Manuela Fiuza - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Manuela Fiuza
Journal of Hypertension, Jun 1, 2010
Aims: To compare definitions of metabolic syndrome (MS) with regard to their association with cor... more Aims: To compare definitions of metabolic syndrome (MS) with regard to their association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed in a primary care setting, involving 719 general practitioners pursuant to stratified distribution proportional to the population density. The first 2 adult patients scheduled for an appointment on a given day were invited to participate, irrespective of the reason for the consultation. A questionnaire for social-demographic, clinical and laboratory data was applied. MS diagnosis was defined according to NCEP-ATP III 2001, NCEP-ATP III 2004, IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of CAD and stroke according to sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension (HT), diabetes and MS according to each definition. Results: The study included 16,856 individuals (58.1 ± 15.1 years). The prevalence of MS adjusted to sex, age and size of the regions by NCEP-ATP III 2001, 2004, IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions was 28.4%, 32.8%, 65.5% and 69.4%, respectively. The degrees of agreement according to the k statistics were modest and only 60.3% simultaneously fulfilled the criteria of all definitions. HT was the treatable risk factor most strongly associated to CAD and stroke. Only the IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions of MS were independently associated to CAD (OR: 1.74 and 2.26, respectively). Regarding to stroke, only AHA/NHLBI criteria provided statistically significant association (OR: 1.85). Conclusions: The definition of MS according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria appears to be a better predictor of CAD and stroke in the Portuguese population. MS as defined by AHA/NHLBI criteria remains an independent risk factor for CAD and stroke after adjustment to its individual components. Figure 1. No caption available.
Journal of Electrocardiology, Jul 1, 1989
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia, Dec 1, 2012
PubMed, May 1, 2009
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular dise... more Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and HT management and control is of major importance in preventive strategies. However, patterns of antihypertensive (AHT) treatment have never been evaluated in Portugal. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HT and to characterize its management in a primary care setting, identifying the most frequently used drugs and evaluating regional variations in treatment patterns. Methods: The VALSIM study is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in a primary care setting, involving 719 general practitioners (GPs) and representative of all regions of Portugal. The first two patients aged > or = 18 years consulting their GP on each day were asked to participate, irrespective of the reason for the consultation. After informed consent was obtained, a questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data. Two blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken after a 5-minute rest period in a seated position. HT was defined as BP higher than 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication. Results: A total of 16,856 subjects were evaluated (mean age 58.1 +/- 15.1 years; 61.3% women). The prevalence of HT adjusted for age and gender was 42.62% (males: 43.09%, females: 42.19%). Of the 9,189 hypertensive patients under treatment, the proportion receiving one, two or three or more drug classes was 47.62%, 36.16% and 16.22% respectively. The classes most frequently used in monotherapy were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs, 16.9%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs, 14.41%) and diuretics (5.85%). The most common associations of two classes were ARB-diuretic (11.82%), ACEI-diuretic (11.79%), ACEI-calcium channel blpcker (CCB, 2%), CCB-diuretic (1.81%) and ARB-CCB (1.53%). The most frequently used AHT drugs were diuretics (47.4%), ARBs (43%) and ACEIs (39.2%). CCBs were used in 18.9% and beta-blockers in 16.2% only. Different patterns of treatment were identified according to gender, age and region of residence. Diuretics were used more in the elderly, women, and in the Azores (61.9%) and the Alentejo (58.3%). ARBs were used preferentially in middle-aged patients, men and in the Northern region (48.6%). Conclusions: There is considerable regional variation in treatment patterns. The proportion of hypertensive patients under monotherapy is still very high. Increasing the use of combination antihypertensive therapy would probably improve HT control in the population. Furthermore, increased use of CCBs would probably also be useful, as they are used less than would be expected, compared to other European countries.
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Frontiers in Oncology
The contribution of radiotherapy, per se, to late cardiotoxicity remains controversial. To clarif... more The contribution of radiotherapy, per se, to late cardiotoxicity remains controversial. To clarify its impact on the development of early cardiac dysfunction, we developed an experimental model in which the hearts of rats were exposed, in a fractionated plan, to clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation for oncological patients that undergo thoracic radiotherapy. Rat hearts were exposed to daily doses of 0.04, 0.3, and 1.2 Gy for 23 days, achieving cumulative doses of 0.92, 6.9, and 27.6 Gy, respectively. We demonstrate that myocardial deformation, assessed by global longitudinal strain, was impaired (a relative percentage reduction of >15% from baseline) in a dose-dependent manner at 18 months. Moreover, by scanning electron microscopy, the microvascular density in the cardiac apex was significantly decreased exclusively at 27.6 Gy dosage. Before GLS impairment detection, several tools (qRT-PCR, mass spectrometry, and western blot) were used to assess molecular changes in ...
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 2017
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2017
Circulation Journal, 2016
many pathological cardiovascular conditions including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, left ventric... more many pathological cardiovascular conditions including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and neoangiogenesis. 2-4 Some of these miRNAs are actively secreted by cells and can be detected in all body fluids. 5 The ability of quantifying circulating miRNAs allowed to explore their diagnostic and prognostic value. 6 Because many miRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, initial studies evaluated whether acute MI induces the release of cardiac-enriched miRNAs into the bloodstream. After MI, several studies described an early increase of specific cardiac-enriched yocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in the industrialized world and despite all the improvements achieved in diagnosis and therapeutics, it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification of MI patients has been the subject of intense research. Several biomarkers have been identified and the search for new ones with more accurate profiles is very intense. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. 1 Increasing evidence supports the involvement of miRNAs in M
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 1997
Value in Health, 2014
A339 22700 diabetic patients in Madrid was used to estimate transition probabilities in the model... more A339 22700 diabetic patients in Madrid was used to estimate transition probabilities in the model. Time horizon was 10 years. Prices were taken from the health care tariffs published by the Regional Health Service in Madrid and from Spanish literature. They were updated to 2013 price levels and adjusted to subsequent years by a 3% inflation rate. We used the perspective of the Regional Health Service in Madrid (public payer). Results: The model included an acute event and 3 health states. The increase in total costs in 10 years was € 1,328 per DM patient (133 € per year). In patients with hypertension the costs increased by 1,519€ in 10 years (152 €); whereas the total increase in costs in patients with obesity was 1,535 € (153 €). ConClusions: IS has a relevant impact on the costs of management of DM. Hypertension and obesity increase these costs even further. Prevention of DM complications and an adequate control of risk factors can lead to cost savings for the management of DM. Understanding future costs of DM might be valuable for economic evaluations.
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
To evaluate the ability of bedside emergency Doppler/Echocardiographic (ECOCG/DP) studies in the ... more To evaluate the ability of bedside emergency Doppler/Echocardiographic (ECOCG/DP) studies in the diagnosis of mechanic complications during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Retrospective analysis of 44 fatal AMI cases, studied by ECOCG/DP and with diagnostic confirmation by surgery and/or necropsy. Patients (pts) with AMI admitted to an Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary Hospital (UCIM), Hospital de Santa Maria. 44 fatal AMI cases were analysed (24 men and 20 women; mean age +/- SD: 72 +/- 9 years) and were divided in two groups according to Killip classification in Group 1 (III/IV): 35 pts and Group 2 (I/II): 9 pts. ECOCG/DP was performed in a routine basis at admission, using all standard views and by subcostal view when in an emergency scenario. In 20 pts with bad left ventricular function (LVF) (Group 1) at admission, ECOCG/DP monitoring showed that death was due to worsening of LVF, which was confirmed by necropsy. In the other 15 pts of this group, ECOCG/DP documented the cli...
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 1995
European Journal of Echocardiography, 1999
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 1995
~rns', i~ ~ent~ ~ith ~siti~ or rmga~ve LVEF response to Amm,~n~ (~,md. Metbadr: 20 ~tients (~) wi... more ~rns', i~ ~ent~ ~ith ~siti~ or rmga~ve LVEF response to Amm,~n~ (~,md. Metbadr: 20 ~tients (~) with CAO and previous myocardial infarctions and LVEF < 40 %, were oras~ly enrolled. Planar Thallium 201 e~cersise stress peffosion images (S TI), 4 h(s
Journal of Electrocardiology, 1987
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2012
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia, Dec 1, 2013
Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar a distribuição dos níveis de colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL ... more Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar a distribuição dos níveis de colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL (C-LDL), colesterol HDL (C-HDL) e triglicéridos nos utentes dos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 719 médicos de família, segundo distribuição estratificada e proporcional à densidade populacional de cada região. Os primeiros dois utentes adultos de cada dia de consulta foram convidados a participar independentemente do motivo de consulta. Foi utilizado um inquérito para recolha de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais, incluindo o perfil lipídico avaliado nos 12 meses precedentes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 16.856 indivíduos (61,6% do sexo feminino, 58 ± 15 anos), dispondo-se da determinação de CT, C-LDL, C-HDL e triglicéridos em 95,9% (N = 16.159), 59,1% (N = 9.956), 95,4% (N = 16.074) e 97,9% (N = 16.494), respetivamente. Detetou-se hipercolesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) em 47% e níveis aumentados de C-LDL (≥ 130 mg/dl) em 38,4%. A hipertrigliceridemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) e o C-HDL diminuído (< 40 mg/dl) foram menos prevalentes, afetando 13% da população. A dislipidemia foi mais frequente nos homens entre os 30-60 anos e nas mulheres pós-menopausa. Considerando a população com idade ≥ 40 anos, 54,1% dos indivíduos cumpriam critérios de elegibilidade para terapêutica hipolipidemiante e 44,7% estavam medicados com estatinas (mas apenas 16,0% desses apresentavam CT ≤ 175 mg/dl). Conclusões: A prevalência de dislipidemia é elevada entre os utentes adultos dos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal. Além disso, é particularmente frequente nos homens entre os
Cardiotoxicity of Oncologic Treatments, 2012
Journal of Visualized Experiments
The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies ... more The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies using rodent models are focused on twodimensional imaging to study the cardiac anatomy of the left ventricle and M-mode echo to assess its dimensions. However, this could limit a comprehensive study. Herein, we describe a protocol that allows an assessment of the heart chamber size, left ventricular function (systolic and diastolic) and valvular function. A conventional medical ultrasound machine was used in this protocol and different echo views were obtained through left parasternal, apical and suprasternal windows. In the left parasternal window, the long and short axis were acquired to analyze left chamber dimensions, right ventricle and pulmonary artery dimensions, and mitral, pulmonary and aortic valve function. The apical window allows the measurement of heart chamber dimensions and evaluation of systolic and diastolic parameters. It also allows Doppler assessment with detection and quantification of heart valve disturbances (regurgitation or stenosis). Different segments and walls of the left ventricle are visualized throughout all views. Finally, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta can be imaged through the suprasternal window. A combination of ultrasound imaging, Doppler flow and tissue Doppler assessment have been obtained to study cardiac morphology and function. This represents an important contribution to improve the assessment of cardiac function in adult rats with impact for research using these animal models.
Journal of Hypertension, Jun 1, 2010
Aims: To compare definitions of metabolic syndrome (MS) with regard to their association with cor... more Aims: To compare definitions of metabolic syndrome (MS) with regard to their association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed in a primary care setting, involving 719 general practitioners pursuant to stratified distribution proportional to the population density. The first 2 adult patients scheduled for an appointment on a given day were invited to participate, irrespective of the reason for the consultation. A questionnaire for social-demographic, clinical and laboratory data was applied. MS diagnosis was defined according to NCEP-ATP III 2001, NCEP-ATP III 2004, IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of CAD and stroke according to sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension (HT), diabetes and MS according to each definition. Results: The study included 16,856 individuals (58.1 ± 15.1 years). The prevalence of MS adjusted to sex, age and size of the regions by NCEP-ATP III 2001, 2004, IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions was 28.4%, 32.8%, 65.5% and 69.4%, respectively. The degrees of agreement according to the k statistics were modest and only 60.3% simultaneously fulfilled the criteria of all definitions. HT was the treatable risk factor most strongly associated to CAD and stroke. Only the IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions of MS were independently associated to CAD (OR: 1.74 and 2.26, respectively). Regarding to stroke, only AHA/NHLBI criteria provided statistically significant association (OR: 1.85). Conclusions: The definition of MS according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria appears to be a better predictor of CAD and stroke in the Portuguese population. MS as defined by AHA/NHLBI criteria remains an independent risk factor for CAD and stroke after adjustment to its individual components. Figure 1. No caption available.
Journal of Electrocardiology, Jul 1, 1989
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia, Dec 1, 2012
PubMed, May 1, 2009
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular dise... more Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and HT management and control is of major importance in preventive strategies. However, patterns of antihypertensive (AHT) treatment have never been evaluated in Portugal. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HT and to characterize its management in a primary care setting, identifying the most frequently used drugs and evaluating regional variations in treatment patterns. Methods: The VALSIM study is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in a primary care setting, involving 719 general practitioners (GPs) and representative of all regions of Portugal. The first two patients aged > or = 18 years consulting their GP on each day were asked to participate, irrespective of the reason for the consultation. After informed consent was obtained, a questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data. Two blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken after a 5-minute rest period in a seated position. HT was defined as BP higher than 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication. Results: A total of 16,856 subjects were evaluated (mean age 58.1 +/- 15.1 years; 61.3% women). The prevalence of HT adjusted for age and gender was 42.62% (males: 43.09%, females: 42.19%). Of the 9,189 hypertensive patients under treatment, the proportion receiving one, two or three or more drug classes was 47.62%, 36.16% and 16.22% respectively. The classes most frequently used in monotherapy were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs, 16.9%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs, 14.41%) and diuretics (5.85%). The most common associations of two classes were ARB-diuretic (11.82%), ACEI-diuretic (11.79%), ACEI-calcium channel blpcker (CCB, 2%), CCB-diuretic (1.81%) and ARB-CCB (1.53%). The most frequently used AHT drugs were diuretics (47.4%), ARBs (43%) and ACEIs (39.2%). CCBs were used in 18.9% and beta-blockers in 16.2% only. Different patterns of treatment were identified according to gender, age and region of residence. Diuretics were used more in the elderly, women, and in the Azores (61.9%) and the Alentejo (58.3%). ARBs were used preferentially in middle-aged patients, men and in the Northern region (48.6%). Conclusions: There is considerable regional variation in treatment patterns. The proportion of hypertensive patients under monotherapy is still very high. Increasing the use of combination antihypertensive therapy would probably improve HT control in the population. Furthermore, increased use of CCBs would probably also be useful, as they are used less than would be expected, compared to other European countries.
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Frontiers in Oncology
The contribution of radiotherapy, per se, to late cardiotoxicity remains controversial. To clarif... more The contribution of radiotherapy, per se, to late cardiotoxicity remains controversial. To clarify its impact on the development of early cardiac dysfunction, we developed an experimental model in which the hearts of rats were exposed, in a fractionated plan, to clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation for oncological patients that undergo thoracic radiotherapy. Rat hearts were exposed to daily doses of 0.04, 0.3, and 1.2 Gy for 23 days, achieving cumulative doses of 0.92, 6.9, and 27.6 Gy, respectively. We demonstrate that myocardial deformation, assessed by global longitudinal strain, was impaired (a relative percentage reduction of >15% from baseline) in a dose-dependent manner at 18 months. Moreover, by scanning electron microscopy, the microvascular density in the cardiac apex was significantly decreased exclusively at 27.6 Gy dosage. Before GLS impairment detection, several tools (qRT-PCR, mass spectrometry, and western blot) were used to assess molecular changes in ...
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 2017
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2017
Circulation Journal, 2016
many pathological cardiovascular conditions including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, left ventric... more many pathological cardiovascular conditions including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and neoangiogenesis. 2-4 Some of these miRNAs are actively secreted by cells and can be detected in all body fluids. 5 The ability of quantifying circulating miRNAs allowed to explore their diagnostic and prognostic value. 6 Because many miRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, initial studies evaluated whether acute MI induces the release of cardiac-enriched miRNAs into the bloodstream. After MI, several studies described an early increase of specific cardiac-enriched yocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in the industrialized world and despite all the improvements achieved in diagnosis and therapeutics, it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification of MI patients has been the subject of intense research. Several biomarkers have been identified and the search for new ones with more accurate profiles is very intense. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. 1 Increasing evidence supports the involvement of miRNAs in M
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 1997
Value in Health, 2014
A339 22700 diabetic patients in Madrid was used to estimate transition probabilities in the model... more A339 22700 diabetic patients in Madrid was used to estimate transition probabilities in the model. Time horizon was 10 years. Prices were taken from the health care tariffs published by the Regional Health Service in Madrid and from Spanish literature. They were updated to 2013 price levels and adjusted to subsequent years by a 3% inflation rate. We used the perspective of the Regional Health Service in Madrid (public payer). Results: The model included an acute event and 3 health states. The increase in total costs in 10 years was € 1,328 per DM patient (133 € per year). In patients with hypertension the costs increased by 1,519€ in 10 years (152 €); whereas the total increase in costs in patients with obesity was 1,535 € (153 €). ConClusions: IS has a relevant impact on the costs of management of DM. Hypertension and obesity increase these costs even further. Prevention of DM complications and an adequate control of risk factors can lead to cost savings for the management of DM. Understanding future costs of DM might be valuable for economic evaluations.
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
To evaluate the ability of bedside emergency Doppler/Echocardiographic (ECOCG/DP) studies in the ... more To evaluate the ability of bedside emergency Doppler/Echocardiographic (ECOCG/DP) studies in the diagnosis of mechanic complications during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Retrospective analysis of 44 fatal AMI cases, studied by ECOCG/DP and with diagnostic confirmation by surgery and/or necropsy. Patients (pts) with AMI admitted to an Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary Hospital (UCIM), Hospital de Santa Maria. 44 fatal AMI cases were analysed (24 men and 20 women; mean age +/- SD: 72 +/- 9 years) and were divided in two groups according to Killip classification in Group 1 (III/IV): 35 pts and Group 2 (I/II): 9 pts. ECOCG/DP was performed in a routine basis at admission, using all standard views and by subcostal view when in an emergency scenario. In 20 pts with bad left ventricular function (LVF) (Group 1) at admission, ECOCG/DP monitoring showed that death was due to worsening of LVF, which was confirmed by necropsy. In the other 15 pts of this group, ECOCG/DP documented the cli...
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgão oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 1995
European Journal of Echocardiography, 1999
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 1995
~rns', i~ ~ent~ ~ith ~siti~ or rmga~ve LVEF response to Amm,~n~ (~,md. Metbadr: 20 ~tients (~) wi... more ~rns', i~ ~ent~ ~ith ~siti~ or rmga~ve LVEF response to Amm,~n~ (~,md. Metbadr: 20 ~tients (~) with CAO and previous myocardial infarctions and LVEF < 40 %, were oras~ly enrolled. Planar Thallium 201 e~cersise stress peffosion images (S TI), 4 h(s
Journal of Electrocardiology, 1987
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2012
Revista portuguesa de cardiologia, Dec 1, 2013
Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar a distribuição dos níveis de colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL ... more Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar a distribuição dos níveis de colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL (C-LDL), colesterol HDL (C-HDL) e triglicéridos nos utentes dos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 719 médicos de família, segundo distribuição estratificada e proporcional à densidade populacional de cada região. Os primeiros dois utentes adultos de cada dia de consulta foram convidados a participar independentemente do motivo de consulta. Foi utilizado um inquérito para recolha de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais, incluindo o perfil lipídico avaliado nos 12 meses precedentes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 16.856 indivíduos (61,6% do sexo feminino, 58 ± 15 anos), dispondo-se da determinação de CT, C-LDL, C-HDL e triglicéridos em 95,9% (N = 16.159), 59,1% (N = 9.956), 95,4% (N = 16.074) e 97,9% (N = 16.494), respetivamente. Detetou-se hipercolesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) em 47% e níveis aumentados de C-LDL (≥ 130 mg/dl) em 38,4%. A hipertrigliceridemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) e o C-HDL diminuído (< 40 mg/dl) foram menos prevalentes, afetando 13% da população. A dislipidemia foi mais frequente nos homens entre os 30-60 anos e nas mulheres pós-menopausa. Considerando a população com idade ≥ 40 anos, 54,1% dos indivíduos cumpriam critérios de elegibilidade para terapêutica hipolipidemiante e 44,7% estavam medicados com estatinas (mas apenas 16,0% desses apresentavam CT ≤ 175 mg/dl). Conclusões: A prevalência de dislipidemia é elevada entre os utentes adultos dos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal. Além disso, é particularmente frequente nos homens entre os
Cardiotoxicity of Oncologic Treatments, 2012
Journal of Visualized Experiments
The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies ... more The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies using rodent models are focused on twodimensional imaging to study the cardiac anatomy of the left ventricle and M-mode echo to assess its dimensions. However, this could limit a comprehensive study. Herein, we describe a protocol that allows an assessment of the heart chamber size, left ventricular function (systolic and diastolic) and valvular function. A conventional medical ultrasound machine was used in this protocol and different echo views were obtained through left parasternal, apical and suprasternal windows. In the left parasternal window, the long and short axis were acquired to analyze left chamber dimensions, right ventricle and pulmonary artery dimensions, and mitral, pulmonary and aortic valve function. The apical window allows the measurement of heart chamber dimensions and evaluation of systolic and diastolic parameters. It also allows Doppler assessment with detection and quantification of heart valve disturbances (regurgitation or stenosis). Different segments and walls of the left ventricle are visualized throughout all views. Finally, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta can be imaged through the suprasternal window. A combination of ultrasound imaging, Doppler flow and tissue Doppler assessment have been obtained to study cardiac morphology and function. This represents an important contribution to improve the assessment of cardiac function in adult rats with impact for research using these animal models.