Manjunatha Reddy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Manjunatha Reddy

Research paper thumbnail of Survey and screening of tomato germplasm against early blight disease caused by Alteernaria solani

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

Early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is the most catastrophic disease causing losses ... more Early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is the most catastrophic disease causing losses both at pre and post-harvest stages in tomato growing places of India. Roving surveys were conducted during Kharif 2017 in tomato growing belt areas of Southern Karnataka covering viz., Kolar, Chikkballapur, Ramanagara and Tumakuru districts to assess disease prevalence. Disease severity (Per cent Disease Index) ranged from 28.75 to 57.50. Maximum mean PDI of the disease was recorded in Kolar (50.43%) followed by Chikkaballapur district (42.75%) and least in Tumkur (31.75%). The highest PDI was recorded in Chowdadenahalli village of Kolar district (57.50) and lowest PDI of 28.75 was recorded in Janapanahalli village of Tumkur district. In an another experiment, field screening of tomato germplasm against early blight disease was taken up during Kharif 2017. Among the 50 genotypes screened, ten genotypes viz., COHB-3,12,11,66,52,133,30,27,177 and 186 were resistant whereas thirty genotypes were moderately resistant. Ten genotypes were susceptible and one genotype was highly susceptible.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of fungicides against stem rot of capsicum caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of capsicum which is also called as collar rot or southern bl... more Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of capsicum which is also called as collar rot or southern blight is one of the serious diseases in capsicum that severely brings down the yield in all the major capsicum growing areas in Karnataka. Among the several management practices, managing the disease with fungicides is the most effective means. In the present investigation twelve fungicides that included three systemic, six combi products and three contact fungicides were evaluated against S. rolfsii in vitro. Among the fungicides, hexaconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole, propiconazole + difenoconazole, tricyclazole + hexaconazole, hexaconazole + captan, zineb + hexaconazole and thiram were highly effective even at least concentration of 25 ppm tested and also in subsequent concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm showing 100 per cent inhibition. Further, among the eight promising fungicides based on in vitro results, six fungicides were evaluated against stem rot of capsic...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes for growth and yield parameters under eastern dry zone of Karnataka

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

A field experiment was conducted to know the performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes in E... more A field experiment was conducted to know the performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka during 2015-16 at College of Horticulture, Kolar, Karnataka. Twenty five genotypes (13 varieties, 10 hybrids and 2 synthetics) were collected and evaluated in Rabi season. The research work was carried out to identify the elite genotypes suitable for Rabi season cultivation for higher bulb yield. The performance of the different genotypes with respect to growth and bulb yield were studied. The hybrid Flare (38.50 t/ha), Super Flare (37.00 t/ha) and S-780 (36.40 t/ha) were found best for obtaining quality bulb yield. In the studies, onion F1 hybrids were found to be superior to the synthetics and open pollinated varieties for higher bulb yield. Therefore, it is concluded that onion F1 hybrids need to be popularise for commercial cultivation for increasing productivity in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of capsicum varieties/hybrids against stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) under poly house condition

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020

An experiment was carried out to screen resistance of capsicum against S. rolfsii. Fourteen capsi... more An experiment was carried out to screen resistance of capsicum against S. rolfsii. Fourteen capsicum varieties/ hybrids were collected from different sources and were evaluated at College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka during kharif 2018 to identify sources of genetic resistance against stem rot disease. The pathogen was isolated from diseased capsicum plants collected during survey at seedling and vegetative stage of the crop, purified and maintained on PDA for further screening process. Mass culture of the pathogen was prepared on sorghum grains media and inoculated at collar region of capsicum plant, at 30 days after transplanting in the earthen pots. Out of fourteen capsicum varieties/ hybrids viz., Red Inspiration and Delisha exhibited immunity against stem rot, whereas Pusa Deepti, Solon Hybrid- 2 and Nemlite expressed resistance, Green Pasarella and NS-280 moderately resistance, Green Massilia, Yellow Bachata, NS-292, NS-281, Apoorva and Asha were found to be susceptib...

Research paper thumbnail of Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted, Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resis... more Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F 1 hybrids from them. Socioeconomic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis and molecular phylogeny of rabies virus obtained from an Indian wolf

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Taxonomic reasoning: The case of giant wrinkled frog

The recent revolution world over for 'open access' aims to curb the policy of 'no ... more The recent revolution world over for 'open access' aims to curb the policy of 'no subscription – no information access'. Talking economics, the annual per capita income of an average Indian is US$ 530 (ref. 3) and that of a Britisher is US$ 27,650 (ref. 4). The average annual sub- ...

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogenetic analysis of Indian rabies virus isolates targeting the complete Glycoprotein gene

Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2015

Rabies a fatal viral zoonosis is endemic in India. There is no report on phylogenetic study of In... more Rabies a fatal viral zoonosis is endemic in India. There is no report on phylogenetic study of Indian rabies virus isolates based on the complete G gene. In the present study, a total of 25 rabies positive brain samples collected during 2001-2014 from North India (UP, MP, Delhi, Rajasthan), South India (Kerala and Karnataka) and Gujarat states belonging to six different host species were subjected to G gene amplification by RT-PCR as three overlapping fragments of 881bp, 991bp and 618bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Indian rabies virus isolates are genetically closely related with Arctic-like 1a lineage viruses. However, two distinct clusters were identified namely, India South and India North. All the Indian rabies isolates had 95.5-100% homology related to geography, but not to host species. Deduced amino acids on comparison revealed two amino acid changes, aa 356 in ECTO; N→K and aa 458; M→I, which were found to distinguish between the India South and India North isolates.

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on antimicrobial textile finish using certain plant natural products

Abstract—The comprehensive focus on plant based natural dyes and other bioactive natural extract ... more Abstract—The comprehensive focus on plant based natural dyes and other bioactive natural extract in textile coating as antimicrobial textile finish has gained significant momentum. The major antimicrobial agents for textile coating are chemical agents which have toxic and ...

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Multiple Quantum Methodologies for the Analyses of Complex Proton NMR Spectra of Scalar Coupled Spins

ChemInform, 2010

| One of the significant advancements in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in combati... more | One of the significant advancements in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in combating the problem of spectral complexity for deriving the structure and conformational information is the incorporation of additional dimension and to spread the information content in a two dimensional space. This approach together with the manipulation of the dynamics of nuclear spins permitted the designing of appropriate pulse sequences leading to the evolution of diverse multidimensional NMR experiments. The desired spectral information can now be extracted in a simplified and an orchestrated manner. The indirect detection of multiple quantum (MQ) NMR frequencies is a step in this direction. The MQ technique has been extensively used in the study of molecules aligned in liquid crystalline media to reduce spectral complexity and to determine molecular geometries. Unlike in dipolar coupled systems, the size of the network of scalar coupled spins is not big in isotropic solutions and the MQ 1 H detection is not routinely employed, although there are specific examples of spin topology filtering. In this brief review, we discuss our recent studies on the development and application of multiple quantum correlation and resolved techniques for the analyses of proton NMR spectra of scalar coupled spins.

Research paper thumbnail of A NMR Crystallography Study of the Hemihydrate of 2′, 3′-O-Isopropylidineguanosine

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2015

1 H DQ 1 H-13 C 14 N-1 H J coupling Dipolar coupling a b s t r a c t An NMR crystallography study... more 1 H DQ 1 H-13 C 14 N-1 H J coupling Dipolar coupling a b s t r a c t An NMR crystallography study of the hemihydrate of 2 0 , 3 0 -O-isopropylidineguanosine (Gace) is presented, together with powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. 1 H double-quantum and 14 N-1 H HMQC spectra recorded at 850 MHz and 75 kHz MAS (using a JEOL 1 mm probe) are presented together with a 1 H-13 C refocused INEPT spectrum recorded at 500 MHz and 12.5 kHz MAS using eDUMBO-1 22 1

Research paper thumbnail of A G 4 ·K + Hydrogel Stabilized by an Anion

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014

Supramolecular hydrogels derived from natural products have promising applications in diagnostics... more Supramolecular hydrogels derived from natural products have promising applications in diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. We studied the formation of a long-lived hydrogel made by mixing guanosine (G, 1) with 0.5 equiv of KB(OH)4. This ratio of borate anion to ligand is crucial for gelation as it links two molecules of 1, which facilitates cation-templated assembly of G4·K(+) quartets. The guanosine-borate (GB) hydrogel, which was characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and circular dichroism and (11)B magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy, is stable in water that contains physiologically relevant concentrations of K(+). Furthermore, non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatics, π-stacking, and hydrogen bonding, enable the incorporation of a cationic dye and nucleosides into the GB hydrogel.

Research paper thumbnail of Birds of Kuvempu University Campus, Shimoga District, Karnataka

Zoos' Print Journal, 2001

Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jn... more Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga District, Karnataka 577451, India. * Corresponding author email: svkrishnamurthy@usa.net ... Manuscript received 22 February 2001; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pathology of spontaneous brain lesions in young bovine calves

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum to: Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes

Virus Genes, 2011

Rabies is endemic and an important zoonosis in India. There are very few reports available on mol... more Rabies is endemic and an important zoonosis in India. There are very few reports available on molecular epidemiology of rabies virus of Indian origin. In this study to know the dynamics of rabies virus, a total of 41 rabies positive brain samples from dogs, cats, domestic animals, wildlife, and humans from 11 states were subjected to RT-PCR amplification of N gene between nucleotide N521-N1262 (742 bp) and P gene between nucleotide P239-P750 (512 bp). The N gene could be amplified from 30, while P gene from 41 samples, using specific sets of primers. The N gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Indian virus isolates are genetically closely related with a single cluster under arctic/arctic-like viruses. However, two distinct clusters were realized in P gene-based phylogeny viz., Rabies virus isolates of Punjab and Rabies virus isolates of remaining parts of India (other than Punjab). All the Indian rabies virus isolates were closely related to geography ([95% homology), but not to host species.

Research paper thumbnail of Simplifying the Complex 1 H NMR Spectra of Fluorine-Substituted Benzamides by Spin System Filtering and Spin-State Selection: Multiple-Quantum−Single-Quantum Correlation

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2008

The proton NMR spectra of fluorine-substituted benzamides are very complex (Figure 1) due to seve... more The proton NMR spectra of fluorine-substituted benzamides are very complex (Figure 1) due to severe overlap of (1)H resonances from the two aromatic rings, in addition to several short and long-range scalar couplings experienced by each proton. With no detectable scalar couplings between the inter-ring spins, the (1)H NMR spectra can be construed as an overlap of spectra from two independent phenyl rings. In the present study we demonstrate that it is possible to separate the individual spectrum for each aromatic ring by spin system filtering employing the multiple-quantum-single-quantum correlation methodology. Furthermore, the two spin states of fluorine are utilized to simplify the spectrum corresponding to each phenyl ring by the spin-state selection. The demonstrated technique reduces spectral complexity by a factor of 4, in addition to permitting the determination of long-range couplings of less than 0.2 Hz and the relative signs of heteronuclear couplings. The technique also aids the judicious choice of the spin-selective double-quantum-single-quantum J-resolved experiment to determine the long-range homonuclear couplings of smaller magnitudes.

Research paper thumbnail of N–H⋯F hydrogen bonds in fluorinated benzanilides: NMR and DFT study

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2010

Using (19)F and (1)H-NMR (with (14)N decoupling) spectroscopic techniques together with density f... more Using (19)F and (1)H-NMR (with (14)N decoupling) spectroscopic techniques together with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, we have investigated weak molecular interactions in isomeric fluorinated benzanilides. Simultaneous presence of through space nuclear spin-spin couplings ((1h)J(N-HF)) of diverse strengths and feeble structural fluctuations are detected as a function of site specific substitution of fluorine atoms within the basic identical molecular framework. The transfer of hydrogen bonding interaction energies through space is established by perturbing their strengths and monitoring the effect on NMR parameters. Multiple quantum (MQ) excitation, up to the highest possible MQ orders of coupled protons, is utilized as a tool for accurate (1)H assignments. Results of NMR studies and DFT calculations are compared with the relevant structural parameters taken from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological and Molecular Characterizations of Alfalfa Interactions with Compatible and Incompatible Bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Direct estimation of an element of order matrix from 1 H NMR spectra of strongly dipolar coupled spins

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2009

NMR spectra of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystalline media provide information on... more NMR spectra of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystalline media provide information on the molecular structure and order. The spins are generally strongly dipolar coupled and the spectral analyses require the tedious and time consuming numerical iterative calculations. The present study demonstrates the application of multiple quantum spin state selective detection of single quantum transitions for mimicking the homonuclear decoupling and the direct estimation of an element of ordering matrix. This information is utilized to estimate the nearly accurate starting dipolar couplings for iterative calculations. The studies on the spectra of strongly dipolar coupled five and six interacting spin systems are reported.

Research paper thumbnail of Survey and screening of tomato germplasm against early blight disease caused by Alteernaria solani

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

Early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is the most catastrophic disease causing losses ... more Early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is the most catastrophic disease causing losses both at pre and post-harvest stages in tomato growing places of India. Roving surveys were conducted during Kharif 2017 in tomato growing belt areas of Southern Karnataka covering viz., Kolar, Chikkballapur, Ramanagara and Tumakuru districts to assess disease prevalence. Disease severity (Per cent Disease Index) ranged from 28.75 to 57.50. Maximum mean PDI of the disease was recorded in Kolar (50.43%) followed by Chikkaballapur district (42.75%) and least in Tumkur (31.75%). The highest PDI was recorded in Chowdadenahalli village of Kolar district (57.50) and lowest PDI of 28.75 was recorded in Janapanahalli village of Tumkur district. In an another experiment, field screening of tomato germplasm against early blight disease was taken up during Kharif 2017. Among the 50 genotypes screened, ten genotypes viz., COHB-3,12,11,66,52,133,30,27,177 and 186 were resistant whereas thirty genotypes were moderately resistant. Ten genotypes were susceptible and one genotype was highly susceptible.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of fungicides against stem rot of capsicum caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of capsicum which is also called as collar rot or southern bl... more Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of capsicum which is also called as collar rot or southern blight is one of the serious diseases in capsicum that severely brings down the yield in all the major capsicum growing areas in Karnataka. Among the several management practices, managing the disease with fungicides is the most effective means. In the present investigation twelve fungicides that included three systemic, six combi products and three contact fungicides were evaluated against S. rolfsii in vitro. Among the fungicides, hexaconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole, propiconazole + difenoconazole, tricyclazole + hexaconazole, hexaconazole + captan, zineb + hexaconazole and thiram were highly effective even at least concentration of 25 ppm tested and also in subsequent concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm showing 100 per cent inhibition. Further, among the eight promising fungicides based on in vitro results, six fungicides were evaluated against stem rot of capsic...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes for growth and yield parameters under eastern dry zone of Karnataka

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

A field experiment was conducted to know the performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes in E... more A field experiment was conducted to know the performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka during 2015-16 at College of Horticulture, Kolar, Karnataka. Twenty five genotypes (13 varieties, 10 hybrids and 2 synthetics) were collected and evaluated in Rabi season. The research work was carried out to identify the elite genotypes suitable for Rabi season cultivation for higher bulb yield. The performance of the different genotypes with respect to growth and bulb yield were studied. The hybrid Flare (38.50 t/ha), Super Flare (37.00 t/ha) and S-780 (36.40 t/ha) were found best for obtaining quality bulb yield. In the studies, onion F1 hybrids were found to be superior to the synthetics and open pollinated varieties for higher bulb yield. Therefore, it is concluded that onion F1 hybrids need to be popularise for commercial cultivation for increasing productivity in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of capsicum varieties/hybrids against stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) under poly house condition

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020

An experiment was carried out to screen resistance of capsicum against S. rolfsii. Fourteen capsi... more An experiment was carried out to screen resistance of capsicum against S. rolfsii. Fourteen capsicum varieties/ hybrids were collected from different sources and were evaluated at College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka during kharif 2018 to identify sources of genetic resistance against stem rot disease. The pathogen was isolated from diseased capsicum plants collected during survey at seedling and vegetative stage of the crop, purified and maintained on PDA for further screening process. Mass culture of the pathogen was prepared on sorghum grains media and inoculated at collar region of capsicum plant, at 30 days after transplanting in the earthen pots. Out of fourteen capsicum varieties/ hybrids viz., Red Inspiration and Delisha exhibited immunity against stem rot, whereas Pusa Deepti, Solon Hybrid- 2 and Nemlite expressed resistance, Green Pasarella and NS-280 moderately resistance, Green Massilia, Yellow Bachata, NS-292, NS-281, Apoorva and Asha were found to be susceptib...

Research paper thumbnail of Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted, Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resis... more Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F 1 hybrids from them. Socioeconomic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis and molecular phylogeny of rabies virus obtained from an Indian wolf

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Taxonomic reasoning: The case of giant wrinkled frog

The recent revolution world over for 'open access' aims to curb the policy of 'no ... more The recent revolution world over for 'open access' aims to curb the policy of 'no subscription – no information access'. Talking economics, the annual per capita income of an average Indian is US$ 530 (ref. 3) and that of a Britisher is US$ 27,650 (ref. 4). The average annual sub- ...

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogenetic analysis of Indian rabies virus isolates targeting the complete Glycoprotein gene

Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2015

Rabies a fatal viral zoonosis is endemic in India. There is no report on phylogenetic study of In... more Rabies a fatal viral zoonosis is endemic in India. There is no report on phylogenetic study of Indian rabies virus isolates based on the complete G gene. In the present study, a total of 25 rabies positive brain samples collected during 2001-2014 from North India (UP, MP, Delhi, Rajasthan), South India (Kerala and Karnataka) and Gujarat states belonging to six different host species were subjected to G gene amplification by RT-PCR as three overlapping fragments of 881bp, 991bp and 618bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Indian rabies virus isolates are genetically closely related with Arctic-like 1a lineage viruses. However, two distinct clusters were identified namely, India South and India North. All the Indian rabies isolates had 95.5-100% homology related to geography, but not to host species. Deduced amino acids on comparison revealed two amino acid changes, aa 356 in ECTO; N→K and aa 458; M→I, which were found to distinguish between the India South and India North isolates.

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on antimicrobial textile finish using certain plant natural products

Abstract—The comprehensive focus on plant based natural dyes and other bioactive natural extract ... more Abstract—The comprehensive focus on plant based natural dyes and other bioactive natural extract in textile coating as antimicrobial textile finish has gained significant momentum. The major antimicrobial agents for textile coating are chemical agents which have toxic and ...

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Multiple Quantum Methodologies for the Analyses of Complex Proton NMR Spectra of Scalar Coupled Spins

ChemInform, 2010

| One of the significant advancements in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in combati... more | One of the significant advancements in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in combating the problem of spectral complexity for deriving the structure and conformational information is the incorporation of additional dimension and to spread the information content in a two dimensional space. This approach together with the manipulation of the dynamics of nuclear spins permitted the designing of appropriate pulse sequences leading to the evolution of diverse multidimensional NMR experiments. The desired spectral information can now be extracted in a simplified and an orchestrated manner. The indirect detection of multiple quantum (MQ) NMR frequencies is a step in this direction. The MQ technique has been extensively used in the study of molecules aligned in liquid crystalline media to reduce spectral complexity and to determine molecular geometries. Unlike in dipolar coupled systems, the size of the network of scalar coupled spins is not big in isotropic solutions and the MQ 1 H detection is not routinely employed, although there are specific examples of spin topology filtering. In this brief review, we discuss our recent studies on the development and application of multiple quantum correlation and resolved techniques for the analyses of proton NMR spectra of scalar coupled spins.

Research paper thumbnail of A NMR Crystallography Study of the Hemihydrate of 2′, 3′-O-Isopropylidineguanosine

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2015

1 H DQ 1 H-13 C 14 N-1 H J coupling Dipolar coupling a b s t r a c t An NMR crystallography study... more 1 H DQ 1 H-13 C 14 N-1 H J coupling Dipolar coupling a b s t r a c t An NMR crystallography study of the hemihydrate of 2 0 , 3 0 -O-isopropylidineguanosine (Gace) is presented, together with powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. 1 H double-quantum and 14 N-1 H HMQC spectra recorded at 850 MHz and 75 kHz MAS (using a JEOL 1 mm probe) are presented together with a 1 H-13 C refocused INEPT spectrum recorded at 500 MHz and 12.5 kHz MAS using eDUMBO-1 22 1

Research paper thumbnail of A G 4 ·K + Hydrogel Stabilized by an Anion

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014

Supramolecular hydrogels derived from natural products have promising applications in diagnostics... more Supramolecular hydrogels derived from natural products have promising applications in diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. We studied the formation of a long-lived hydrogel made by mixing guanosine (G, 1) with 0.5 equiv of KB(OH)4. This ratio of borate anion to ligand is crucial for gelation as it links two molecules of 1, which facilitates cation-templated assembly of G4·K(+) quartets. The guanosine-borate (GB) hydrogel, which was characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and circular dichroism and (11)B magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy, is stable in water that contains physiologically relevant concentrations of K(+). Furthermore, non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatics, π-stacking, and hydrogen bonding, enable the incorporation of a cationic dye and nucleosides into the GB hydrogel.

Research paper thumbnail of Birds of Kuvempu University Campus, Shimoga District, Karnataka

Zoos' Print Journal, 2001

Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jn... more Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga District, Karnataka 577451, India. * Corresponding author email: svkrishnamurthy@usa.net ... Manuscript received 22 February 2001; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pathology of spontaneous brain lesions in young bovine calves

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum to: Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes

Virus Genes, 2011

Rabies is endemic and an important zoonosis in India. There are very few reports available on mol... more Rabies is endemic and an important zoonosis in India. There are very few reports available on molecular epidemiology of rabies virus of Indian origin. In this study to know the dynamics of rabies virus, a total of 41 rabies positive brain samples from dogs, cats, domestic animals, wildlife, and humans from 11 states were subjected to RT-PCR amplification of N gene between nucleotide N521-N1262 (742 bp) and P gene between nucleotide P239-P750 (512 bp). The N gene could be amplified from 30, while P gene from 41 samples, using specific sets of primers. The N gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Indian virus isolates are genetically closely related with a single cluster under arctic/arctic-like viruses. However, two distinct clusters were realized in P gene-based phylogeny viz., Rabies virus isolates of Punjab and Rabies virus isolates of remaining parts of India (other than Punjab). All the Indian rabies virus isolates were closely related to geography ([95% homology), but not to host species.

Research paper thumbnail of Simplifying the Complex 1 H NMR Spectra of Fluorine-Substituted Benzamides by Spin System Filtering and Spin-State Selection: Multiple-Quantum−Single-Quantum Correlation

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2008

The proton NMR spectra of fluorine-substituted benzamides are very complex (Figure 1) due to seve... more The proton NMR spectra of fluorine-substituted benzamides are very complex (Figure 1) due to severe overlap of (1)H resonances from the two aromatic rings, in addition to several short and long-range scalar couplings experienced by each proton. With no detectable scalar couplings between the inter-ring spins, the (1)H NMR spectra can be construed as an overlap of spectra from two independent phenyl rings. In the present study we demonstrate that it is possible to separate the individual spectrum for each aromatic ring by spin system filtering employing the multiple-quantum-single-quantum correlation methodology. Furthermore, the two spin states of fluorine are utilized to simplify the spectrum corresponding to each phenyl ring by the spin-state selection. The demonstrated technique reduces spectral complexity by a factor of 4, in addition to permitting the determination of long-range couplings of less than 0.2 Hz and the relative signs of heteronuclear couplings. The technique also aids the judicious choice of the spin-selective double-quantum-single-quantum J-resolved experiment to determine the long-range homonuclear couplings of smaller magnitudes.

Research paper thumbnail of N–H⋯F hydrogen bonds in fluorinated benzanilides: NMR and DFT study

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2010

Using (19)F and (1)H-NMR (with (14)N decoupling) spectroscopic techniques together with density f... more Using (19)F and (1)H-NMR (with (14)N decoupling) spectroscopic techniques together with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, we have investigated weak molecular interactions in isomeric fluorinated benzanilides. Simultaneous presence of through space nuclear spin-spin couplings ((1h)J(N-HF)) of diverse strengths and feeble structural fluctuations are detected as a function of site specific substitution of fluorine atoms within the basic identical molecular framework. The transfer of hydrogen bonding interaction energies through space is established by perturbing their strengths and monitoring the effect on NMR parameters. Multiple quantum (MQ) excitation, up to the highest possible MQ orders of coupled protons, is utilized as a tool for accurate (1)H assignments. Results of NMR studies and DFT calculations are compared with the relevant structural parameters taken from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological and Molecular Characterizations of Alfalfa Interactions with Compatible and Incompatible Bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Direct estimation of an element of order matrix from 1 H NMR spectra of strongly dipolar coupled spins

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2009

NMR spectra of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystalline media provide information on... more NMR spectra of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystalline media provide information on the molecular structure and order. The spins are generally strongly dipolar coupled and the spectral analyses require the tedious and time consuming numerical iterative calculations. The present study demonstrates the application of multiple quantum spin state selective detection of single quantum transitions for mimicking the homonuclear decoupling and the direct estimation of an element of ordering matrix. This information is utilized to estimate the nearly accurate starting dipolar couplings for iterative calculations. The studies on the spectra of strongly dipolar coupled five and six interacting spin systems are reported.