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The macroeconomic outlook is slightly clearer than it was at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic b... more The macroeconomic outlook is slightly clearer than it was at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic both in real and financial terms. But uncertainty remains, and several of the sources of that uncertainty are still present.
Recent data suggest that the technical staff’s appraisals of the condition and development of eco... more Recent data suggest that the technical staff’s appraisals of the condition and development of economic activity, inflation and the labor market have been in line with current trends, marked by a decline in demand and the persistence of ample excess productive capacity. A significant projected fall in output materialized in the second quarter, contributing to a decline in inflation below the 3% target and reflected in a significant deterioration of the labor market. A slow recovery in output and employment is expected to continue for the remainder of 2020 and into next year, alongside growing inflation that should remain below the target. The Colombian economy is likely to undergo a significant recession in 2020 (GDP contraction of 7.6%), though this may be less severe than projected in the previous report (-8.5%). Output is expected to have begun a slow recovery in the second half of this year, though it is not projected to return to pre-pandemic levels in 2021 amid significant glob...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinacion con la politica economica general”. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la Republica (JDBR) adopto como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflacion objetivo, en el cual las acciones de politica monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflacion a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel maximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiado entre el logro de la meta de inflacion y el proposito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda de crecimiento sostenible. La JDBR establecio una meta de inflacion del 3%, planteada sobre la variacion anual del indice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflacion puede ser afectada por factores que estan fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios ...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinacion con la politica economica general”[1]. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la Republica (JDBR) adopto como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflacion objetivo, en el cual las acciones de politica monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflacion a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel maximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiado entre el logro de la meta de inflacion y el proposito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda sostenible. La JDBR establecio una meta de inflacion del 3%, planteada sobre la variacion anual del indice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflacion puede ser afectada por factores que estan fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios de los alime...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la República debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la República debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinación con la política económica general”. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) adoptó como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflación objetivo, en el cual las acciones de política monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflación a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel máximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiadoentre el logro de la meta de inflación y el propósito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda sostenible. La JDBR estableció una meta de inflación del 3 %, planteada sobre la variación anual del índice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflación puede ser afectada por factores que están fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios de los alimento...
1.1 Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, ... more 1.1 Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, pri¬marily related to costs and supply. The majority of these shocks were unantic¬ipated or proved more persistent than expected, interrupting the recovery in economic activity observed at the beginning of the year and pushing overall inflation above the target. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) increased but remained low, in line with the technical staff’s expectations. A third wave of the pandemic, which became more severe and prolonged than the previous outbreak, began in early April. This had both a high cost in terms of human life and a negative impact on Colombia's economic recovery. Between May and mid-June roadblocks and other disruptions to public order had a sig¬nificant negative effect on economic activity and inflation. The combination and magnitude of these two shocks likely led to a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the first quarter....
1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principal... more 1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principalmente de oferta y de costos, la mayoría de los cuales no fueron anticipados, o los previstos fueron más persistentes de lo esperado, y que en conjunto interrumpieron la recuperación de la actividad económica observada a comienzos de año y llevaron la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta. La inflación básica (sin alimentos ni regulados: SAR) aumentó, pero se mantuvo baja y acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico. A comienzos de abril se inició una tercera ola de pandemia, más acentuada y prolongada que la anterior, con un elevado costo en vidas humanas y algún impacto negativo en la recuperación económica. Entre mayo y mediados de junio los bloqueos de las carreteras y los problemas de orden público tuvieron un fuerte efecto negativo sobre la actividad económica y la inflación. Se estima que la magnitud de estos dos choques combinados habría generado una caída en niveles en...
Macroeconomic Summary Overall inflation (1.61%) and core inflation (excluding food and regulated ... more Macroeconomic Summary Overall inflation (1.61%) and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) (1.11%) both declined beyond the technical staff’s expectations in the fourth quarter of 2020. Year-end 2021 forecasts for both indicators were revised downward to 2.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Market inflation expectations also fell over this period and suggested inflation below the 3% target through the end of this year, rising to the target in 2022. Downward pressure on inflation was more significant in the fourth quarter than previously projected, indicating weak demand. Annual deceleration among the main groups of the consumer price index (CPI) was generalized and, except for foods, was greater than projected in the October report. The CPI for goods (excluding foods and regulated items) and the CPI for regulated items were subject to the largest decelerations and forecasting discrepancies. In the first case, this was due in part to a greater-than-expected effect on prices from...
Infl ation targeting and the economy The Bank's mandate is to conduct monetary policy to promot... more Infl ation targeting and the economy The Bank's mandate is to conduct monetary policy to promote the economic and nancial well-being of Canadians. Canada's experience with in ation targeting since 1991 has shown that the best way to foster con dence in the value of money and to contribute to sustained economic growth, employment gains and improved living standards is by keeping in ation low, stable and predictable. In 2016, the Government and the Bank of Canada renewed Canada's in ation-control target for a further ve-year period, ending December 31, 2021. The target, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI), remains at the 2 percent midpoint of the control range of 1 to 3 percent. 1 See Joint Statement of the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada on the Renewal of the In ation-Control Target (October 24, 2016) and Renewal of the In ation-Control Target: Background Information-October 2016, which are both available on the Bank's website. 2 When interest rates are at very low levels, the Bank has at its disposal a suite of extraordinary policy measures that could be used to provide additional monetary stimulus and/or improve credit market conditions. The Framework for Conducting Monetary Policy at Low Interest Rates, available on the Bank's website, describes these measures and the principles guiding their use. The Monetary Policy Report is available on the Bank of Canada's website at bankofcanada.ca.
This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balanc... more This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balance, the labor market, and economic growth. For this purpose, we built a dynamic general equilibrium model with a search and matching structure in the labor market. The higher fiscal spending to address immigration negatively impacts the government's budget in the short term, which is offset by higher output, consumption, and employment level, increasing the government's revenues mainly through indirect tax collection. The effect on the labor market is different for unskilled workers--whose higher supply generates a negative effect on wages and an increase in the unemployment rate--and skilled workers, who benefit from higher wages and lower unemployment. These changes in the labor market affect the government's revenue, resulting, in the long term, in positive fiscal dividends of migration.
The macroeconomic outlook is slightly clearer than it was at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic b... more The macroeconomic outlook is slightly clearer than it was at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic both in real and financial terms. But uncertainty remains, and several of the sources of that uncertainty are still present.
Recent data suggest that the technical staff’s appraisals of the condition and development of eco... more Recent data suggest that the technical staff’s appraisals of the condition and development of economic activity, inflation and the labor market have been in line with current trends, marked by a decline in demand and the persistence of ample excess productive capacity. A significant projected fall in output materialized in the second quarter, contributing to a decline in inflation below the 3% target and reflected in a significant deterioration of the labor market. A slow recovery in output and employment is expected to continue for the remainder of 2020 and into next year, alongside growing inflation that should remain below the target. The Colombian economy is likely to undergo a significant recession in 2020 (GDP contraction of 7.6%), though this may be less severe than projected in the previous report (-8.5%). Output is expected to have begun a slow recovery in the second half of this year, though it is not projected to return to pre-pandemic levels in 2021 amid significant glob...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinacion con la politica economica general”. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la Republica (JDBR) adopto como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflacion objetivo, en el cual las acciones de politica monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflacion a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel maximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiado entre el logro de la meta de inflacion y el proposito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda de crecimiento sostenible. La JDBR establecio una meta de inflacion del 3%, planteada sobre la variacion anual del indice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflacion puede ser afectada por factores que estan fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios ...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la Republica debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinacion con la politica economica general”[1]. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la Republica (JDBR) adopto como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflacion objetivo, en el cual las acciones de politica monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflacion a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel maximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiado entre el logro de la meta de inflacion y el proposito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda sostenible. La JDBR establecio una meta de inflacion del 3%, planteada sobre la variacion anual del indice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflacion puede ser afectada por factores que estan fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios de los alime...
De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la República debe “velar por mantener el po... more De acuerdo con el mandato constitucional, el Banco de la República debe “velar por mantener el poder adquisitivo de la moneda, en coordinación con la política económica general”. Para cumplir con este mandato, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) adoptó como estrategia un esquema flexible de inflación objetivo, en el cual las acciones de política monetaria (PM) buscan conducir la inflación a una meta puntual y alcanzar el nivel máximo sostenible del producto y del empleo. La flexibilidad del esquema le permite a la JDBR mantener un balance apropiadoentre el logro de la meta de inflación y el propósito de suavizar las fluctuaciones del producto y el empleo alrededor de su senda sostenible. La JDBR estableció una meta de inflación del 3 %, planteada sobre la variación anual del índice de precios al consumidor (IPC). En el corto plazo la inflación puede ser afectada por factores que están fuera del control de la PM, como por ejemplo cambios en los precios de los alimento...
1.1 Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, ... more 1.1 Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, pri¬marily related to costs and supply. The majority of these shocks were unantic¬ipated or proved more persistent than expected, interrupting the recovery in economic activity observed at the beginning of the year and pushing overall inflation above the target. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) increased but remained low, in line with the technical staff’s expectations. A third wave of the pandemic, which became more severe and prolonged than the previous outbreak, began in early April. This had both a high cost in terms of human life and a negative impact on Colombia's economic recovery. Between May and mid-June roadblocks and other disruptions to public order had a sig¬nificant negative effect on economic activity and inflation. The combination and magnitude of these two shocks likely led to a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the first quarter....
1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principal... more 1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principalmente de oferta y de costos, la mayoría de los cuales no fueron anticipados, o los previstos fueron más persistentes de lo esperado, y que en conjunto interrumpieron la recuperación de la actividad económica observada a comienzos de año y llevaron la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta. La inflación básica (sin alimentos ni regulados: SAR) aumentó, pero se mantuvo baja y acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico. A comienzos de abril se inició una tercera ola de pandemia, más acentuada y prolongada que la anterior, con un elevado costo en vidas humanas y algún impacto negativo en la recuperación económica. Entre mayo y mediados de junio los bloqueos de las carreteras y los problemas de orden público tuvieron un fuerte efecto negativo sobre la actividad económica y la inflación. Se estima que la magnitud de estos dos choques combinados habría generado una caída en niveles en...
Macroeconomic Summary Overall inflation (1.61%) and core inflation (excluding food and regulated ... more Macroeconomic Summary Overall inflation (1.61%) and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) (1.11%) both declined beyond the technical staff’s expectations in the fourth quarter of 2020. Year-end 2021 forecasts for both indicators were revised downward to 2.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Market inflation expectations also fell over this period and suggested inflation below the 3% target through the end of this year, rising to the target in 2022. Downward pressure on inflation was more significant in the fourth quarter than previously projected, indicating weak demand. Annual deceleration among the main groups of the consumer price index (CPI) was generalized and, except for foods, was greater than projected in the October report. The CPI for goods (excluding foods and regulated items) and the CPI for regulated items were subject to the largest decelerations and forecasting discrepancies. In the first case, this was due in part to a greater-than-expected effect on prices from...
Infl ation targeting and the economy The Bank's mandate is to conduct monetary policy to promot... more Infl ation targeting and the economy The Bank's mandate is to conduct monetary policy to promote the economic and nancial well-being of Canadians. Canada's experience with in ation targeting since 1991 has shown that the best way to foster con dence in the value of money and to contribute to sustained economic growth, employment gains and improved living standards is by keeping in ation low, stable and predictable. In 2016, the Government and the Bank of Canada renewed Canada's in ation-control target for a further ve-year period, ending December 31, 2021. The target, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI), remains at the 2 percent midpoint of the control range of 1 to 3 percent. 1 See Joint Statement of the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada on the Renewal of the In ation-Control Target (October 24, 2016) and Renewal of the In ation-Control Target: Background Information-October 2016, which are both available on the Bank's website. 2 When interest rates are at very low levels, the Bank has at its disposal a suite of extraordinary policy measures that could be used to provide additional monetary stimulus and/or improve credit market conditions. The Framework for Conducting Monetary Policy at Low Interest Rates, available on the Bank's website, describes these measures and the principles guiding their use. The Monetary Policy Report is available on the Bank of Canada's website at bankofcanada.ca.
This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balanc... more This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balance, the labor market, and economic growth. For this purpose, we built a dynamic general equilibrium model with a search and matching structure in the labor market. The higher fiscal spending to address immigration negatively impacts the government's budget in the short term, which is offset by higher output, consumption, and employment level, increasing the government's revenues mainly through indirect tax collection. The effect on the labor market is different for unskilled workers--whose higher supply generates a negative effect on wages and an increase in the unemployment rate--and skilled workers, who benefit from higher wages and lower unemployment. These changes in the labor market affect the government's revenue, resulting, in the long term, in positive fiscal dividends of migration.