sex difference are now better known worldwide, there are few osteometric studies d... more Although human sex difference are now better known worldwide, there are few osteometric studies designed for sex assessment in Egyptians. The current study is the first to be conducted on this population to evaluate sex determination using osteometric mandibular measurements. By the use of spiral CT scan with three dimension reconstruction modality six mandibular measurements were assessed in 330 person (165 males and 165 females). These were subjected to statistical analysis. Many variables showed significant differences and included: bicondylar breadth, gonial angle and minimum ramus breadth. The study concluded that the overall predictive accuracy of this prediction model was 83.9% for whole studied persons. The correct predictive accuracy was 83.6% in males and 84.2% in females.
Forensic Science International: Reports
Forensic Science International: Reports, 2022
Legal Medicine, 2021
COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a l... more COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a lesson learned that guides future preparedness for similar casualties. Thus, the present study takes an in-depth look at the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arab world. A comprehensive questionnaire was adopted in compliance with optimum international standards for the management of deaths during the pandemic. The survey was electronically distributed in 13 Arab countries. The responses were received from 29 forensic practitioners from 11 countries. Total median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of respondents constituted 37.9%, 74%, and 36.8% of optimum scores respectively. Regarding knowledge, better scores are related to risk assessment and routes of exposure to Coronavirus, whereas, least scores were related to ventilation and negative pressure system. Most of the participants had a positive attitude, 85.2% were concerned about proper management of COVID-19 deaths, and 77.8% trusted the decisions of their teams. Considering practice, better scores are related to forensic staff competence, whereas, least scores were related to the implementation of ideal safety measures. Participants described the management process as useful (52%), reliable (35%), high quality (21%), and cost-effective (17%), however, they expressed challenges as staff infection, limited resources, and infrastructure issues. This survey guides readjusting of procedures and future preparedness for similar disasters in the Arab world. This research adopted a questionnaire that could be used in initial and periodic assessments in any medicolegal institute worldwide. Also, it could support infrastructure projects and disaster management plans.
Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2010
A retrospective study was carried out on 160 suicide cases autopsied at the Forensic Medicine Cen... more A retrospective study was carried out on 160 suicide cases autopsied at the Forensic Medicine Center in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (from 2003 to 2007).
The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, 2018
Background: Worldwide, there is a great discrepancy between the hospital and forensic reporting. ... more Background: Worldwide, there is a great discrepancy between the hospital and forensic reporting. The medical team priority is saving the lives of victims especially in case of fatal or dangerous wounding. Hence, minimal documentation will be expected under these conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the awareness of emergency department (ED) physicians toward the legal and ethical aspects of the management of medicolegal cases, assessment of physical and sexual abuse, photo-documentation, and management of forensic evidence in emergency circumstances. This is the first study to investigate this critical topic in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The authors accomplished a cross-sectional study in EDs in major Jeddah hospitals during April–May 2017. The authors used a self-administrated questionnaire and used the Survey-Monkey engine and SPSS Statistics for data gathering and statistical analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 137 ED physicians from the main four general hospitals in Jeddah participated in the study. Most of the physicians were males. Most of the participants did not receive any training program in writing medicolegal reports in ED. About two-thirds of the respondents were certain that their workplace provided a specified protocol about collecting evidence from a medicolegal case until referral to forensic medical centers. On the other hand, 86.1% did not have any training program in evidence collection in EDs. Most of the participants believed that they needed more training programs concerning management of medicolegal cases at ED. Conclusion: Although the level of awareness is significantly high, more than half of the physicians considered that the current approach of medicolegal cases was inappropriate. Medical students and residents need more training programs in medicolegal reporting and chain of custody as well as for specialists and consultants.
Crowd management is defined as the systematic planning for, and supervision of, the orderly movem... more Crowd management is defined as the systematic planning for, and supervision of, the orderly movement and assembly of people. Crowd management involves the assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to use. It includes evaluation of projected levels of occupancy, adequacy of means of ingress and egress, processing procedures such as expected types of activities and group behavior. Crowd control is the restriction or limitation of group behavior. Crowd control may be part of a crowd management plan, or occur as an unplanned reaction to a group problem. It can include extreme measures to enforce order, such as the use of force, arrest, or threat of personal injury. It may employ barriers that alter the space available for occupancy and patterns of group movement. Inappropriate or poorly managed control procedures have precipitated crowd incidents rather than preventing them. The Hierarchy of Crowd Management & Risk Factors are discussed.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
This study involved the full-body visualisation of a firearm injury victim after exhumation with ... more This study involved the full-body visualisation of a firearm injury victim after exhumation with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) as a complement to and subsequent comparison with the classical forensic autopsy findings . Whole Body Scan (WBS) was done of the exhumed body and complete scan data of the head, neck, trunk & lower limbs were acquired by use of one acquisition of less than 1 minute of scanning time. Subsequent to this INFOPSY™ a customised Forensic specific Visualisation solution was used for twodimensional multiplanar reformations and threedimensional volume reconstructions. The application runs on high performance computing platform with a high definition resolution display. The body retrieved after exhumation was in advanced state of decomposition and dissection was difficult. The digital autopsy, even when post-processing time was added, was faster than the classical forensic autopsy. More importantly the objective non invasive approach of Digital Autopsy offers...
It is often very difficult to determine whether the fall from a height resulted from an accident ... more It is often very difficult to determine whether the fall from a height resulted from an accident or whether it was a suicide or homicide, especially if there were no witnesses and no suicide note or any other indications of a potential suicide. Depending on the length of the descent and body positioning upon impact, injury type and severity in the fall from a height can vary from one case to the next. Also for drowning it is not easy to determinate the manner but there are a number of indicators associated with suicide by drowning that may be helpful in making a determination such as history of swimming and previous suicide, age, the time of death, entry point, alcohol and wounds. The current study presents a confusing case of suicide of a lady in the fifth decade of life and a known case of psychiatric disorder. In the crime scene, she was found upside down semi-sunken in a cesspool. The suspicion of simple suicide fall from height was the first impression of police detectives due ...
The current case study describes the death of a young female due to drowning. Police investigati... more The current case study describes the death of a young female due to drowning. Police investigations affirmed that it was accidental and witnessed by her companion in the swimming pool. The forensic examination and autopsy performance raised the suspicion of a crime when the dissection revealed extensive hemorrhage in multiple abdominal organs (pancreas, kidney, spleen and intestine) and was not in agreement with the history given by the authorities and witnesses. Her friend was interrogated accordingly. He confessed that he found the dead body and tried to resuscitate her by pressing vigorously on her belly for about 10-15 minutes. A full description of the case and the confirmatory microscopic will be shown in the poster which was the clue for criminal investigators to assure his innocence.
indianjournals.com
... Osama Mohammed Al Madani,1 Magdy Abdel Azim Kharosha,1 Mamdouh Kamal Zaki ,1 Mohammed Abdel S... more ... Osama Mohammed Al Madani,1 Magdy Abdel Azim Kharosha,1 Mamdouh Kamal Zaki ,1 Mohammed Abdel Salam Youssef ,1 OP Murty2 ... Furthermore, this rate is lower than of another study done in a main Turkish city, having almost the same number of population as ours; they ...
The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, 2019
Background: Sexual harassment among school students is a critical public health issue associated ... more Background: Sexual harassment among school students is a critical public health issue associated with considerable physical and psychological consequences. In Islamic countries, the issue is more problematic because most of the victims would not report their harassment for fear of social stigma. Aim of Work: The current work aims to assess knowledge and attitude toward sexual harassment among middle and secondary school Saudi students in Makkah, Jeddah, and Al-Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study aims to promote awareness about the knowledge of sexual harassment among selected study group. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the three cities based on educational administration official approval in the period of 3 months from January to March 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Education's general departments of education in Makkah, Jeddah, and Al-Madinah, and informed consent forms were offe...
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
ABSTRACT Background In dead bodies with relatively short time of death, it is rarely a problem... more ABSTRACT Background In dead bodies with relatively short time of death, it is rarely a problem to distinguish postmortem hypostasis from bruises in discolored skin. When decomposition of dead bodies advanced, it may be difficult to differentiate between them due to discoloration of putrefaction. Methodology This current thesis aimed at differentiation between antemortem bruises and postmortem discoloration due to hypostasis and discoloration due to putrefactive changes, on the basis of macroscopic examination, including photography and computerized color image analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, microscopic examination using standard stains and immunohistochemical study using anti-Glycophorin A. Fifty cadavers from the Morgue of Zeinhom – Cairo, were studied taking into consideration the circumstances surrounding death and signs of putrefaction, type, site, color, depth of bruises in the skin and underlying tissues. The fifty cases were grouped according to gross examination of skin discoloration into five equals as follows: control group (I); hypostasis group (II); putrefaction group (III); bruising group (IV) and putrefaction with highly suspicion of bruising group (V). Results Although there was a great difficulty in differentiating bruising in case of advanced putrefaction with gross examination alone, there was a significant decrease in all Red-Green-Blue color values between each of the studied groups when each specimen was compared with the adjacent specimens. Moreover, spectrophotometric evaluation of all skin specimens, according to CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) L*a*b* color values, revealed variable results according to each color value. As regards group V (putrefaction with high suspicion of bruising), RBCs' extravasation was found in 20% of skin specimens and 30% of muscle specimens by standard histopathological stains. While, by immunostaining, positive reaction products for GpA were observed in 70% of skin specimens and 90% of muscle specimens, with significant increase in the number of detected cases of bruising by immunostaining in group V when compared to the other staining technique. Conclusion The effectiveness of the studied techniques (gross examination, photography, histopathological study by standard stains and GpA immunostaining) to differentiate between bruising and either hypostasis or pure putrefaction was evident in the current study. In addition, spectrophotometric analysis was proved to be useful only in the differentiation between bruising and pure putrefaction. Although the studied techniques, except histopathological study by standard stains and GpA immunostaining, failed to distinguish between bruising in putrefied specimens with high suspicion of bruising, yet glycophorin A immunostaining was found to be the most useful and sensitive marker than standard histopathological staining.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We would like to thank Forensic Medicine Administrations in Jeddah and Makkah fo... more ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We would like to thank Forensic Medicine Administrations in Jeddah and Makkah for providing such valuable information. RESULTS In the current study, we will provide information on changes in forensic autopsy rates in Jeddah between 1425-1433 Hijri (equivalent to 2004-2012 Gregorian). The rates will be compared with Makkah City "The Holy Capital of Saudi Arabia", & measures to increase it will be revealed. 1. Keystone of all measures: Implementation of a new multidisciplinary procedure at the death scene: application of a new CSI form in which a team formed of representative of the General Attorney office, the forensic medicine examiner and police detective and make an immediate joined and written decision about the necessity for autopsy, based on criminal suspicion. 2. Planning of future scientific meetings with the general attorney assistants and police detectives across different districts in Jeddah to convince them that significant discrepancies between external body examination and forensic autopsy are not rare. 3. Planning of future scientific coordination with the general practitioners in the emergency departments in different hospitals in Jeddah was done to prevent unnecessary referral of natural and hospital deaths to the forensic medicine center, and consequently affecting the overall statistical results. 4. The current study highlights the necessity to reinforce medico-legal education of medical students and physicians in the field of the external examination of bodies, criminal suspicion, death reporting and death certificate. 5. The current work underlines the necessity in the future to perform more forensic autopsies in Saudi Arabia, relying on the previous studies aiming at harmonization of medicolegal autopsy rules.
The congress had given an excellent opportunity to the forensic scientists to learn about the lat... more The congress had given an excellent opportunity to the forensic scientists to learn about the latest doctrinal, scientific, and technological advances in legal medicine and forensic sciences with its workshops, advanced courses, seminars, panels and lectures as well as oral and poster presentations. The most prestigious professionals from the international forensic community will contribute and be a part of this important scientific event. There had been over 1200 poster and oral presentations, with an attendance over than 1300. There had been workshops, symposiums, panels, conferences, lectures and business meetings that held during the congress. You will find some of the free communications in this book. These presentations are the ones that authors preferred their studies to be published as it is in this book. We sincerely hope that you do enjoy these presentations. We are very happy that we had the chance to host most of you in Istanbul. We hope to host you once again in that truly world city where the continents meet with its' enchanting blend of Eastern and Western culture, a vibrant, modern city, with a unique identity, a city which everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime. With our best wishes and regards to you all.
ABSTRACT Examination of war prisoners faces difficulties during Interviewing the victims tortured... more ABSTRACT Examination of war prisoners faces difficulties during Interviewing the victims tortured during custody. It includes the following parameters: (1) Medical Ethics: Primary loyalty to the patient, recommending treatment of prisoners and detainees, avoiding abusive medical treatment, Consent and confidentiality, Security, Involvement of other health professionals in torture, Seeking further information and support. (2) Interviewing with the victims: giving trust, taking a chronological account of ill-treatment, types of questions, summarizing and clarifying, working with interpreters, medical history and past and family history. (3) Examination: order of examination, psychological assessment, medical photography, and documenting on Anatomical drawings forms. (4) Reporting & General Evaluation: according to the local legal authorities. These parameters were discussed in details.
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to describe the suicidal deaths in Cairo City, Egypt. Data were collecte... more This study was conducted to describe the suicidal deaths in Cairo City, Egypt. Data were collected from the cases of suicidal deaths in a 5-year period from 1998 to 2002. The cases were grouped according to age of the cases into six groups: group A (from newborn to 9 years old), group B (10-19 years), group C (20-34 years), group D (35-49 years), group E (50-64 years) and group F (65 years and above), and also grouped according to gender, number of subjects every year, methods of suicide, hospital admission, motives, associated diseases, toxicological analysis results. All data were statistically analyzed. The total number of cases was 254 cases, the majority was males and the rate of suicidal deaths was 0.73 per 100,000 population in the last year of the study. High suicidal deaths prevalence was found in middle age group in both males and females and represented 48.80% of the total number of cases. Burning was the most common method of suicide in both sexes, and represented 32.7% of the total suicidal deaths specially in middle age group. The majority of suicidal deaths was highest in Spring in both gender (36.3%) and lowest in autumn 16.9%. Positive postmortem toxicological screen was seen in 14.60% of persons. Associated psychic and/or chronic diseases were present in 36.20%. Previous attempts were recorded in 9.10% of cases. The motivating family problems were 19.7% followed by financial problems (8.6%), then the conflicts with the other partner (1.6%), and the least due to illegal pregnancy (0.40%).
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011
Aim: The aim of the present study is to correlate between the level of the soluble intercellular ... more Aim: The aim of the present study is to correlate between the level of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (sICAM-1) and the timing of trauma in living individuals. Methodology: Thirty patients were divided, according to the degree of injury severity score (ISS), into three equal groups: mild, moderate, and severe trauma groups. According to sampling time, samples from each group were further subdivided, into three subgroups, within the first 24 h of admission, on the third day, and on the fifth day of admission. The level of sICAM-1 was measured in plasma using the ELISA technique in relation to the time passed since infliction of injury. The control group followed the same order of sampling. Many factors were studied in the current study such as sex, nature of injury, associated severe head injuries, and the combining bone and soft tissue affection. Results: A significant increase was noticed in all subgroups when compared with the control group. A characteristic pattern of sICAM-1 variation with the timing of wounds was at its maximum level on the third day post-trauma and then decreases toward its normal level. This pattern was only affected by the severity of injury with a directly proportional relationship.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2011
Egyptians are one of the first civilisations to practice the removal and examination of internal ... more Egyptians are one of the first civilisations to practice the removal and examination of internal organs of humans. Their practices ranged from embalming to faith healing to surgery and autopsy. Modern radiological studies, together with various forensic techniques, allowed scientists unique glimpses of the state of health in Egypt 4000 years ago and discovered one of the earliest applications of autopsy, the main element of forensic medicine practice today.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2010
Although human sex difference are now better known worldwide, there are few osteometric studies d... more Although human sex difference are now better known worldwide, there are few osteometric studies designed for sex assessment in Egyptians. The current study is the first to be conducted on this population to evaluate sex determination using osteometric mandibular measurements. By the use of spiral CT scan with three dimension reconstruction modality six mandibular measurements were assessed in 330 person (165 males and 165 females). These were subjected to statistical analysis. Many variables showed significant differences and included: bicondylar breadth, gonial angle and minimum ramus breadth. The study concluded that the overall predictive accuracy of this prediction model was 83.9% for whole studied persons. The correct predictive accuracy was 83.6% in males and 84.2% in females.