F. Mammarella - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by F. Mammarella

The LHC will be supplied with protons from the pre-injector chain comprising Linac2, PS Booster a... more The LHC will be supplied with protons from the pre-injector chain comprising Linac2, PS Booster and PS. These accelerators have undergone a major upgrading programme during the last five years so as to meet the stringent requirements of the LHC. This implies that many high-intensity bunches of small emittance and tight spacing (25 ns) be available at the PS extraction energy (26 GeV/c). The upgrading project involved an increase of Linac2 current, new RF systems in the PS Booster and the PS, raising the PS Booster energy from 1 to 1.4 GeV, two-batch filling of the PS, and the installation of high-resolution beam profile measurement devices. With the project entering its final phase and most of the newly installed hardware now being operational, the emphasis switches to producing the nominal LHC beam and tackling the associated beam physics problems. This report describes all the hardware changes related to the upgrading project. iv v FOREWORD The LHC will be supplied with protons through the existing PS / SPS injector chain. In order to achieve the very special beam properties, a major upgrade was needed, particularly in the PS complex, where hardware modifications were required in the Linac, Booster and in the PS itself. This upgrade project was started in 1995 and all major hardware modifications are now complete and on schedule. The next phase of commissioning the beam with the required properties for the LHC is well advanced. This project has been carried out by the PS team with major contributions from colleagues at the TRIUMF laboratory in Canada. I would like to thank them all and congratulate them for this first important step towards obtaining luminosity in the LHC.

TRIUMF, in collaboration with university partners, proposes to construct a megawatt-class electro... more TRIUMF, in collaboration with university partners, proposes to construct a megawatt-class electron linear accelerator (e-linac) as a driver for U(γ,f) of actinide targets for nuclear astrophysics studies, and Be(γ,p)Li for beta-NMR materials science. The e-linac is part of a broader proposal for an expansion of the TRIUMF rare isotope beams capability through a new facility to be named ARIEL. The e-linac design and prospects for funding are elaborated.

The TRIUMF e-linac high power system will be built in stages. For the first phase of installation... more The TRIUMF e-linac high power system will be built in stages. For the first phase of installation to be completed by September 2014, the injector cryomodule (EINJ) will be fed by a 290 kW cw klystron at a reduced power level and the accelerating cryomodule (EACA) will be powered by an identical klystron. The first 290 kW 1.3 GHz klystron has been purchased from CPI, USA and the high power supply system has been bought from AMPEGON, Switzerland. The second klystron and second high voltage power supply are being procured from the same manufacturers. The 290 kW cw 1.3 GHz klystron is a factory tuned multi-cavity, high efficiency, high gain, broadband, water cooled tube. The klystron has been tested at the factory. The maximum usable linear range of the rf output power of the klystron is 270 kW and is governed by the incremental gain of 0.5 dB/dB. Thus, rf power required for EACA of 200 kW cw is adequately met by the klystron after taking into account the loss in the waveguide components. and waveguides. The high voltage power supply system (KPS) for the klystron, based on a voltage controlled power module technology, consists of 65 kV beam power supply, focus supply, filament power supply and vacuum ion pump power supply. The klystron will be tested to full power on a dummy load by October 2013. At the same time, the KPS will be tested fully with all controls, interlocks, protections and integration of the klystron and a 300 kW high power circulator.

The TRIUMF cyclotron has successfully operated for more then 30 years at beam intensities well ab... more The TRIUMF cyclotron has successfully operated for more then 30 years at beam intensities well above the original goal of 100 μA at 500 MeV. Presently, it delivers proton beams (up to 300 μA) simultaneously to multiple users with 90 % availability for about 6000 hours annually. One of its current primary functions is to serve as a high power driver for ISAC, TRIUMF's radioactive beam facility. Most of the cyclotron's systems and components exhibit reliable and stable performance despite their age; others have been replaced or upgraded over the years. The Operations Group maintains downtime and component failure statistics; the analysis of these data leads to preventative actions to improve the machine reliability. Items which may have potentially significant downtime or dose implications are the first candidates for upgrade. At ISAC startup in the year 2000, the cyclotron's needs were reviewed and a dedicated refurbishing program was established. The aim is to ensure that TRIUMF's scientific goals can be achieved for the next 15-20 years. This paper describes recent and current refurbishing activities as well as plans for future major renovations.

The TRIUMF Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory (ARIEL) is funded since 2010 June by federal and BC P... more The TRIUMF Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory (ARIEL) is funded since 2010 June by federal and BC Provincial governments. In collaboration with the University of Victoria, TRIUMF is proceeding with construction of a new target building, connecting tunnel, rehabilitation of an existing vault to contain the electron linear accelerator, and a cryogenic compressor building. TRIUMF starts construction of a 300 keV thermionic gun, and 10 MeV Injector cryomodule (EINJ) in 2012; the designs being complete. The 25 MeV Accelerator Cryomodule (EACA) follows in autumn 2013. TRIUMF is embarking on major equipment purchases and has signed contracts for 4K cryogenic plant and four subatmospheric pumps, a 290 kW c.w. klystron and highvoltage power supply, 80 quadrupole magnets, EINJ tank and lid, and four 1.3 GHz niobium 9-cell cavities from a local Canadian supplier. The low energy beam transport and beam diagnotics are being installed at the ISAC-II/VECC test facility. Procurement is anticipated October 2012 for the liquid He distribution system. *TRIUMF is funded under a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada.

Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes th... more Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes the ISOL production method. A five year budget for this new radioactive beam facility at TRIUMF was approved in June 1995. ISAC in-cludes: a new building with 5000 m2 of floor space, a pro-ton beam-line with adequate shielding to transport up to 100 A at 500 MeV from the TRIUMF cyclotron to two target/ion-source stations, remote handling facilities for the targets, a high-resolution mass-separator, linear accelera-tors and experimental facilities. The ISAC design for the target/ion source station permits the production of nuclei far from stability over a large isotopic range with high lumi-nosity. The accelerator system includes an RFQ and a DTL yielding final energies variable from 0:151:5MeV/u. The buildings are now complete and the installation and com-missioning of the injection beam-line, target facility and the RFQ are underway. This paper outlines the ISAC project status. 1

Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes th... more Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes the ISOL production method. A five year budget for this new radioactive beam facility at TRIUMF was approved in June 1995. ISAC includes: a new building with 5000 m 2 of floor space, a proton beam-line with adequate shielding to transport up to 100 ऌA at 500 MeV from the TRIUMF cyclotron to two target/ion-source stations, remote handling facilities for the targets, a high-resolution mass-separator, linear accelerators and experimental facilities. The ISAC design for the target/ion source station permits the production of nuclei far from stability over a large isotopic range with high luminosity. The accelerator system includes an RFQ and a DTL yielding final energies variable from 0:15,1:5MeV/u. The buildings are now complete and the installation and commissioning of the injection beam-line, target facility and the RFQ are underway. This paper outlines the ISAC project status.

Acta Physica Polonica B, 2014

ABSTRACT

Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector, 2015

European Geriatric Medicine, 2015

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Jan 30, 2015

In older adults co-occurrence of multiple diseases often leads to use of multiple medications (po... more In older adults co-occurrence of multiple diseases often leads to use of multiple medications (polypharmacy). The aim of the present study is to describe how prescription of medications varies across age groups, with specific focus on the oldest old. We performed a cross-sectional study using 2013 data from the OsMed Health-DB database (mean number of medicines and defined daily doses prescribed in 15,931,642 individuals). There were 3,378,725 individuals age 65 years or older (21.2% of the study sample). The mean number of prescribed medications progressively rose from 1.9 in the age group <65 years to 7.4 in the age group 80-84 years and then declined, with a more marked reduction in the age group 95 years or older with a mean number of 2.8 medications. A similar pattern was observed for the mean number of defined daily doses. Among participants age ≥65 years, proton pump inhibitors were the most commonly prescribed medication (40.9% of individuals ≥65 years), followed by plate...

Proceedings of the 2003 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37440), 2003

At TRIUMF we have used both passive and active methods to protect against potential prompt radiat... more At TRIUMF we have used both passive and active methods to protect against potential prompt radiation hazards produced by accidental beam losses in high-intensity proton beam lines. These methods consist of shielding, exclusion areas, and the use of fast acting radiation monitors. The latter are located within the shielded areas and are set to terminate beam production on the detection

Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.97CH36167), 1998

ISAC, a new facility for accelerating intense beams of unstable ions, is under construction at TR... more ISAC, a new facility for accelerating intense beams of unstable ions, is under construction at TRIUMF. The radioactive nuclei will be produced by up to 100 A of 500 MeV protons impinging on one of two target/ion source stations located in an underground vault. The ionized beam will be transported by electrostatic ion optics to a high acceptance, high resolution mass analyser.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2010

The U.L.I.S.S.E. study is aimed at describing older patients who are cared for in hospitals, home... more The U.L.I.S.S.E. study is aimed at describing older patients who are cared for in hospitals, home care or nursing homes in Italy. The U.L.I.S.S.E. study is an observational multicenter prospective 1-year study. Overall, 23 acute geriatric or internal medicine hospital units, 11 home care services and 31 nursing homes participated in the study. The patient's evaluation was performed using comprehensive geriatric assessment instruments, i.e. the interRAI Minimum Data Set, while data on service characteristics were recorded using ad-hoc designed questionnaires. The older subjects who are in need of acute and long term care in Italy have similar characteristics: their mean age is higher than 80 years, they have a high level of disability in ADL, an important multimorbidity, and are treated with several drugs. The prevalence of cognitive impairment is particularly high in nursing homes, where almost 70% of residents suffer from it and 40% have severe cognitive impairment. On the othe...

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, Jan 30, 2014

The aesthetic experience, in particular the experience of beauty in the visual arts, should have ... more The aesthetic experience, in particular the experience of beauty in the visual arts, should have neural correlates in the human brain. Neuroesthetics is principally implemented by functional studies in normal subjects, but the neuropsychology of the aesthetic experience, that is, the impact of brain damage on the appreciation of works of art, is a neglected field. Here, 16 mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease patients and 15 caregivers expressed their preference on 16 works of art (eight representational and eight abstract) during programmed visits to an art gallery. A week later, all subjects expressed a preference rate on reproductions of the same works presented in the gallery. Both patients and caregivers were consistent in assigning preference ratings, and in patients consistency was independent of the ability to recognize the works on which the preference rate had been given in an explicit memory task. Caregivers performed at ceiling in the memory task. Both patients and c...

The LHC [1] will be supplied, via the SPS, with protons from the pre-injector chain comprising Li... more The LHC [1] will be supplied, via the SPS, with protons from the pre-injector chain comprising Linac2, PS Booster (PSB) and PS. These accelerators have undergone a major upgrading programme [2] during the last five years so as to meet the stringent requirements of the LHC. These imply that many high-intensity bunches of small emittance and tight spacing (25 ns) be available at the PS extraction energy (25 GeV). The upgrading project involved an increase of Linac2 current, new RF systems in the PSB and the PS, raising the PSB energy from 1 to 1.4 GeV, two-batch filling of the PS and the installation of high-resolution beam profile measurement devices. With the project entering its final phase and most of the newly installed hardware now being operational, the emphasis switches to producing the nominal LHC beam and tackling the associated beam physics problems. While a beam with transverse characteristics better than nominal has been obtained, the longitudinal density still needs to be increased. An alternative scheme to produce the 25 ns bunch spacing is outlined, together with other promising developments.

Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes th... more Construction has begun on ISAC, a radioactive ion beam and accelerator facility which utilizes the ISOL production method. A five year budget for this new radioactive beam facility at TRIUMF was approved in June 1995. ISAC includes: a new building with 5000 m 2 of floor space, a proton beam-line with adequate shielding to transport up to 100 ऌA at 500 MeV from the TRIUMF cyclotron to two target/ion-source stations, remote handling facilities for the targets, a high-resolution mass-separator, linear accelerators and experimental facilities. The ISAC design for the target/ion source station permits the production of nuclei far from stability over a large isotopic range with high luminosity. The accelerator system includes an RFQ and a DTL yielding final energies variable from 0:15,1:5MeV/u. The buildings are now complete and the installation and commissioning of the injection beam-line, target facility and the RFQ are underway. This paper outlines the ISAC project status.