Marc Coosemans - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marc Coosemans
Example of Levey Jenning Charts plotted for the quality control of the immunoassay used for scree... more Example of Levey Jenning Charts plotted for the quality control of the immunoassay used for screening the field bloodspot samples. Data analysis started with a quality control on the I MFI-values of the 100 % positive control pool samples (A). The dots represent each positive control sera sample in duplicate per plate. If these dots fell out of the -2SD and +2SD (red area), these plates were rejected and re-analysed. The same quality control was also performed on the PP calculated from the 50 % positive control pool samples per Ag (B). Based on the outcome of both graphs, plates were accepted or rejected and reanalysed.
PLOS ONE, Mar 24, 2017
<p>ARs notified by phone and their classification according to the terminology of the study... more <p>ARs notified by phone and their classification according to the terminology of the study protocol for reporting, management and treatment of AEs (N = 22).</p
... However, we recognise the need to extend the study using other molecular loci to further eval... more ... However, we recognise the need to extend the study using other molecular loci to further evaluate the taxonomic status of the ... minimus sl mosquitoes originating from Rattanakiry Province, Cambodia, showed a restriction pattern that was clearly different from known diagnostic ...
Malaria Journal, Mar 6, 2017
Background: Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target o... more Background: Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target of the Millennium Development Goal 6. The Cambodian Government aims to eliminate all forms of malaria by 2025. The country's malaria incidence is highly variable at provincial level, but less is known at village level. This study used passive case detection (PCD) data at village level in Ratanakiri Province from 2010 to 2014 to describe incidence trends and identify high-risk areas of malaria to be primarily targeted towards malaria elimination. Methods: In 2010, the Cambodian malaria programme created a Malaria Information System (MIS) to capture malaria information at village level through PCD by village malaria workers and health facilities. The MIS data of Ratanakiri Province 2010-2014 were used to calculate annual incidence rates by Plasmodium species at province and commune levels. For estimating the trend at provincial level only villages reporting each year were selected. The communal incidences and the number of cases per village were visualized on a map per Plasmodium species and per year. Analysis of spatial clustering of village malaria cases by Plasmodium species was performed by year. Results: Overall, malaria annual incidence rates per 1000 inhabitants decreased from 86 (2010) to 30 (2014). Falciparum incidence decreased (by 79% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 76-82%) more rapidly than vivax incidence (by 19% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 5-32%). There were ten to 16 significant spatial clusters each year. Big clusters tended to extend along the Cambodian-Vietnamese border and along the Sesan River. Three clusters appeared throughout all years (2010-2014): one with 21 villages appeared each year, the second shrunk progressively from 2012 to 2014 and the third was split into two smaller clusters in 2013 and 2014. Conclusion: The decline of malaria burden can be attributed to intensive malaria control activities implemented in the areas: distribution of a long-lasting insecticidal net per person and early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Dihydro-artemisinin piperaquine was the only first-line treatment for all malaria cases. No radical treatment with primaquine was provided for Plasmodium vivax cases, which could explain the slow decrease of P. vivax due to relapses. To achieve malaria elimination by 2025, priority should be given to the control of stable malaria clusters appearing over time.
Bulletin of Entomological Research, Jul 1, 2005
Fact Sheet compiled by: Carlos R. Sanchez Sheet completed on: 1 December 2010; updated 1 August 2... more Fact Sheet compiled by: Carlos R. Sanchez Sheet completed on: 1 December 2010; updated 1 August 2013 Fact Sheet Reviewed by: Margarita Woc-Colburn; Roberto F. Aguilar Susceptible animal groups: Mammals with most cases occurring in cattle, goats, sheep and wildlife; however, dogs, and cats may be affected. Birds are rarely affected. Causative organism: Cochliomyia hominivorax Zoonotic potential Yes, with the young, elderly or infirm higher risk of infection. Distribution: Current distribution includes: Caribbean islands (eradicated in Curacao, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico) and northern countries of South America to Uruguay, northern Chile and northern Argentina. Panama was recognized free of NWS in 2006 and a permanent barrier zone was established in the Darien province of Eastern Panama. Incubation period: After 12-24 hrs, eggs are deposited in wounds or mucous membranes have larvae emerge which burrow into the wound. After 7 days, the larvae exit from the wound and fall to the ground. Pupal period ranges from 7d-2mo (depending on temperatures). Complete cycle takes between 3 weeks and 3 months. Clinical signs: Animals with screwworm infestation often display discomfort and appear unthrifty and depressed. Other non-specific clinical signs include: separation from group, anorexia, and reduced milk production in dairy cattle. Typically, an open wound is present with malodorous reddish/brown fluid that has either eggs or larvae. Egg masses are found around the wound as “shingle-like” raft of whitish or creamcolored egg. The larvae can be visible or deep inside the wound; closed wounds may have slight movement inside. Larvae can also be observed on intact mucous membranes of body orifices (nose, anus, vaginal area). The wound can enlarge due to multiple infestations and if not treated animal could die within 2 weeks. Post mortem, gross, or histologic findings: Screwworms do not feed on dead tissue or carrion so larvae are unlikely to be found on post-mortem examination unless the animal died recently. Larvae of different ages are normally found on wounds or natural opening mucous membranes. Other fly larvae may be present in lesion making gross diagnostic difficult. Microscopic lesions are not useful for the diagnosis of screwworm. Diagnosis: Screwworm is a reportable disease in US. Before collecting or sending any samples from animals with suspected screwworm, federal and state authorities should be contacted. Identification of the eggs and flies are best to left to an entomologist. However, specifically for larvae, they should be removed from the deepest part of the wound and examined grossly by dissecting microscope. Larvae grow from 2mm to fully grown larvae that can reach 1.5cm in length. Larvae are identified by their “wood screw” shape. Screwworm larvae Animal Group(s) Affected Transmission Clinical Signs Severity Treatment Prevention and Control Zoonotic
... Title: [Study result of the INCO-DC project "Identification and characterization of the ... more ... Title: [Study result of the INCO-DC project "Identification and characterization of the malaria vectors in the south-east Asia: a prerequisite for appropriate vector control"] [in Vietnamese]. Book title: Công trình nghiên cúu khoa hoc 1996-2000. Place: Hanoi. ...
Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 2010
Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 2010
Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti ... more Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand ßies, is regarded as a major problem of public health importance in the Indian subcontinent. Understanding the feeding behavior of the vector can be used to investigate changes in human-vector contact during intervention programs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was modiÞed to make it suitable to identify the origin of P. argentipes and Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae) blood meals. The sensitivity and speciÞcity of the precipitin ring test and ELISA were compared, as well as the stability of the tests across different stages of blood meal digestion. The ELISA was more sensitive and speciÞc than the precipitin test for identifying the sources of blood meals. When using the ELISA method with a plate reader, it was possible to obtain 100% sensitivity and speciÞcity. When comparing the techniques across digestion stages, it was found that there was a drop in sensitivity, 48 and 72 h postblood meal for precipitin and visually read ELISA, respectively. However, the sensitivity of the ELISA using a plate reader was not altered by the digestion time. The feeding habits of P. argentipes and P. papatasi from the Terai region of Nepal, determined by the ELISA developed, showed P. papatasi to be highly anthropophilic, and P. argentipes appeared to feed both on humans and animals, in particular bovines.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Oct 26, 2010
Objectives: To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the... more Objectives: To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Leishmania donovani, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in two countries (India and Nepal) with different histories of insecticide exposure. Methods: Standard WHO testing procedures were applied using 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin impregnated papers. The effect of the physiological status (fed and unfed) of females on the outcome of the bioassays was assessed and the optimal time of exposure for deltamethrin was evaluated on a colony population. Field populations from both countries were tested. Results: Fed and unfed females responded in a similar way. For exposure time on field samples 60 min was adopted for both DDT and deltamethrin. In Bihar, knockdown and mortality with DDT was respectively 20 and 43%. In Nepal almost all sand flies were killed, except at the border with Bihar (mortality 62%). With 0.05% deltamethrin, between 96 and 100% of the sand flies were killed in both regions. Conclusions: Based on literature and present data 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin seem to be acceptable discriminating concentrations to separate resistant from susceptible populations. Resistance to DDT was confirmed in Bihar and in a border village of Nepal, but the sand flies were still susceptible in villages more inside Nepal where only synthetic pyrethroids are used for indoor spraying. The low effectiveness of indoor spraying with DDT in Bihar to control VL can be partially explained by this resistance hence other classes of insecticides should be tested. In both countries P. argentipes sand flies were susceptible to deltamethrin.
La lutte effective contre les vecteurs du paludisme doit etre basee sur l'identification prec... more La lutte effective contre les vecteurs du paludisme doit etre basee sur l'identification precise des especes, en particulier au sein de complexes dont les membres ne peuvent se differencier morphologiquement. Deux methodes moleculaires, de type PCR, ont ete developpees pour identifier d'une part, les deux especes du complexe Anopheles minimus et 5 especes du groupe Minimus et d'autre part, quatre especes du complexe Anopheles dirus. L'association de couple d'oligonucleotides sous la forme de PCR multiplexe a permis le developpement de deux PCR simples, robustes et adaptees a chacun des deux complexes d'especes qui comprennent les vecteurs majeurs du paludisme en Asie du Sud-Est. Ces methodes d'identification, elaborees pour repondre aux attentes des entomologistes de terrain a la recherche de technique fiable et peu onereuse, faciliteront l'estimation de la distribution geographique de chaque vecteur afin de mieux cibler les operations de lutte antive...
Example of Levey Jenning Charts plotted for the quality control of the immunoassay used for scree... more Example of Levey Jenning Charts plotted for the quality control of the immunoassay used for screening the field bloodspot samples. Data analysis started with a quality control on the I MFI-values of the 100 % positive control pool samples (A). The dots represent each positive control sera sample in duplicate per plate. If these dots fell out of the -2SD and +2SD (red area), these plates were rejected and re-analysed. The same quality control was also performed on the PP calculated from the 50 % positive control pool samples per Ag (B). Based on the outcome of both graphs, plates were accepted or rejected and reanalysed.
PLOS ONE, Mar 24, 2017
<p>ARs notified by phone and their classification according to the terminology of the study... more <p>ARs notified by phone and their classification according to the terminology of the study protocol for reporting, management and treatment of AEs (N = 22).</p
... However, we recognise the need to extend the study using other molecular loci to further eval... more ... However, we recognise the need to extend the study using other molecular loci to further evaluate the taxonomic status of the ... minimus sl mosquitoes originating from Rattanakiry Province, Cambodia, showed a restriction pattern that was clearly different from known diagnostic ...
Malaria Journal, Mar 6, 2017
Background: Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target o... more Background: Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target of the Millennium Development Goal 6. The Cambodian Government aims to eliminate all forms of malaria by 2025. The country's malaria incidence is highly variable at provincial level, but less is known at village level. This study used passive case detection (PCD) data at village level in Ratanakiri Province from 2010 to 2014 to describe incidence trends and identify high-risk areas of malaria to be primarily targeted towards malaria elimination. Methods: In 2010, the Cambodian malaria programme created a Malaria Information System (MIS) to capture malaria information at village level through PCD by village malaria workers and health facilities. The MIS data of Ratanakiri Province 2010-2014 were used to calculate annual incidence rates by Plasmodium species at province and commune levels. For estimating the trend at provincial level only villages reporting each year were selected. The communal incidences and the number of cases per village were visualized on a map per Plasmodium species and per year. Analysis of spatial clustering of village malaria cases by Plasmodium species was performed by year. Results: Overall, malaria annual incidence rates per 1000 inhabitants decreased from 86 (2010) to 30 (2014). Falciparum incidence decreased (by 79% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 76-82%) more rapidly than vivax incidence (by 19% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 5-32%). There were ten to 16 significant spatial clusters each year. Big clusters tended to extend along the Cambodian-Vietnamese border and along the Sesan River. Three clusters appeared throughout all years (2010-2014): one with 21 villages appeared each year, the second shrunk progressively from 2012 to 2014 and the third was split into two smaller clusters in 2013 and 2014. Conclusion: The decline of malaria burden can be attributed to intensive malaria control activities implemented in the areas: distribution of a long-lasting insecticidal net per person and early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Dihydro-artemisinin piperaquine was the only first-line treatment for all malaria cases. No radical treatment with primaquine was provided for Plasmodium vivax cases, which could explain the slow decrease of P. vivax due to relapses. To achieve malaria elimination by 2025, priority should be given to the control of stable malaria clusters appearing over time.
Bulletin of Entomological Research, Jul 1, 2005
Fact Sheet compiled by: Carlos R. Sanchez Sheet completed on: 1 December 2010; updated 1 August 2... more Fact Sheet compiled by: Carlos R. Sanchez Sheet completed on: 1 December 2010; updated 1 August 2013 Fact Sheet Reviewed by: Margarita Woc-Colburn; Roberto F. Aguilar Susceptible animal groups: Mammals with most cases occurring in cattle, goats, sheep and wildlife; however, dogs, and cats may be affected. Birds are rarely affected. Causative organism: Cochliomyia hominivorax Zoonotic potential Yes, with the young, elderly or infirm higher risk of infection. Distribution: Current distribution includes: Caribbean islands (eradicated in Curacao, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico) and northern countries of South America to Uruguay, northern Chile and northern Argentina. Panama was recognized free of NWS in 2006 and a permanent barrier zone was established in the Darien province of Eastern Panama. Incubation period: After 12-24 hrs, eggs are deposited in wounds or mucous membranes have larvae emerge which burrow into the wound. After 7 days, the larvae exit from the wound and fall to the ground. Pupal period ranges from 7d-2mo (depending on temperatures). Complete cycle takes between 3 weeks and 3 months. Clinical signs: Animals with screwworm infestation often display discomfort and appear unthrifty and depressed. Other non-specific clinical signs include: separation from group, anorexia, and reduced milk production in dairy cattle. Typically, an open wound is present with malodorous reddish/brown fluid that has either eggs or larvae. Egg masses are found around the wound as “shingle-like” raft of whitish or creamcolored egg. The larvae can be visible or deep inside the wound; closed wounds may have slight movement inside. Larvae can also be observed on intact mucous membranes of body orifices (nose, anus, vaginal area). The wound can enlarge due to multiple infestations and if not treated animal could die within 2 weeks. Post mortem, gross, or histologic findings: Screwworms do not feed on dead tissue or carrion so larvae are unlikely to be found on post-mortem examination unless the animal died recently. Larvae of different ages are normally found on wounds or natural opening mucous membranes. Other fly larvae may be present in lesion making gross diagnostic difficult. Microscopic lesions are not useful for the diagnosis of screwworm. Diagnosis: Screwworm is a reportable disease in US. Before collecting or sending any samples from animals with suspected screwworm, federal and state authorities should be contacted. Identification of the eggs and flies are best to left to an entomologist. However, specifically for larvae, they should be removed from the deepest part of the wound and examined grossly by dissecting microscope. Larvae grow from 2mm to fully grown larvae that can reach 1.5cm in length. Larvae are identified by their “wood screw” shape. Screwworm larvae Animal Group(s) Affected Transmission Clinical Signs Severity Treatment Prevention and Control Zoonotic
... Title: [Study result of the INCO-DC project "Identification and characterization of the ... more ... Title: [Study result of the INCO-DC project "Identification and characterization of the malaria vectors in the south-east Asia: a prerequisite for appropriate vector control"] [in Vietnamese]. Book title: Công trình nghiên cúu khoa hoc 1996-2000. Place: Hanoi. ...
Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 2010
Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 2010
Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti ... more Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand ßies, is regarded as a major problem of public health importance in the Indian subcontinent. Understanding the feeding behavior of the vector can be used to investigate changes in human-vector contact during intervention programs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was modiÞed to make it suitable to identify the origin of P. argentipes and Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae) blood meals. The sensitivity and speciÞcity of the precipitin ring test and ELISA were compared, as well as the stability of the tests across different stages of blood meal digestion. The ELISA was more sensitive and speciÞc than the precipitin test for identifying the sources of blood meals. When using the ELISA method with a plate reader, it was possible to obtain 100% sensitivity and speciÞcity. When comparing the techniques across digestion stages, it was found that there was a drop in sensitivity, 48 and 72 h postblood meal for precipitin and visually read ELISA, respectively. However, the sensitivity of the ELISA using a plate reader was not altered by the digestion time. The feeding habits of P. argentipes and P. papatasi from the Terai region of Nepal, determined by the ELISA developed, showed P. papatasi to be highly anthropophilic, and P. argentipes appeared to feed both on humans and animals, in particular bovines.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Oct 26, 2010
Objectives: To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the... more Objectives: To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Leishmania donovani, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in two countries (India and Nepal) with different histories of insecticide exposure. Methods: Standard WHO testing procedures were applied using 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin impregnated papers. The effect of the physiological status (fed and unfed) of females on the outcome of the bioassays was assessed and the optimal time of exposure for deltamethrin was evaluated on a colony population. Field populations from both countries were tested. Results: Fed and unfed females responded in a similar way. For exposure time on field samples 60 min was adopted for both DDT and deltamethrin. In Bihar, knockdown and mortality with DDT was respectively 20 and 43%. In Nepal almost all sand flies were killed, except at the border with Bihar (mortality 62%). With 0.05% deltamethrin, between 96 and 100% of the sand flies were killed in both regions. Conclusions: Based on literature and present data 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin seem to be acceptable discriminating concentrations to separate resistant from susceptible populations. Resistance to DDT was confirmed in Bihar and in a border village of Nepal, but the sand flies were still susceptible in villages more inside Nepal where only synthetic pyrethroids are used for indoor spraying. The low effectiveness of indoor spraying with DDT in Bihar to control VL can be partially explained by this resistance hence other classes of insecticides should be tested. In both countries P. argentipes sand flies were susceptible to deltamethrin.
La lutte effective contre les vecteurs du paludisme doit etre basee sur l'identification prec... more La lutte effective contre les vecteurs du paludisme doit etre basee sur l'identification precise des especes, en particulier au sein de complexes dont les membres ne peuvent se differencier morphologiquement. Deux methodes moleculaires, de type PCR, ont ete developpees pour identifier d'une part, les deux especes du complexe Anopheles minimus et 5 especes du groupe Minimus et d'autre part, quatre especes du complexe Anopheles dirus. L'association de couple d'oligonucleotides sous la forme de PCR multiplexe a permis le developpement de deux PCR simples, robustes et adaptees a chacun des deux complexes d'especes qui comprennent les vecteurs majeurs du paludisme en Asie du Sud-Est. Ces methodes d'identification, elaborees pour repondre aux attentes des entomologistes de terrain a la recherche de technique fiable et peu onereuse, faciliteront l'estimation de la distribution geographique de chaque vecteur afin de mieux cibler les operations de lutte antive...