Manu Lahtinen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Manu Lahtinen
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry, Feb 1, 2007
Four new quaternary ammonium iodides, (Me 2 Pe 2 N)I, (Me 2 Hex 2 N)I, (Et 2 Pe 2 N)I and (Et 2 H... more Four new quaternary ammonium iodides, (Me 2 Pe 2 N)I, (Me 2 Hex 2 N)I, (Et 2 Pe 2 N)I and (Et 2 Hex 2 N)I, were synthesized and studied as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. All compounds were solids at room temperature. Influence of varying amounts of elemental ...
Acta Crystallographica Section A, 2017
Amidst of organic macromolecules and their non-covalently bound aggregates, coordination cages, s... more Amidst of organic macromolecules and their non-covalently bound aggregates, coordination cages, self-assembled from organic ligands and metal ions, are an important class of supramolecular hosts (or molecular containers).[1,2] Typically, coordination cages provide a hydrophobic binding pocket within the cage whereas selectivity towards specific types of guest molecules can be enhanced by incorporating hydrogen bonding, π-bonding or ionic sites into the ligand backbone. We have recently shown that cationic tripodal ligands promote binding of anionic guests via ionic interactions within coordination cages.[3] In this contribution we demonstrate that this ligand-guest interaction-based encapsulation can be exploited in binding of secondary guest molecules by halogen bonding interactions. In particular, this presentation will focus on the structural features of a novel tetrahedral cage with the composition of [(Cu3I4)4(L)4]8+ that is prepared via self-assembly between copper(I) iodide a...
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2020
C Ethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of ten carboxylic acids (Cn) associate... more C Ethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of ten carboxylic acids (Cn) associate to form A•B•Cn ternary assemblies with 1:1:1 stoichiometry, representing a useful class of ternary systems where the guest mediates complex formation between the host and a third component. Although individually weak in solution, the combined strength of the multiple non-covalent interactions organizes the complexes even in a highly hydrogen-bond competing methanol solution as explored by both experimental and computational methods. The interactions between A•B and Cn are dependent on the pKa values of carboxylic acids. The weak interactions between A and C further reinforce the interactions between A and B, demonstrating positive cooperativity. Our results reveal that the two-component system such as that formed by A and B can form the basis for the development of specific sensors for the molecular recognition of carboxylic acids. ASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: xxxx. Experimental details, copies of the 1 H, 19 F NMR, DOSY and NOESY data, ITC data, and computational data (PDF). X-ray crystallographic data for A•B, A•C6, B•C1, A•B•C1, A•B•C5, A•B•C7, A•B•C9, and A•B•C10 can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif. CCDC 1938866-1938873 (CIF).
Crystal Growth & Design, 2018
The major diastereomer formed in the Barbier-type metal-mediated allylation of D-mannose has prev... more The major diastereomer formed in the Barbier-type metal-mediated allylation of D-mannose has previously been shown to adopt a perfectly linear conformation, both in solid state and in solution, resulting in the formation of hydrogen-bonded networks and subsequent aggregation from aqueous solution upon stirring. Here, a comprehensive study of the solid state structure of both the allylated D-mannose and its racemic form has been conducted. The binary melting point diagram of the system was determined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and the obtained results, along with structure determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction, confirmed that allylated mannose forms a true racemate. Further examination by powder X-ray diffraction and CP MAS 13 C NMR spectroscopy revealed polymorphism both in the pure enantiomer and in the racemate. In addition, the propargylated and hydrogenated analogues of allylated D-mannose were prepared and subjected to thermal and spectroscopic analyses. The crystal structure of the propargylated compound was successfully determined, showing a linear molecular conformation similar to that found for allylated D-mannose. Both new compounds likewise display aggregation behavior in water, further verifying that the low-energy linear conformation plays a significant role in this unusual behavior of these rodlike mannose derivatives.
CrystEngComm, 2018
In the (2,5-dihalopyridine)2·CuCl2complexes varying the C5-position halogens affects the halogen ... more In the (2,5-dihalopyridine)2·CuCl2complexes varying the C5-position halogens affects the halogen bonding properties so that the C5–X5⋯Cl–Cu halogen bonds follow the order F5 < Cl5 < Br5 < I5 when the substituent at 2-position is chlorine and Cl5 < Br5 < I5 when it is bromine.
Crystal Growth & Design, 2019
This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original... more This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details.
RSC Advances, 2018
This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hyd... more This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate.
Water Resources and Industry, 2018
Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe 3 O 4 /AC) were fabricated by coprecipi... more Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe 3 O 4 /AC) were fabricated by coprecipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH=2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd(II),initial metal ion concentration=50mgL-1 ,nanoparticle dose=50mg/10mL, temperature=25±1°C, shaking speed=180 rpm and contact time=3h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R 2 values obtained by Langmuir model were highest by Fe 3 O 4 /AC for Cr(VI)=0.9994,Cu(II)=0.9998 and Cd(II) = 0.9750. The temperature dependent study in the 2 range of 288 to 328 K confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Desorption studies with 0.1 M HCl stated that these nanoparticles can be regenerated effectively and can be used after four adsorption-desorption cycles without any mass loss.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2016
Facile fabrication of flower like self-assembled mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of In... more Facile fabrication of flower like self-assembled mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of In(OH) 3 and In 2 O 3 : In(OH) 3 micro flowers with electron beam sensitive thin petals, Materials Chemistry and Physics (2016),
Polyhedron, 2017
Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS 4 , NiS 2 PN and NiS 2 PCl coordination spheres viz. [N... more Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS 4 , NiS 2 PN and NiS 2 PCl coordination spheres viz. [Ni(bupmbzdtc) 2 ] (1), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh 3)(NCS)] (2), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh 3)Cl] (3), [Ni(4dpmpzdtc)(PPh 3)Cl] (4) and [Ni(pbbzbudtc)(PPh 3)(NCS)] (5) where, bupmbzdtc = N-butyl(p-* Corresponding author.
Crystal Growth & Design, 2016
Terminally unsaturated and diastereochemically pure polyol derived from D-mannose shows spontaneo... more Terminally unsaturated and diastereochemically pure polyol derived from D-mannose shows spontaneous aggregation behavior in water solution. In order to study and clarify this unforeseen phenomenon, a conformational study based on NMR spectroscopy combined with ab initio structure analysis using the COSMO-solvation model was pursued. The results, together with X-2 ray diffraction studies, suggest a low energy linear conformation for this particular substrate both in solid states and in solution. For such small-sized acyclic carbohydrate derivatives, the linear conformation appears to be a key prerequisite for the unusual molecular self-assembly reported herein.
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2010
for all types of guests molecules which are ordered in the middle of the channel, whereas inflexi... more for all types of guests molecules which are ordered in the middle of the channel, whereas inflexible [V(O)(bdc)] n can adsorb only a little amount of the guest (5-10 mol. %). In the first case, the stoichiometry of inclusion compound is Guest 0.5 @[Al(OH)(bdc)] or Guest 0.25 @[Al(OH)(bdc)]. In the case of [V(O)(bdc)] n , only cobaltocene forms inclusion phase composition cobaltocene 0.5 @[V(O)(bdc)] n due to the formation of charge-transfer complex [4]. Hydrogen bonds, host-guest and guest-guest interactions as well as structural effects of the substitute group inside the guest molecule have been studied in details for all inclusion compounds.
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2010
Page s82 s82 sphere. In addition, partial protonation of the pyridyl substituents of TPyP may als... more Page s82 s82 sphere. In addition, partial protonation of the pyridyl substituents of TPyP may also induce self-complementary hydrogen bonding between the pyridinium and pyridyl functions of the porphyrin scaffolds. In this work we explore the networking capacity of TPyP with aqua nitrates of various lanthanide ions, while taking advantage of coordination as well as hydrogen bonding features of the porphyrin entity [2]. Details of the supramolecular assembly modes of these materials will be presented.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2013
![Research paper thumbnail of A linear Fe–O–Fe unit in bis(dibenzyldimethylammonium) μ-oxo-bis[tribromoferrate(III)]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112276279/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 2006
CrystEngComm, 2009
Space group (No.) P2 1 /c (14) Lattice parameters a/ Å 12,239(1) b/ Å 9,4538(8) c/ Å 17,875(2) al... more Space group (No.) P2 1 /c (14) Lattice parameters a/ Å 12,239(1) b/ Å 9,4538(8) c/ Å 17,875(2) alpha/ ° 90 beta/ ° 129,745(4) gamma/ ° 90 V/ 10 6 pm 3 1590,25100 Overall displacement parameter 6,2(3) Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu)
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019
Table of Contents: 1. Chemicals 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 1. Chemicals and Methods. H 2 AuC... more Table of Contents: 1. Chemicals 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 1. Chemicals and Methods. H 2 AuCl 4 •3H 2 O (Aldrich, 99.9%), Na 2 PdCl 6 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.99%), Hg(NO 3) 2 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.99%), Cd(NO 3) 2 (Carlo Erba Reagents, 99%), CdCl 2 (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%), 113 CdCl 2 (Trace Sciences International Inc., enriched 95%+), tetra-n-octylammonium bromide (Aldrich, 98%), n-butanethiol (Aldrich, 99.8%), phenylethanethiol (Aldrich, 99.8%), NaBH 4 (Aldrich, 99%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), toluene (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.7%), diethyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.8%), methanol (Aldrich, 99.8%), H 2 PtCl 6 •xH 2 O (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%), trimethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.5%), trans-2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2methyl-2-propenylidene] malononitrile (DCTB, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), and benzene-d 6 (Aldrich or Eurisotop, 99.96%, d 6) were used as received. For electrochemistry, dichloromethane (DCM anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.8%) was stored under an argon atmosphere. n-BuNPF 6 (Fluka, 99%) was recrystallized from ethanol. Low conductivity water was milliQ Water pro analysis (Merck). Column chromatography was carried out using silica gel from Macherey-Nagel (MN-Kieselgel 60 M, 230-400 mesh). 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 0 (M = Pt, Pd). Both Au 24 Pt(SC 4) 18 0 and Au 24 Pd(SC 4) 18
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry, Feb 1, 2007
Four new quaternary ammonium iodides, (Me 2 Pe 2 N)I, (Me 2 Hex 2 N)I, (Et 2 Pe 2 N)I and (Et 2 H... more Four new quaternary ammonium iodides, (Me 2 Pe 2 N)I, (Me 2 Hex 2 N)I, (Et 2 Pe 2 N)I and (Et 2 Hex 2 N)I, were synthesized and studied as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. All compounds were solids at room temperature. Influence of varying amounts of elemental ...
Acta Crystallographica Section A, 2017
Amidst of organic macromolecules and their non-covalently bound aggregates, coordination cages, s... more Amidst of organic macromolecules and their non-covalently bound aggregates, coordination cages, self-assembled from organic ligands and metal ions, are an important class of supramolecular hosts (or molecular containers).[1,2] Typically, coordination cages provide a hydrophobic binding pocket within the cage whereas selectivity towards specific types of guest molecules can be enhanced by incorporating hydrogen bonding, π-bonding or ionic sites into the ligand backbone. We have recently shown that cationic tripodal ligands promote binding of anionic guests via ionic interactions within coordination cages.[3] In this contribution we demonstrate that this ligand-guest interaction-based encapsulation can be exploited in binding of secondary guest molecules by halogen bonding interactions. In particular, this presentation will focus on the structural features of a novel tetrahedral cage with the composition of [(Cu3I4)4(L)4]8+ that is prepared via self-assembly between copper(I) iodide a...
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2020
C Ethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of ten carboxylic acids (Cn) associate... more C Ethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of ten carboxylic acids (Cn) associate to form A•B•Cn ternary assemblies with 1:1:1 stoichiometry, representing a useful class of ternary systems where the guest mediates complex formation between the host and a third component. Although individually weak in solution, the combined strength of the multiple non-covalent interactions organizes the complexes even in a highly hydrogen-bond competing methanol solution as explored by both experimental and computational methods. The interactions between A•B and Cn are dependent on the pKa values of carboxylic acids. The weak interactions between A and C further reinforce the interactions between A and B, demonstrating positive cooperativity. Our results reveal that the two-component system such as that formed by A and B can form the basis for the development of specific sensors for the molecular recognition of carboxylic acids. ASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: xxxx. Experimental details, copies of the 1 H, 19 F NMR, DOSY and NOESY data, ITC data, and computational data (PDF). X-ray crystallographic data for A•B, A•C6, B•C1, A•B•C1, A•B•C5, A•B•C7, A•B•C9, and A•B•C10 can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif. CCDC 1938866-1938873 (CIF).
Crystal Growth & Design, 2018
The major diastereomer formed in the Barbier-type metal-mediated allylation of D-mannose has prev... more The major diastereomer formed in the Barbier-type metal-mediated allylation of D-mannose has previously been shown to adopt a perfectly linear conformation, both in solid state and in solution, resulting in the formation of hydrogen-bonded networks and subsequent aggregation from aqueous solution upon stirring. Here, a comprehensive study of the solid state structure of both the allylated D-mannose and its racemic form has been conducted. The binary melting point diagram of the system was determined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and the obtained results, along with structure determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction, confirmed that allylated mannose forms a true racemate. Further examination by powder X-ray diffraction and CP MAS 13 C NMR spectroscopy revealed polymorphism both in the pure enantiomer and in the racemate. In addition, the propargylated and hydrogenated analogues of allylated D-mannose were prepared and subjected to thermal and spectroscopic analyses. The crystal structure of the propargylated compound was successfully determined, showing a linear molecular conformation similar to that found for allylated D-mannose. Both new compounds likewise display aggregation behavior in water, further verifying that the low-energy linear conformation plays a significant role in this unusual behavior of these rodlike mannose derivatives.
CrystEngComm, 2018
In the (2,5-dihalopyridine)2·CuCl2complexes varying the C5-position halogens affects the halogen ... more In the (2,5-dihalopyridine)2·CuCl2complexes varying the C5-position halogens affects the halogen bonding properties so that the C5–X5⋯Cl–Cu halogen bonds follow the order F5 < Cl5 < Br5 < I5 when the substituent at 2-position is chlorine and Cl5 < Br5 < I5 when it is bromine.
Crystal Growth & Design, 2019
This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original... more This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details.
RSC Advances, 2018
This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hyd... more This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate.
Water Resources and Industry, 2018
Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe 3 O 4 /AC) were fabricated by coprecipi... more Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe 3 O 4 /AC) were fabricated by coprecipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH=2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd(II),initial metal ion concentration=50mgL-1 ,nanoparticle dose=50mg/10mL, temperature=25±1°C, shaking speed=180 rpm and contact time=3h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R 2 values obtained by Langmuir model were highest by Fe 3 O 4 /AC for Cr(VI)=0.9994,Cu(II)=0.9998 and Cd(II) = 0.9750. The temperature dependent study in the 2 range of 288 to 328 K confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Desorption studies with 0.1 M HCl stated that these nanoparticles can be regenerated effectively and can be used after four adsorption-desorption cycles without any mass loss.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2016
Facile fabrication of flower like self-assembled mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of In... more Facile fabrication of flower like self-assembled mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of In(OH) 3 and In 2 O 3 : In(OH) 3 micro flowers with electron beam sensitive thin petals, Materials Chemistry and Physics (2016),
Polyhedron, 2017
Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS 4 , NiS 2 PN and NiS 2 PCl coordination spheres viz. [N... more Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS 4 , NiS 2 PN and NiS 2 PCl coordination spheres viz. [Ni(bupmbzdtc) 2 ] (1), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh 3)(NCS)] (2), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh 3)Cl] (3), [Ni(4dpmpzdtc)(PPh 3)Cl] (4) and [Ni(pbbzbudtc)(PPh 3)(NCS)] (5) where, bupmbzdtc = N-butyl(p-* Corresponding author.
Crystal Growth & Design, 2016
Terminally unsaturated and diastereochemically pure polyol derived from D-mannose shows spontaneo... more Terminally unsaturated and diastereochemically pure polyol derived from D-mannose shows spontaneous aggregation behavior in water solution. In order to study and clarify this unforeseen phenomenon, a conformational study based on NMR spectroscopy combined with ab initio structure analysis using the COSMO-solvation model was pursued. The results, together with X-2 ray diffraction studies, suggest a low energy linear conformation for this particular substrate both in solid states and in solution. For such small-sized acyclic carbohydrate derivatives, the linear conformation appears to be a key prerequisite for the unusual molecular self-assembly reported herein.
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2010
for all types of guests molecules which are ordered in the middle of the channel, whereas inflexi... more for all types of guests molecules which are ordered in the middle of the channel, whereas inflexible [V(O)(bdc)] n can adsorb only a little amount of the guest (5-10 mol. %). In the first case, the stoichiometry of inclusion compound is Guest 0.5 @[Al(OH)(bdc)] or Guest 0.25 @[Al(OH)(bdc)]. In the case of [V(O)(bdc)] n , only cobaltocene forms inclusion phase composition cobaltocene 0.5 @[V(O)(bdc)] n due to the formation of charge-transfer complex [4]. Hydrogen bonds, host-guest and guest-guest interactions as well as structural effects of the substitute group inside the guest molecule have been studied in details for all inclusion compounds.
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2010
Page s82 s82 sphere. In addition, partial protonation of the pyridyl substituents of TPyP may als... more Page s82 s82 sphere. In addition, partial protonation of the pyridyl substituents of TPyP may also induce self-complementary hydrogen bonding between the pyridinium and pyridyl functions of the porphyrin scaffolds. In this work we explore the networking capacity of TPyP with aqua nitrates of various lanthanide ions, while taking advantage of coordination as well as hydrogen bonding features of the porphyrin entity [2]. Details of the supramolecular assembly modes of these materials will be presented.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2013
Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 2006
CrystEngComm, 2009
Space group (No.) P2 1 /c (14) Lattice parameters a/ Å 12,239(1) b/ Å 9,4538(8) c/ Å 17,875(2) al... more Space group (No.) P2 1 /c (14) Lattice parameters a/ Å 12,239(1) b/ Å 9,4538(8) c/ Å 17,875(2) alpha/ ° 90 beta/ ° 129,745(4) gamma/ ° 90 V/ 10 6 pm 3 1590,25100 Overall displacement parameter 6,2(3) Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu)
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019
Table of Contents: 1. Chemicals 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 1. Chemicals and Methods. H 2 AuC... more Table of Contents: 1. Chemicals 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 1. Chemicals and Methods. H 2 AuCl 4 •3H 2 O (Aldrich, 99.9%), Na 2 PdCl 6 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.99%), Hg(NO 3) 2 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.99%), Cd(NO 3) 2 (Carlo Erba Reagents, 99%), CdCl 2 (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%), 113 CdCl 2 (Trace Sciences International Inc., enriched 95%+), tetra-n-octylammonium bromide (Aldrich, 98%), n-butanethiol (Aldrich, 99.8%), phenylethanethiol (Aldrich, 99.8%), NaBH 4 (Aldrich, 99%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), toluene (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.7%), diethyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.8%), methanol (Aldrich, 99.8%), H 2 PtCl 6 •xH 2 O (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%), trimethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.5%), trans-2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2methyl-2-propenylidene] malononitrile (DCTB, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), and benzene-d 6 (Aldrich or Eurisotop, 99.96%, d 6) were used as received. For electrochemistry, dichloromethane (DCM anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.8%) was stored under an argon atmosphere. n-BuNPF 6 (Fluka, 99%) was recrystallized from ethanol. Low conductivity water was milliQ Water pro analysis (Merck). Column chromatography was carried out using silica gel from Macherey-Nagel (MN-Kieselgel 60 M, 230-400 mesh). 2. Synthesis of Au 24 M(SC4) 18 0 (M = Pt, Pd). Both Au 24 Pt(SC 4) 18 0 and Au 24 Pd(SC 4) 18