Manpreet Khurmi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Manpreet Khurmi

As India progresses to achieve Millennium Development Goals, an overview of the current gains mad... more As India progresses to achieve Millennium Development Goals, an overview of the current gains made and the road ahead is presented.

Students Guide book for preparation of All India Pre Medical/ Pre Dental Entrance Examination

AIDS is an epidemic and has its effect all over the world. Unfortunately, worst effected are the ... more AIDS is an epidemic and has its effect all over the world. Unfortunately, worst effected are the developing countries which rely on international donors for the implementation of HIV intervention programmes. There is a growing need to develop cost effective methods and their proper implementation especially in high risk groups like commercial sex workers. HIV prevention interventions in developing countries can reduce the incidence of HIV infection and sometimes save financial resources in the process. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a type of economic analysis where both the cost and the outcome (impact, result, effect, benefit, health gain ...) of an intervention are evaluated. This book is a literature review of modeling the impact and cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention programmes in Commercial sex workers in developing countries.

Facility-based interventions have the potential of reducing neonatal mortality by 25-30% (3). Und... more Facility-based interventions have the potential of reducing neonatal mortality by 25-30% (3). Under the FBNC program, Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) are being established at any health facility where the delivery load is more than 3000 per year. This would cover most district hospitals and some of the sub-district hospitals. SNCU is special unit in the vicinity of the labour room which will provide special care for sick newborns, that is, provide all type of neonatal care except for assisted ventilation and major surgeries. This report analyzes the functioning, admission profile and mortality rates from functional SNCUs in the country.

uotkr f'k'kq dh ns [kHkky ¼,pch,ulh½ ds fy, bl fØ;kUo;u ekxZ nf'kZ dk dks O;kid fopkj&foe'kZ ds v... more uotkr f'k'kq dh ns [kHkky ¼,pch,ulh½ ds fy, bl fØ;kUo;u ekxZ nf'kZ dk dks O;kid fopkj&foe'kZ ds vk/kkj ij rS ;kj fd;k x;k gS ] vkS j blds lkFk dbZ O;fDr;ks a ,oa la LFkkvks a dk dfBu ifjJe tq M+ k gq vk gS A ge fo"k; fo'ks "kKks a ] dk;Z Øe iz ca /kdks a vkS j ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ks a ds cgq ew Y; ;ks xnku ds fy, mudk gkfnZ d vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gS a A MkW -ihds -iz Hkkdj ¼LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea =ky;½ us 'kuy gs YFk flLVEl fjlks lZ ls UVj ¼,u,p,lvkjlh½] la ;q Dr jk"Vª va rjkZ "Vª h; cky fuf/k ¼;w fuls Q½] fo'o LokLF; la xBu ¼MCY;w ,pvks ½ rFkk ;w uks Il& ukos Z ba fM;k ikVZ ujf'ki buhf'k,fVo ¼;w uks Il&fufi½ ds fo'ks "kKks a dh lg;rk ls bl fØ;kUo;u ekxZ nf'kZ dk dks rS ;kj fd;k gS A lq Jh vuq jk/kk xq Irk ¼la ;q Dr lfpo] vkjlh,p½ ,oa MkW -vt; [ks M+ k ¼LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea =ky;½ us elkS ns dh leh{kk dh gS vkS j cgq ew Y; lq >ko fn, gS a A ?kj ij ds leUo;u es a vkHkkj ;ks xnkudrkZ vks a dh lw ph LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea =ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj lq Jh vuq jk/kk xq Irk MkW -vt; [ks M+ k] MkW -ih-ds -iz Hkkdj] MkW -'khyk ns c] MkW -euiz hr fla g [kq ehZ ] MkW -nhfIr vxz oky] MkW -ujs 'k ikW Vj] Jh 'kjn dq ekj fla g] MkW -Vh-lq Unjjeu] MkW -jtuh vkj-os n] MkW -ds -iIiw ] MkW -vHk; ca x] la ;q Dr lfpo ¼vkjlh,p½ mik;q Dr ¼cky LokLF; ,oa Vhdkdj.k½ lgk;d vk;q Dr ¼cky LokLF;½ lgk;d vk;q Dr ¼cky LokLF;½ lykgdkj ¼cky LokLF;½ lykgdkj ¼cky LokLF;½ lykgdkj ¼cky LokLF;½ lykgdkj ¼Ms Vk ,ufyfll ,oa ekW uhVfja x½ dk;Z dkjh funs 'kd] ,u ,p ,l vkj lh lykgdkj] dE;q fuVh iz kls ls t] ;w uks Il] ukos Z ba fM;k ikVZ ujf'ki buhfl,fVo funs 'kd] lpZ ] x<+ fpjkS yh ,u ,p ,l vkj lh fo'ks "kK

The majority of newborn problems are specific to the perinatal period. They cause not only deaths... more The majority of newborn problems are specific to the perinatal period. They cause not only deaths but also substantial morbidity and disability. These problems are the result of poor maternal health, inadequate care during pregnancy, inappropriate management and poor hygiene during delivery, lack of newborn care and discriminatory care. Life expectancy of the neonates is increasing with the help of advances in neonatology, new life support techniques and new treatment modalities. But despite all these measures and the management of the nosocomial neonatal sepsis ,birth asphyxia and hypothermia is a big problem. The solution left is to control by implementing preventive measures in labour room and immediate newborn care services after birth at Health facilities. An assessment of the public health facilities in three districts of Bihar was performed and the findings are presented.

Stress is one of the major problems in modern times which we face every second. As a result sever... more Stress is one of the major problems in modern times which we face every second. As a result several ways of coping up with stress are evolved. We here describe the study of effects of one such popular non pharmacological measure, “Yoga” on the mental health of its practitioners. Both, the subjective and physiological parameters were considering while evaluating the impact of Yoga, present effects of non-pharmacological measures on mental health for stress management, more interestingly which is practically available for every one of us and basically, free of cost. Famed under the name “YOGA”, we studied its effect on every systems like cardiovascular system, respiratory system, muscular-skeletal system and there on. We have observed and analyzed the quantitative and qualitative effects on a number of subjects. The effects of Yoga in sports chronic/terminal illness and mental health were checked for. Qualitative Assessment of mental health was done using The General Health Questionna...

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) has been launched on Feb 6, 2013 in Palghar, Thane distri... more Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) has been launched on Feb 6, 2013 in Palghar, Thane district of Maharashtra. This new programme has been envisaged to screen and treat or manage a set of health conditions including defects at birth, deficiencies, diseases and developmental delays including disability. The programme would cover more than 27 crore children in the group of 0 to 18 years in a phased manner. All newborns born at public health facilities and home would be screened for birth defects by health personnel and ASHA respectively, six weeks to six years at Anganwadi centres and six years to 18 years enrolled in government and government aided schools. These children would then be referred to appropriate facility for further management. In order to implement the same a dedicated Mobile Block Health Teams would be recruited and stationed at the block level (three per block) consisting of two AYUSH Doctors (one male, one female), one ANM/ Staff Nurse and one Pharmacist. In ad...

No society is a static society. Space, processes and nature, as well as the direction of social c... more No society is a static society. Space, processes and nature, as well as the direction of social change varies from time to time and from society to society. Social movements play an important role in escalating not only the processes of change, but also in giving direction to social transformation. The 20th century has been a century of democratic upsurge. Classical forms of imperialism and colonialism were overthrown in Asia and Africa in the course of struggles for liberation. The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of South Africa have grown strong since the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994. Both nations have since developed close strategic, cultural and economic ties. This paper focuses upon similarities and dissimilarities between the pattern of urbanization, migration and social movements in twentieth century India and South Africa. It highlights the prevalence and persistence of male labour migration to and from the major industrial cent...

It is being increasingly recognized in National Health Systems of developing countries e.g. India... more It is being increasingly recognized in National Health Systems of developing countries e.g. India, that in order to achieve further reduction in child mortality rate, adequate attention needs to be paid to address neonatal causes of child mortality. As a result, national policy changes aimed at screening and management of birth defects e.g. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) in India have recently been initiated. It is well known that many drugs have harmful effects on the baby during the antenatal period and can cause birth defects. Majority of the fetus organs develop during the first two months of pregnancy and this is a particular period wherein the fetus is at high risk of teratogenesis. It is important to understand benefits vs. risks for such drugs e.g. Lithium, that not only have a very small therapeutic window, but also high risk teratogenic potential. Lithium is a well established drug used in the treatment of bipolar disorders during pregnancy and is protective for w...

Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Developmental delays including disabilities in child... more Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Developmental delays including disabilities in children pose a significant challenge for the entire world and especially for a low and middle income country like India. Although, there is some data available for childhood diseases and deficiencies, but very little in-country data is available for defects at birth and developmental delays. It is estimated that India may account for the largest number of such children worldwide. Moreover, the social costs and epidemiological information on these 4 ‘D’s has huge potential benefits in terms of reducing incidence of these conditions and also by improving quality of life. “Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)” was launched in Feb 2013 by the Government of India to screen and manage children from birth to 18 years, as a step towards universal healthcare and eventually cover 270 million children in a phased manner. Hence, this programme has the potential to alleviate future suffering of affect...

As India is approaching Millennium Development Goals and having realized that, any further declin... more As India is approaching Millennium Development Goals and having realized that, any further decline in under-five mortality would result from the decline in Neonatal mortality, the Indian Government has launched an ambitious “India Newborn Action Plan”. The programme would benefit 26 million newborns born in the country and sets target of reducing neonatal mortality rate to less than 10 per thousand live births by 2030, five years ahead of Global target. The programme has identified six pillars where focused interventions would be made to meet the desired goals viz. Pre-Conception and Antenatal Care, Care during labour and Child birth, Immediate Newborn care, Care of the healthy Newborn, Care of Small and Sick Newborn and Care beyond Newborn Survival.

Introduction India carries the highest share of neonatal deaths in the world with around 30% of t... more Introduction India carries the highest share of neonatal deaths in the world with around 30% of the global neonatal deaths [1]. Out of this 30% neonatal death, 70% could be prevented if proven evidence-based interventions are implemented effectively with high coverage [2]. Also, facility based interventions can decrease neonatal mortality by 23-50% in variable settings. Therefore, facility based newborn care has a significant potential of improving newborn survival in India. As per the latest data available from Registrar General of India, Under five Mortality Rate (U5MR), Infant Mortality Rate and Neonatal Mortality Rate(NMR) stands at 59, 47 and 33 per thousand live births, respectively [3]. Whereas, U5MR has shown decline from 69 to 59 per thousand live births (SRS 2008, 10), NMR has remained almost constant from 35 to 33 per thousand live births during the same period. As shown in the Figure 1, released by the WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group in the year 2010, the n...

Birth defects consisted of a group of diverse clinical conditions categorized on the basis of a c... more Birth defects consisted of a group of diverse clinical conditions categorized on the basis of a congenital presentation and a partly or wholly genetic etiology. Although individually rare, birth defects affect 2-3% of all births in India. As India has the largest global annual births, in absolute numbers, India may harbor the largest number of affected children worldwide. There is a need of strategic research and interventions to bring down the rate of birth defects and associated economic burden and also a need to actively screen and identify them at early stage so necessary intervention (medical or surgical) could be initiated so as to reduce lifelong disability as a result of such defects. The recent child health screening and early intervention service initiative by the Government of India, the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram under the National Health Mission is the first attempt in the direction toward providing services for some of the more prevalent birth defects and has the...

Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) programme is one of the key initiatives launched by the Govern... more Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) programme is one of the key initiatives launched by the Government of India under the National Rural Health Mission and RMNCH+A Strategic programme to improve the status of newborn health in the country. Under the programme, efforts are being made to provide different level of newborn care at the health facilities. While Newborn Care Corners (NBCCs) have been established at all delivery points to provide essential newborn care, Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSUs) have being established at all Community Health Centers/First Referral Units for management of selected newborn conditions and to stabilize serious and sick newborns before referral to higher centres. This report analyzes the functioning of these units over the two year period.

Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) programme is one of the key initiatives launched by the Minist... more Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) programme is one of the key initiatives launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (MoHFW, GoI) under NRHM and RCH II to improve the status of newborn health in the country. Under this programme, Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) are being established at district hospitals and some sub-district hospitals to provide special care for sick newborns, that is, to provide all type of neonatal care except for assisted ventilation and major surgeries. This Technical report presents the results of the quarterly data collected from the States/UTs for the period April to June 2011. For the report, submission of written records was considered an essential pre-requisite for SNCU to be considered as an operational unit. After checking data for completeness and accuracy, a set of pre-defined indicators were calculated. The key findings are presented in this report.

Students Guide book for preparation of All India Pre Medical/ Pre Dental Entrance Examination