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Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This... more Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This can be enhanced by conducting good research. Medical students, being the future doctors, should contribute significantly, but research among medical students is very poor with respect to presentations and publications. Objectives: To identify the various barriers, motivational factors and attitude for conducting research. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 3 different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The response among the participants to involve in research was only 30%. Among them, the overall attitude and barrier score were 3.69±0.29 and 3.63±0.42, respectively, with statistical significance being shown between genders and not between batches. The biggest barrier was a lack of previous research experience (91.67%). The most common motivational factor was self-interest (90.7%). Conclusions: If given sufficie...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Self-medication practice involves consumption of medicines by one’s own initiative or ... more BACKGROUND Self-medication practice involves consumption of medicines by one’s own initiative or on the consultation of others without the guidance of a doctor. Self-medication and use of over-the-counter drugs, are worldwide health concerns. This study evaluated the prevalence, behavioural patterns, knowledge of self-medication, and the attitudes toward this practice among medical and nonmedical university students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among students with medical and non-medical backgrounds. A semi-structured questionnaire was constructed after reviewing literature to capture data regarding socio-demographic background, practice and knowledge of self-medication. RESULTS Out of a total of 98 students, 79.6 % of students practiced self-medication (medical - 77.5 % and non-medical - 85.2 %). The main reason for self-medication was convenience (50.8 %) and the choice of self-medication was based on their own experience (30.4 %) and previous doc...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, Oct 1, 2012

Self medication of antibiotics is increasing especially in developing countries due to its easy a... more Self medication of antibiotics is increasing especially in developing countries due to its easy availability of over-the-counter and has lead to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is global concern. Medical college faculty of basic sciences has the tendency of self medication because of their medical background. This study was conducted among 120 faculty members and found to have significant self medication practice in 83.33%. The most common antibiotic used was azithromycin and the reason being a medical graduate don't need consultation. This perception is alarming to the students and community and needs immediate attention.

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

In recent times plant derived substances has received attention and their use as medicines are be... more In recent times plant derived substances has received attention and their use as medicines are being tried. Aegle Marmelos, one of the medicinal plants with traditional values against various diseases. Therefore, this study intended to investigate its bark extracts for its anti coagulant activity as it contains more coumarin than in any other part of the plant. The bark of Aegle Marmelos was dried, powdered and used for preparation of extracts. Two types of extracts were prepared, decoction and alcohol extract. Extracts were fed to male albino rats of 100gm to 200gm body weight which were grouped into 6 groups with 6 animals in each group. Group 1 was a “control” group, Group 2 “standard” and Group 3, 4, 5 & 6 were test rats. Tests were conducted after 1 hour of administering the drug. No animal was reused. The coagulation tests, namely bleeding time, whole blood clotting time, one stage Prothrombin time (PT) and Prothrombin index (PI) were conducted. Mice fed with either decoction ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rational prescribing of drugs and good clinical practice are the most ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rational prescribing of drugs and good clinical practice are the most important factors which prepares an internee to be an efficient doctor. This can be expected only if an intern’s clinical pharmacology knowledge is adequate. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical pharmacology (CP) knowledge of an internee and to know how far he is equipped to prescribe the drug rationally. METHODS: All the internees of Sri Siddhartha medical college were administered with a semi structured questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information about demographics, undergraduate CP teaching, experiences of adverse drug reaction and drug interaction and confidence in drug prescription. Suggestions regarding improvising under graduate CP teaching were also enlisted. RESULTS: It was observed that out of 66 subjects recruited only 46(70%) possessed average knowledge about clinical pharmacology and 41(62.1%) disagreed that undergraduate CP teaching had equipped them to p...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

Dental students have a major role in dental health promotion not only through their skills but al... more Dental students have a major role in dental health promotion not only through their skills but also as a role model for the general population. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the attitude of undergraduate dental students towards their self oral care. This study also intended to find out the difference in attitude between the genders and between the students in the preclinical and clinical year. This is a questionnaire based study conducted in four colleges in Bangalore. The study was conducted using a modified version of HU-DBI questionnaire. The participants gave their responses according to five point Likert scale. High scores denoted the strength of positivity of the attitude. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Student t-test was used to find the significance level. Questionnaire was distributed to 430 students, out of which 421 students answered, that included consisted of 191 females (45.4%) and 230 males (54.6%). Among 421 participants, 199 participants (47.2%) belo...

The cost of medical care is skyrocketing daily which is unaffordable for the common man. The numb... more The cost of medical care is skyrocketing daily which is unaffordable for the common man. The number of corporate hospitals in the country is increasing; small hospitals and nursing homes which were catering to the middle class people are almost on the verge of vanishing. There is also mushrooming and competition seen among health insurance providers. Why, so many corporate hospitals and insurance companies and what are their vested interests? I had raised these issues exactly two years ago which had appeared in The Times of India dated 5 th May 2013. Since then, nothing appears to have changed on the ground. As of now, things are only worsening for the common man as far as affordable and quality health care is concerned. This still remains as an issue of concern for now and the future. To reiterate once again, there are several stakeholders in this arena. Among them are the patients, doctors, insurance providers and hospitals. Who is the real beneficiary? There are three categories ...

Background & Objectives: Increasing incidence of premarital sex behaviour resulting in teenage pr... more Background & Objectives: Increasing incidence of premarital sex behaviour resulting in teenage pregnancy and induced abortions has become a major concern in Indian society. There also exists a lack of knowledge about the contraceptive methods. Therefore, this study was initiated to measure the knowledge on contraceptive methods and to assess the effect of peer-led education regarding the same among college students.Methods:157 college girls in the age group of 18-24 years were included in the study and their knowledge about contraception was assessed using a 24-item structured questionnaire. A peer group educated all the participants on contraception. This was followed by a post-test questionnaire. The pre-test and post-test scores were analysed. The findings were expressed in the form of percentages and proportions. McNemar test was used to test the significance of improvement in knowledge.Results: There was a significant improvement in the overall knowledge on contraceptive method...

Despite the absence of adequate studies on the safety and effectiveness of prescribing drugs duri... more Despite the absence of adequate studies on the safety and effectiveness of prescribing drugs during pregnancy evidence available shows that physicians prescribe and pregnant women self medicate surprisingly large number of drugs. This study is designed to evaluate the current drug utilization pattern during Pregnancy. The retrospective study involved data collected from 150 pregnant women who have delivered in the tertiary care hospital. Information regarding the gravida, number of ANC visits per pregnant woman, disease status and the drugs prescribed during pregnancy was collected. The data were analysed using SPSS and descriptive statistics was used. Around 90% of pregnant women attended more than 3 ANC visits and among diseases suffered pre-eclampsia was the most frequent (45.33%) followed by gastrointestinal disturbances (32%). Nutritional supplements including iron and folic acid supplements were the most commonly prescribed in more than 93% which is followed by tetanus toxoid(...

Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 2012

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Despite launch of the pharmacovigilance programme in In... more ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Despite launch of the pharmacovigilance programme in India in 2003, even today adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is limited. There is a need to plan relevant and need based awareness programmes to improve the same. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical and dental doctors regarding ADR reporting. Methods: A cross sectional interview based study among 151 doctors belonging to medical and dental fraternity was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) with respect to ADR reporting using a pre-tested semi-structured 33-item questionnaire. The findings were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: It was observed that 87 (57.6%) of study subjects had <50% knowledge scores but favourable attitude scores (>70%) were observed in 113 (74.8%) of study subjects. Practices of ADR reporting needed significant improvement. Lack of report forms was most common reason 121 (80.1%) for lack of reporting. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant unmet knowledge gap in a favourable attitudinal situation for ADR reporting. Hence there is a need to address this gap to translate favourable attitudes into scientific ADR reporting practices. It is a need of the hour to initiate educational interventional strategies among the study subjects regarding ADR and pharmacovigilance.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2011

Int J Biol Med Res …, 2011

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats due to widespread use of an... more Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats due to widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in general population. Also, it is known that the common infecting organism and pattern of resistance changes over time. The present study highlights the ...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology

Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it i... more Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it is in excess of the requirement, or not consumed completely. These unused drugs are disposed in a wrong manner which can lead to harmful effects on the environment. This study was to check the knowledge and practice by medical students.Methods: It was cross sectional observational study involving different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 165 participants (72 males, 93 females) from different batches of MBBS, predominantly 1st and 2nd year. Majority of them are aware of the term eco-pharmacology 70 (91%) and environmental effects 86 (06%). The most common mode of procurement is with prescription and possesses more than 50% of the expired drugs. Throwing back into the dustbin was the mode of disposal.Conclusions: There is poor knowledge of drug disposal behaviour. Sufficient training should be given to the medical students to protect...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology

Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This... more Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This can be enhanced by conducting good research. Medical students being the future doctors should contribute significantly. But the research among the medical students is very poor with respect to presentations and publications. In view of this data the study was done to know their perception, attitude and barriers for conducting research.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study involving three different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The response among the participants to involve in research was only 30%. Among them the overall attitude and barrier score were 3.69±0.29 and 3.63±0.42 respectively with statistical significance shown between genders and not between batches. The biggest barrier was lack of previous research experience (91.67%). The most common motivational factor was self-interest (90.7%).Conclusions: If given suff...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

Osteoarthritis is a joint inflammation that results from cartilage degeneration in which nonstero... more Osteoarthritis is a joint inflammation that results from cartilage degeneration in which nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used analgesics. This study intended to compare the selective NSAID (celecoxib) and non specific NSAID (diclofenac) in terms of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring.This was a 7 days follow up study. Fifty male patients attending the out patient department of orthopedics with diagnosed osteoarthritis of knee joint were chosen. Patients treated with celecoxib were cosidered as group 1 and patients treated with diclofenac as group 2. VAS scoring was obtained before the treatment (day 1) and after the treatment (day 3, 5 and 7). Responses were analyzed using Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test and the rates of adverse events were compared between the two treatment groups using the Fisher's exact test. The patients were aged between 40 to 60 years. The age difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.59). The VAS scores between...

Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This... more Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This can be enhanced by conducting good research. Medical students, being the future doctors, should contribute significantly, but research among medical students is very poor with respect to presentations and publications. Objectives: To identify the various barriers, motivational factors and attitude for conducting research. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 3 different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The response among the participants to involve in research was only 30%. Among them, the overall attitude and barrier score were 3.69±0.29 and 3.63±0.42, respectively, with statistical significance being shown between genders and not between batches. The biggest barrier was a lack of previous research experience (91.67%). The most common motivational factor was self-interest (90.7%). Conclusions: If given sufficie...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Self-medication practice involves consumption of medicines by one’s own initiative or ... more BACKGROUND Self-medication practice involves consumption of medicines by one’s own initiative or on the consultation of others without the guidance of a doctor. Self-medication and use of over-the-counter drugs, are worldwide health concerns. This study evaluated the prevalence, behavioural patterns, knowledge of self-medication, and the attitudes toward this practice among medical and nonmedical university students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among students with medical and non-medical backgrounds. A semi-structured questionnaire was constructed after reviewing literature to capture data regarding socio-demographic background, practice and knowledge of self-medication. RESULTS Out of a total of 98 students, 79.6 % of students practiced self-medication (medical - 77.5 % and non-medical - 85.2 %). The main reason for self-medication was convenience (50.8 %) and the choice of self-medication was based on their own experience (30.4 %) and previous doc...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, Oct 1, 2012

Self medication of antibiotics is increasing especially in developing countries due to its easy a... more Self medication of antibiotics is increasing especially in developing countries due to its easy availability of over-the-counter and has lead to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is global concern. Medical college faculty of basic sciences has the tendency of self medication because of their medical background. This study was conducted among 120 faculty members and found to have significant self medication practice in 83.33%. The most common antibiotic used was azithromycin and the reason being a medical graduate don't need consultation. This perception is alarming to the students and community and needs immediate attention.

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

In recent times plant derived substances has received attention and their use as medicines are be... more In recent times plant derived substances has received attention and their use as medicines are being tried. Aegle Marmelos, one of the medicinal plants with traditional values against various diseases. Therefore, this study intended to investigate its bark extracts for its anti coagulant activity as it contains more coumarin than in any other part of the plant. The bark of Aegle Marmelos was dried, powdered and used for preparation of extracts. Two types of extracts were prepared, decoction and alcohol extract. Extracts were fed to male albino rats of 100gm to 200gm body weight which were grouped into 6 groups with 6 animals in each group. Group 1 was a “control” group, Group 2 “standard” and Group 3, 4, 5 & 6 were test rats. Tests were conducted after 1 hour of administering the drug. No animal was reused. The coagulation tests, namely bleeding time, whole blood clotting time, one stage Prothrombin time (PT) and Prothrombin index (PI) were conducted. Mice fed with either decoction ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rational prescribing of drugs and good clinical practice are the most ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rational prescribing of drugs and good clinical practice are the most important factors which prepares an internee to be an efficient doctor. This can be expected only if an intern’s clinical pharmacology knowledge is adequate. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical pharmacology (CP) knowledge of an internee and to know how far he is equipped to prescribe the drug rationally. METHODS: All the internees of Sri Siddhartha medical college were administered with a semi structured questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information about demographics, undergraduate CP teaching, experiences of adverse drug reaction and drug interaction and confidence in drug prescription. Suggestions regarding improvising under graduate CP teaching were also enlisted. RESULTS: It was observed that out of 66 subjects recruited only 46(70%) possessed average knowledge about clinical pharmacology and 41(62.1%) disagreed that undergraduate CP teaching had equipped them to p...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

Dental students have a major role in dental health promotion not only through their skills but al... more Dental students have a major role in dental health promotion not only through their skills but also as a role model for the general population. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the attitude of undergraduate dental students towards their self oral care. This study also intended to find out the difference in attitude between the genders and between the students in the preclinical and clinical year. This is a questionnaire based study conducted in four colleges in Bangalore. The study was conducted using a modified version of HU-DBI questionnaire. The participants gave their responses according to five point Likert scale. High scores denoted the strength of positivity of the attitude. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Student t-test was used to find the significance level. Questionnaire was distributed to 430 students, out of which 421 students answered, that included consisted of 191 females (45.4%) and 230 males (54.6%). Among 421 participants, 199 participants (47.2%) belo...

The cost of medical care is skyrocketing daily which is unaffordable for the common man. The numb... more The cost of medical care is skyrocketing daily which is unaffordable for the common man. The number of corporate hospitals in the country is increasing; small hospitals and nursing homes which were catering to the middle class people are almost on the verge of vanishing. There is also mushrooming and competition seen among health insurance providers. Why, so many corporate hospitals and insurance companies and what are their vested interests? I had raised these issues exactly two years ago which had appeared in The Times of India dated 5 th May 2013. Since then, nothing appears to have changed on the ground. As of now, things are only worsening for the common man as far as affordable and quality health care is concerned. This still remains as an issue of concern for now and the future. To reiterate once again, there are several stakeholders in this arena. Among them are the patients, doctors, insurance providers and hospitals. Who is the real beneficiary? There are three categories ...

Background & Objectives: Increasing incidence of premarital sex behaviour resulting in teenage pr... more Background & Objectives: Increasing incidence of premarital sex behaviour resulting in teenage pregnancy and induced abortions has become a major concern in Indian society. There also exists a lack of knowledge about the contraceptive methods. Therefore, this study was initiated to measure the knowledge on contraceptive methods and to assess the effect of peer-led education regarding the same among college students.Methods:157 college girls in the age group of 18-24 years were included in the study and their knowledge about contraception was assessed using a 24-item structured questionnaire. A peer group educated all the participants on contraception. This was followed by a post-test questionnaire. The pre-test and post-test scores were analysed. The findings were expressed in the form of percentages and proportions. McNemar test was used to test the significance of improvement in knowledge.Results: There was a significant improvement in the overall knowledge on contraceptive method...

Despite the absence of adequate studies on the safety and effectiveness of prescribing drugs duri... more Despite the absence of adequate studies on the safety and effectiveness of prescribing drugs during pregnancy evidence available shows that physicians prescribe and pregnant women self medicate surprisingly large number of drugs. This study is designed to evaluate the current drug utilization pattern during Pregnancy. The retrospective study involved data collected from 150 pregnant women who have delivered in the tertiary care hospital. Information regarding the gravida, number of ANC visits per pregnant woman, disease status and the drugs prescribed during pregnancy was collected. The data were analysed using SPSS and descriptive statistics was used. Around 90% of pregnant women attended more than 3 ANC visits and among diseases suffered pre-eclampsia was the most frequent (45.33%) followed by gastrointestinal disturbances (32%). Nutritional supplements including iron and folic acid supplements were the most commonly prescribed in more than 93% which is followed by tetanus toxoid(...

Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 2012

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Despite launch of the pharmacovigilance programme in In... more ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Despite launch of the pharmacovigilance programme in India in 2003, even today adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is limited. There is a need to plan relevant and need based awareness programmes to improve the same. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical and dental doctors regarding ADR reporting. Methods: A cross sectional interview based study among 151 doctors belonging to medical and dental fraternity was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) with respect to ADR reporting using a pre-tested semi-structured 33-item questionnaire. The findings were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: It was observed that 87 (57.6%) of study subjects had <50% knowledge scores but favourable attitude scores (>70%) were observed in 113 (74.8%) of study subjects. Practices of ADR reporting needed significant improvement. Lack of report forms was most common reason 121 (80.1%) for lack of reporting. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant unmet knowledge gap in a favourable attitudinal situation for ADR reporting. Hence there is a need to address this gap to translate favourable attitudes into scientific ADR reporting practices. It is a need of the hour to initiate educational interventional strategies among the study subjects regarding ADR and pharmacovigilance.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2011

Int J Biol Med Res …, 2011

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats due to widespread use of an... more Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats due to widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in general population. Also, it is known that the common infecting organism and pattern of resistance changes over time. The present study highlights the ...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology

Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it i... more Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it is in excess of the requirement, or not consumed completely. These unused drugs are disposed in a wrong manner which can lead to harmful effects on the environment. This study was to check the knowledge and practice by medical students.Methods: It was cross sectional observational study involving different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 165 participants (72 males, 93 females) from different batches of MBBS, predominantly 1st and 2nd year. Majority of them are aware of the term eco-pharmacology 70 (91%) and environmental effects 86 (06%). The most common mode of procurement is with prescription and possesses more than 50% of the expired drugs. Throwing back into the dustbin was the mode of disposal.Conclusions: There is poor knowledge of drug disposal behaviour. Sufficient training should be given to the medical students to protect...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology

Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This... more Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This can be enhanced by conducting good research. Medical students being the future doctors should contribute significantly. But the research among the medical students is very poor with respect to presentations and publications. In view of this data the study was done to know their perception, attitude and barriers for conducting research.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study involving three different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The response among the participants to involve in research was only 30%. Among them the overall attitude and barrier score were 3.69±0.29 and 3.63±0.42 respectively with statistical significance shown between genders and not between batches. The biggest barrier was lack of previous research experience (91.67%). The most common motivational factor was self-interest (90.7%).Conclusions: If given suff...

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

Osteoarthritis is a joint inflammation that results from cartilage degeneration in which nonstero... more Osteoarthritis is a joint inflammation that results from cartilage degeneration in which nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used analgesics. This study intended to compare the selective NSAID (celecoxib) and non specific NSAID (diclofenac) in terms of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring.This was a 7 days follow up study. Fifty male patients attending the out patient department of orthopedics with diagnosed osteoarthritis of knee joint were chosen. Patients treated with celecoxib were cosidered as group 1 and patients treated with diclofenac as group 2. VAS scoring was obtained before the treatment (day 1) and after the treatment (day 3, 5 and 7). Responses were analyzed using Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test and the rates of adverse events were compared between the two treatment groups using the Fisher's exact test. The patients were aged between 40 to 60 years. The age difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.59). The VAS scores between...