Manuel Cabrera - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Manuel Cabrera
Waste and Byproducts in Cement-Based Materials
New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete, 2019
Abstract The use of wastes, recycled material and by-products in the construction sector requires... more Abstract The use of wastes, recycled material and by-products in the construction sector requires technical and environmental validation of their application. The reduction of consumption of natural materials with the incorporation of recycled materials must be increasingly promoted by administrations and governments. Specifically, recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste have been applied in the manufacture of concrete and mortar, as well as in road construction. These recycled materials and other waste or by-products which can be used in concrete manufacture, must be evaluated from an environmental point of view, through determination and analysis of the leachates that can be generated. The leaching of pollutant components from recycled materials such as metals, sulphates or organic components are influenced by the different chemical and physical properties of the material as well as environmental conditions. About the environmental characterisation of wastes, there are different standards that must be applied in the study of the leaching behaviour of eco-efficient concrete, such as CEN/TS 15862: 2012 which are explained in detail in this chapter.
Materials, 2021
The management of different industrial by-products, such as recycled aggregates from construction... more The management of different industrial by-products, such as recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste and alumina by-products, as well as the reduction of landfill deposits by incorporating these products in a second life cycle, were the focus of this work. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical viability of using these waste and by-product as a material for road pavement base layers. For this purpose, a real-scale application was carried out, and the behavior of three types of materials, applied on a section of an experimental road under real vehicle traffic conditions, was studied and compared. Three materials were used in these sections applied in the road sub-bases. First, a control material composed of a type of artificial gravel was used to be compared with the rest of materials; the second material was composed of recycled aggregates, and the third was composed of a mix of recycled aggregates and alumina waste. The results concluded that the e...
En busqueda de la sostenibilidad medioambiental, es cada vez mas comun la explotacion de energias... more En busqueda de la sostenibilidad medioambiental, es cada vez mas comun la explotacion de energias renovables. Espana es un pais con gran produccion de biomasa procedente de los procesos productivos en la industria agricola, y consecuentemente, la produccion de energia a partir de combustion de biomasa es una alternativa viable que esta en auge en estos ultimos anos.
En la actualidad es fundamental minimizar los costes y el impacto ambiental a la hora de rehabili... more En la actualidad es fundamental minimizar los costes y el impacto ambiental a la hora de rehabilitar y construir carreteras. En los ultimos anos se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre la reutilizacion de aridos reciclados en capas estructurales de carreteras y hormigones. Otro tipo de residuos podrian ser aplicados con estos fines, pero en la actualidad o son llevados a vertedero o se utilizan en aplicaciones con poco valor anadido. En concreto, debido a la creciente demanda de energias limpias, en Andalucia se ha desarrollado un sector importante alrededor de la generacion de energias electricas a partir de la combustion de biomasa. Con este sistema de generacion de energia renovable se asocia un incremento de los subproductos resultantes de la combustion, denominados cenizas de biomasa, las cuales pueden ser de fondo (CFB), y volantes (CVB). El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las posibilidades de reutilizacion de cenizas de fondo de biomasa para la construccion de obr...
Applied Sciences, 2020
In recent years the use of biomass for electricity generation in thermal and cogeneration plants ... more In recent years the use of biomass for electricity generation in thermal and cogeneration plants has increased worldwide because it is an environmentally clean fuel whose impact measured in greenhouse gas emissions is practically zero. However, biomass bottom ash, a waste produced during combustion, has also increased considerably, which has both a negative economic and environmental impact, due to landfill transport and management of this by-product. Although biomass bottom ash has potential characteristics for application in the manufacture of construction materials, its full-scale application is difficult because of the wide range in physicochemical properties, depending on the type of biomass burned, such as wood residue, olive waste, waste paper sludge, cocoa shell, etc., and the type of combustion process in the plant. This study reviews the influence on the physicochemical properties, mechanical behavior, and durability of different cement-based materials, such as mortars, co...
Materials, 2020
Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring... more Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring that this base is compliant with the technical specifications required for the subsequent development of different infrastructures. This study proposes the use of commercial nanomaterials, based on a solution of silicates, to improve the technical characteristics and bearing capacity of the expansive soil. A physical–chemical property study was carried out on the additive nanomaterial. Subsequently, different mixtures of expansive soil, selected soil and artificial gravel with quicklime and commercial nanomaterials were developed to evaluate the improvement obtained by the use of nanomaterials in the technical characteristics of the soil. Compressive strength and the Californian Bearing Ratio index were considerably increased. A full-scale study was carried out in which the nanomaterial product was applied to two different sections of stabilized road compared to a control section. The r...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Materials, 2020
In the last 15 years, new types of display technologies have increasingly replaced cathode ray tu... more In the last 15 years, new types of display technologies have increasingly replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) screens, which has led to an increase in landfill of old discarded CRT televisions, which present a great environmental challenge throughout the world due to their high lead content. In addition, environmental awareness has led to greater use of recycled aggregates to reduce the exploitation of existing reserves. This document aims to study the feasibility of incorporating CRT glass waste with recycled aggregate (RA) in combinations for use in civil engineering, more specifically in road bases and sub-bases. For the mechanical and environmental assessment of all of the samples and materials, the following procedures have been performed: the compliance batch test of UNE-EN 12457-4:2004 for RA, CRT, and mixtures; the Percolation Test according CEN/TS 14405 for the mixtures, CRT, and RA; Modified Proctor and load capacity (the California Bearing Ratio, or CBR) in all mixtures witho...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017
The use of biomass for power generation is increasingly common. However, one of the most importan... more The use of biomass for power generation is increasingly common. However, one of the most important problems when using biomass is the amount of waste produced in the combustion process such as ash, which must be transported to landfills for deposition. Biomass bottom ash may contain a large amount of organic matter which is the most restrictive property for reusing this by-product. The potential reuse is determined by chemical and physical properties. The presence of light particles and organic matter confer to biomass bottom ash certain physical and chemical characteristics which significantly reduce the possibility of reuse. Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of using biomass bottom ash in cement-treated materials, but its properties imply a decrease of compressive and flexural strength. Therefore, this paper reported the study of the mechanical and durability properties of mortars containing biomass bottom ash applying different processing methods. Cement was replaced with different rates of substitution of biomass bottom ash and several samples were treated applying different techniques, such as grinding, elimination of lightweight particles and combustion. The results showed significant improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of mortars in which some treatment were applied. Lightweight particle extraction and organic matter removal by burning considerably improved the mechanical behaviour of the manufactured
Materials, 2016
This research is focused on analyzing the environmental pollution potential of biomass bottom ash... more This research is focused on analyzing the environmental pollution potential of biomass bottom ashes as individual materials, as mixtures manufactured with biomass bottom ashes and granular construction aggregates, and these mixtures treated with cement. For the environmental assessment of all of the samples and materials mentioned, the following leaching procedures have been performed: the compliance batch test of UNE-EN 12457-3:2003 for aggregates and bottom ashes; the column test according to NEN 7343:1994 for the mixtures prepared in the laboratory; and the tank test by EA NEN 7375:2004 for analyzing the behavior of mixtures after their solidification/stabilization with 5% cement. After the discussion of the data, the reduction of the pollution load of the most hazardous biomass bottom ashes after their combination with different aggregates can be confirmed, which implies their possible application in civil infrastructures, such as filler embankments and road construction layers, without negatively impacting the environment. In addition, the positive effect of the stabilization/solidification of the cement-treated mixtures with a reduction of the heavy metals that were released at the highest levels, namely As, Hg Cr, Ni, Cu, Se and Mo, was proven.
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Thirty samples of BBA from wood and olive trees were analysed. Low density, h... more h i g h l i g h t s Thirty samples of BBA from wood and olive trees were analysed. Low density, high absorption and high organic matter content were observed. Technical feasibility was proved according to the Spanish specification for roads. BBA were classified as subsidiary material feasible as construction material. The use of the ashes as a filler material in road embankments was proved.
ABSTRACT The present work discusses the results of an experimental study investigating the perfor... more ABSTRACT The present work discusses the results of an experimental study investigating the performance of cement-treated granular materials, which were prepared from natural aggregates, recycled concrete aggregates, crushed clay bricks and gypsum. Recycled aggregates can potentially contain large amounts of acid-soluble sulphates. High sulphate contents can lead to the formation of ettringite, which causes dimensional instability in cement-treated materials. The tested samples were manufactured with different types of cement (CEM II and Sulphate-Resistant Portland Cement) and different compositions of the recycled materials to observe the effects of the sulphate content on the mechanical behaviour and the dimensional stability. As a result, the influence of the amount of sulphates on the deformation was determined, which is an aspect that must be considered in applications of this recycled product in road layers.
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
ABSTRACT Biomass is a renewable energy source that is increasingly being used worldwide. However,... more ABSTRACT Biomass is a renewable energy source that is increasingly being used worldwide. However, because of recent increases in production, waste products from biomass combustion are becoming a relevant environmental and economic problem. In the present research, the technical feasibility of bottom ash from various Andalusian power plants is analysed to evaluate their potential use in civil engineering infrastructures. The physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of this by-product is evaluated, and these parameters are compared to the technical specifications for roads imposed by Spanish regulation. It was determined that biomass bottom ash possesses acceptable properties to be used as a filler material in the core of road embankments over 5 m in height without additional precautionary measures, such as the construction of road shoulders.
Waste and Byproducts in Cement-Based Materials
New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete, 2019
Abstract The use of wastes, recycled material and by-products in the construction sector requires... more Abstract The use of wastes, recycled material and by-products in the construction sector requires technical and environmental validation of their application. The reduction of consumption of natural materials with the incorporation of recycled materials must be increasingly promoted by administrations and governments. Specifically, recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste have been applied in the manufacture of concrete and mortar, as well as in road construction. These recycled materials and other waste or by-products which can be used in concrete manufacture, must be evaluated from an environmental point of view, through determination and analysis of the leachates that can be generated. The leaching of pollutant components from recycled materials such as metals, sulphates or organic components are influenced by the different chemical and physical properties of the material as well as environmental conditions. About the environmental characterisation of wastes, there are different standards that must be applied in the study of the leaching behaviour of eco-efficient concrete, such as CEN/TS 15862: 2012 which are explained in detail in this chapter.
Materials, 2021
The management of different industrial by-products, such as recycled aggregates from construction... more The management of different industrial by-products, such as recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste and alumina by-products, as well as the reduction of landfill deposits by incorporating these products in a second life cycle, were the focus of this work. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical viability of using these waste and by-product as a material for road pavement base layers. For this purpose, a real-scale application was carried out, and the behavior of three types of materials, applied on a section of an experimental road under real vehicle traffic conditions, was studied and compared. Three materials were used in these sections applied in the road sub-bases. First, a control material composed of a type of artificial gravel was used to be compared with the rest of materials; the second material was composed of recycled aggregates, and the third was composed of a mix of recycled aggregates and alumina waste. The results concluded that the e...
En busqueda de la sostenibilidad medioambiental, es cada vez mas comun la explotacion de energias... more En busqueda de la sostenibilidad medioambiental, es cada vez mas comun la explotacion de energias renovables. Espana es un pais con gran produccion de biomasa procedente de los procesos productivos en la industria agricola, y consecuentemente, la produccion de energia a partir de combustion de biomasa es una alternativa viable que esta en auge en estos ultimos anos.
En la actualidad es fundamental minimizar los costes y el impacto ambiental a la hora de rehabili... more En la actualidad es fundamental minimizar los costes y el impacto ambiental a la hora de rehabilitar y construir carreteras. En los ultimos anos se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre la reutilizacion de aridos reciclados en capas estructurales de carreteras y hormigones. Otro tipo de residuos podrian ser aplicados con estos fines, pero en la actualidad o son llevados a vertedero o se utilizan en aplicaciones con poco valor anadido. En concreto, debido a la creciente demanda de energias limpias, en Andalucia se ha desarrollado un sector importante alrededor de la generacion de energias electricas a partir de la combustion de biomasa. Con este sistema de generacion de energia renovable se asocia un incremento de los subproductos resultantes de la combustion, denominados cenizas de biomasa, las cuales pueden ser de fondo (CFB), y volantes (CVB). El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las posibilidades de reutilizacion de cenizas de fondo de biomasa para la construccion de obr...
Applied Sciences, 2020
In recent years the use of biomass for electricity generation in thermal and cogeneration plants ... more In recent years the use of biomass for electricity generation in thermal and cogeneration plants has increased worldwide because it is an environmentally clean fuel whose impact measured in greenhouse gas emissions is practically zero. However, biomass bottom ash, a waste produced during combustion, has also increased considerably, which has both a negative economic and environmental impact, due to landfill transport and management of this by-product. Although biomass bottom ash has potential characteristics for application in the manufacture of construction materials, its full-scale application is difficult because of the wide range in physicochemical properties, depending on the type of biomass burned, such as wood residue, olive waste, waste paper sludge, cocoa shell, etc., and the type of combustion process in the plant. This study reviews the influence on the physicochemical properties, mechanical behavior, and durability of different cement-based materials, such as mortars, co...
Materials, 2020
Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring... more Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring that this base is compliant with the technical specifications required for the subsequent development of different infrastructures. This study proposes the use of commercial nanomaterials, based on a solution of silicates, to improve the technical characteristics and bearing capacity of the expansive soil. A physical–chemical property study was carried out on the additive nanomaterial. Subsequently, different mixtures of expansive soil, selected soil and artificial gravel with quicklime and commercial nanomaterials were developed to evaluate the improvement obtained by the use of nanomaterials in the technical characteristics of the soil. Compressive strength and the Californian Bearing Ratio index were considerably increased. A full-scale study was carried out in which the nanomaterial product was applied to two different sections of stabilized road compared to a control section. The r...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Materials, 2020
In the last 15 years, new types of display technologies have increasingly replaced cathode ray tu... more In the last 15 years, new types of display technologies have increasingly replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) screens, which has led to an increase in landfill of old discarded CRT televisions, which present a great environmental challenge throughout the world due to their high lead content. In addition, environmental awareness has led to greater use of recycled aggregates to reduce the exploitation of existing reserves. This document aims to study the feasibility of incorporating CRT glass waste with recycled aggregate (RA) in combinations for use in civil engineering, more specifically in road bases and sub-bases. For the mechanical and environmental assessment of all of the samples and materials, the following procedures have been performed: the compliance batch test of UNE-EN 12457-4:2004 for RA, CRT, and mixtures; the Percolation Test according CEN/TS 14405 for the mixtures, CRT, and RA; Modified Proctor and load capacity (the California Bearing Ratio, or CBR) in all mixtures witho...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017
The use of biomass for power generation is increasingly common. However, one of the most importan... more The use of biomass for power generation is increasingly common. However, one of the most important problems when using biomass is the amount of waste produced in the combustion process such as ash, which must be transported to landfills for deposition. Biomass bottom ash may contain a large amount of organic matter which is the most restrictive property for reusing this by-product. The potential reuse is determined by chemical and physical properties. The presence of light particles and organic matter confer to biomass bottom ash certain physical and chemical characteristics which significantly reduce the possibility of reuse. Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of using biomass bottom ash in cement-treated materials, but its properties imply a decrease of compressive and flexural strength. Therefore, this paper reported the study of the mechanical and durability properties of mortars containing biomass bottom ash applying different processing methods. Cement was replaced with different rates of substitution of biomass bottom ash and several samples were treated applying different techniques, such as grinding, elimination of lightweight particles and combustion. The results showed significant improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of mortars in which some treatment were applied. Lightweight particle extraction and organic matter removal by burning considerably improved the mechanical behaviour of the manufactured
Materials, 2016
This research is focused on analyzing the environmental pollution potential of biomass bottom ash... more This research is focused on analyzing the environmental pollution potential of biomass bottom ashes as individual materials, as mixtures manufactured with biomass bottom ashes and granular construction aggregates, and these mixtures treated with cement. For the environmental assessment of all of the samples and materials mentioned, the following leaching procedures have been performed: the compliance batch test of UNE-EN 12457-3:2003 for aggregates and bottom ashes; the column test according to NEN 7343:1994 for the mixtures prepared in the laboratory; and the tank test by EA NEN 7375:2004 for analyzing the behavior of mixtures after their solidification/stabilization with 5% cement. After the discussion of the data, the reduction of the pollution load of the most hazardous biomass bottom ashes after their combination with different aggregates can be confirmed, which implies their possible application in civil infrastructures, such as filler embankments and road construction layers, without negatively impacting the environment. In addition, the positive effect of the stabilization/solidification of the cement-treated mixtures with a reduction of the heavy metals that were released at the highest levels, namely As, Hg Cr, Ni, Cu, Se and Mo, was proven.
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Thirty samples of BBA from wood and olive trees were analysed. Low density, h... more h i g h l i g h t s Thirty samples of BBA from wood and olive trees were analysed. Low density, high absorption and high organic matter content were observed. Technical feasibility was proved according to the Spanish specification for roads. BBA were classified as subsidiary material feasible as construction material. The use of the ashes as a filler material in road embankments was proved.
ABSTRACT The present work discusses the results of an experimental study investigating the perfor... more ABSTRACT The present work discusses the results of an experimental study investigating the performance of cement-treated granular materials, which were prepared from natural aggregates, recycled concrete aggregates, crushed clay bricks and gypsum. Recycled aggregates can potentially contain large amounts of acid-soluble sulphates. High sulphate contents can lead to the formation of ettringite, which causes dimensional instability in cement-treated materials. The tested samples were manufactured with different types of cement (CEM II and Sulphate-Resistant Portland Cement) and different compositions of the recycled materials to observe the effects of the sulphate content on the mechanical behaviour and the dimensional stability. As a result, the influence of the amount of sulphates on the deformation was determined, which is an aspect that must be considered in applications of this recycled product in road layers.
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
ABSTRACT Biomass is a renewable energy source that is increasingly being used worldwide. However,... more ABSTRACT Biomass is a renewable energy source that is increasingly being used worldwide. However, because of recent increases in production, waste products from biomass combustion are becoming a relevant environmental and economic problem. In the present research, the technical feasibility of bottom ash from various Andalusian power plants is analysed to evaluate their potential use in civil engineering infrastructures. The physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of this by-product is evaluated, and these parameters are compared to the technical specifications for roads imposed by Spanish regulation. It was determined that biomass bottom ash possesses acceptable properties to be used as a filler material in the core of road embankments over 5 m in height without additional precautionary measures, such as the construction of road shoulders.