Marcin Kurowski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marcin Kurowski
Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases, 2021
Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a chronic inducible urticaria, characterised by itchy pinpoint w... more Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a chronic inducible urticaria, characterised by itchy pinpoint wheals up to 3 mm in diameter, surrounded by a prominent flare, that occur following an exposure to characteristic triggers such as active or passive heating, physical exercise, emotions, hot or spicy foods. Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include immediate hypersensitivity to autologous sweat antigens, functional sweating disorders, impaired acethylcholine metabolism, abnormal skin vascular permeability and disturbed skin innervation. Clinical manifestations of CholU may vary from typical itchy pinpoint urticarial lesions, angioedema to anaphylaxis. Atypical CholU forms include cholinergic pruritus, cholinergic dermographism, cold cholinergic urticaria and persistent cholinergic erythema. The diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria relies on patients history, сlinical manifestations and challenge tests. Treatment options include nonsedating H1 antihistamines in standard or increased doses. Th...
This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research... more This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. Infection-promoting consequences are attributed to strenuous exercise as performed by professional athletes. In about half of the athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance release of proinflammatory mediators thus probably leading to appearance of infection-like respiratory symptoms. Studies assessing influence of regularly repeated exercise on immune response and systemic inflammation are far less numerous than those regarding acute exercise effects. This identifies another knowledge gap requiring further assessment both in recreational and in profession...
Exercise and Sports Pulmonology, 2018
Respiratory infections are the most frequent cause of athletes’ visits in medical practices. Simu... more Respiratory infections are the most frequent cause of athletes’ visits in medical practices. Simultaneously, contradictory beliefs are generally held regarding influence of repeated exercise on immunity reflected in susceptibility to infections. Many tend to claim that exercise weakens the immunity and renders regular exercisers more prone to develop airway infections. On the other hand, voices are heard in favor of the possible beneficial influence of regular exercise on immune system efficiency. This chapter focuses on the associations of various kinds of exercise with respiratory infection susceptibility. Influence of exercise, in particular associated with competitive performance, on selected innate and acquired immune response mechanisms is also addressed.
Allergy, 2021
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disin... more Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disinfectants used in swimming pools. Among the disinfection options, the approaches using chlorine‐based products have been typically preferred. Chlorine readily reacts with natural organic matter that are introduced in the water mainly through the bathers, leading to the formation of potentially harmful chlorination by‐products (CBPs). The formation of CBPs is of particular concern since some have been epidemiologically associated with the development of various clinical manifestations. The higher the concentration of volatile CBPs in the water, the higher their concentration in the air above the pool, and different routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming pools (water ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation) contribute to the individual exposome. Some CBPs may affect the respiratory and skin health of those who stay indoor for long periods, such as swimming instructors, pool staff, and competitive swimmers. Whether those who use chlorinated pools as customers, particularly children, may also be affected has been a matter of debate. In this article, we discuss the current evidence regarding the health effects of both acute and chronic exposures in different populations (work‐related exposures, intensive sports, and recreational attendance) and identify the main recommendations and unmet needs for research in this area.
Allergy, 2021
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Advances in Medical Sciences, 2019
PURPOSE Respiratory viral infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may affect ... more PURPOSE Respiratory viral infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may affect arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the airway epithelium, however their joint effect has not been studied. We hypothesized, that alternations of AA metabolism in human airway epithelial cells (ECs) - induced by Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) - may be modified by concomitant treatment with NSAIDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nasal (RPMI 2650) and bronchial (BEAS-2B) epithelial cells were cultured into confluence and then infected with PIV3. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels in cell supernatants were measured by ELISA and expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) mRNA in cells was evaluated after reverse transcription with real-time polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS PGE2 generation was decreased by PIV3 infection in the upper airway epithelial cells, and increased in the lower airway epithelial cells. Both naproxen and celecoxib induced significant reduction in PGE2 release in both infected and non-infected upper and lower airway epithelial cells. However, in PIV3-infected epithelial cells celecoxib inhibited PGE2 release and COX-2 expression to significantly higher degree as compared to non-infected cells. 15-HETE generation or COX-1, 5-LO and 15-LO expression were not affected by the virus infection or by NSAIDs. CONCLUSION Virus infection in airway epithelial cells enhances inhibitory effect of NSAIDs on prostaglandin E2 generation.
Archives of Medical Science, 2018
Introduction: Regular training modulates airway inflammation and modifies susceptibility to respi... more Introduction: Regular training modulates airway inflammation and modifies susceptibility to respiratory infections. The impact of exercise and ambient conditions on airway hyperreactivity and innate immunity has not been well studied. We aimed to assess exercise-related symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and innate immunity proteins in relation to meteorological conditions and exercise load in competitive athletes. Material and methods: Thirty-six speed skaters were assessed during winter (WTP) and summer (STP) periods. The control group comprised 22 non-exercising subjects. An allergy questionnaire for athletes (AQUA) and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were used to assess symptoms and exercise. Meteorological parameters were acquired from World Meteorological Organization resources. Serum innate immunity proteins were measured by ELISA. Results: Exercise-associated respiratory symptoms were reported by 79.4% of skaters. Despite similar exercise load and lung parameters during both periods, positive methacholine challenge was more frequent during winter (p = 0.04). Heat shock protein HSPA1 and IL-1RA were significantly decreased during STP compared to WTP and controls. During WTP, IL-1RA was elevated in skaters reporting exercise-induced symptoms (p = 0.007). sCD14 was elevated in athletes versus controls in both periods (p < 0.05). HSPA1 was significantly higher in WTP compared to STP irrespective of presence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). IL-1RA in WTP was elevated versus STP (p = 0.004) only in RTI-negative athletes. Serum IL-1RA negatively correlated with most meteorological parameters during WTP. Conclusions: Ambient training conditions, but not training load, influence bronchial hyperreactivity and the innate immune response in competitive athletes assessed during winter. The protective effect of regular exercise against respiratory infections is associated with a shift in serum innate immunity proteins.
International journal of molecular sciences, Jan 20, 2018
Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodellin... more Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodelling. Regeneration of injured epithelium is a complex phenomenon and the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the stimulation of respiratory virus products in this process has not been established. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the wound repair process in airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors. Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) (BEAS-2B line) were incubated with the TLR agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide (LPS), allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. Addition of either poly(I:C) or LPS to ECs induced a marked inhibition of wound repair. Supernatants from RV1b-infected cells also decreased regeneration. Preincubation of injured and not-injured...
Advances in Medical Sciences, 2018
Intensive exercise modifies airway inflammation and infection susceptibility. We aimed to determi... more Intensive exercise modifies airway inflammation and infection susceptibility. We aimed to determine the effect of exercise on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a, IL-1ra, IL-10) and innate immunity protein (HSPA1, sCD14) levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and nasal secretions of competitive athletes, non-exercising asthmatics and healthy controls (HC). Material and methods: The study group consisted of 15 competitive athletes (five speed skaters and ten swimmers) aged 15-25. The control groups comprised 10 mild-to-moderate asthmatics (AC) and seven HC. Athletes were assessed in-and off-training while asthmatics and controls at one time point. Nasal lavages and EBC were collected before and after a treadmill exercise challenge. Protein levels were assessed using ELISA. Results: TNF-a levels in EBC were significantly higher in athletes than HC, but similar to asthmatic patients. In contrast, IL-1ra EBC concentrations were significantly lower in athletes than in HC, but again similar to asthmatics. Significant positive correlations were seen between baseline concentrations of TNF-a in EBC and fall in FEV1 following exercise challenge in athletes during training period (R = 0.74, p < 0.01) and in asthmatics (R = 0.64, p < 0.05). In nasal secretions, baseline IL-1ra levels were significantly higher in athletes and asthmatics than in HC. Exercise caused a slight, yet significant, increase in EBC HSPA1 in athletes (p = 0.02). The exercise challenge did not considerably influence TNF-a, IL-1ra, HSPA1 and sCD14 in EBC or nasal secretions. Conclusions: Dysregulation of the TNF-a/IL-1ra balance in EBC and nasal secretions from athletes may reflect the presence of airway inflammation induced by repeated strenuous exercise.
Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2017
Periostin is considered a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and have been associated... more Periostin is considered a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and have been associated with NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (NERD) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate periostin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and in serum of patients with various asthma phenotypes. The study included 40 asthmatic patients (22 with NERD) and 17 healthy controls. All the procedures (questionnaire, spirometry, FeNO, nasal swabs, EBC collecting, and blood sampling) were performed on the same day. Periostin concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit. Periostin was detected in EBC from 37 of 40 asthmatics and in 16 from 17 of controls. The concentration of periostin in EBC did not differ between the study groups and was not associated with NERD or asthma severity. However, the EBC periostin was significantly higher in asthmatics with CRS as compared to those without (3.1 vs 2 ng/mL, P=0.046). Patients with positive bacterial culture from nasal swa...
Allergy, Jan 9, 2017
The evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBwA ) occurring in a... more The evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBwA ) occurring in athletes led to speculate about different endotypes inducing respiratory symptoms within athletes. Classical postulated mechanisms for bronchial obstruction in this population include the osmotic and the thermal hypotheses. More recently, the presence of epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways of athletes was demonstrated. In addition, neuronal activation has been suggested as a potential modulator of bronchoconstriction. Investigation of these emerging mechanisms are of major importance since EIB is a significant problem for both recreational and competitive athletes and is the most common chronic condition among Olympic athletes, with obvious implications for their competing performance, health and quality of life. Hereby we summarize the latest achievements in this area and identify the current gaps of knowledge so that future research heads towards better defining the etiolo...
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 2016
Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after desensitization may be a therapeutic option in pa... more Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after desensitization may be a therapeutic option in patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). The mechanisms that lead to improvement in rhinosinusitis and asthma symptoms remain unknown. To attribute the documented clinical effects of ASA treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and/or asthma to the release of eicosanoid metabolites in urine. Fourteen patients with NERD were successfully desensitized, and, eventually, eight patients were treated with 650 mg of ASA daily for 3 months. In addition to clinical assessments, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and smell test were performed before and after treatment with ASA. Venous blood and urine were collected before desensitization and after 1 and 3 months of treatment. The levels of urinary leukotrienes (LT) (cysteinyl LT and LTE4) and tetranor PGDM (metabolite of prostaglandin D2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with ASA after desensitization alleviated symptoms of rhinosinusitis, improved nasal patency (mean, 50% decrease in peak nasal inspiratory flow) and sense of smell (fourfold increase in smell test score) in as early as 4 weeks. Clinical improvements were not accompanied by any change in sinonasal mucosa thickness as assessed with nuclear magnetic resonance. Urinary cysteinyl LTs, LTE4, and prostaglandin D2 metabolite remained relatively stable during ASA treatment and did not correlate with clinical improvements. Desensitization was associated with a progressive decrease of urinary creatinine. Clinical improvement in rhinosinusitis and/or asthma after ASA desensitization was not related to concentrations of urinary eicosanoid metabolites. A decrease of urinary creatinine requires further study to determine the renal safety of long-term treatment with ASA after desensitization.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2005
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity affects from 5 to 30% of adult asthm... more Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity affects from 5 to 30% of adult asthmatics. The diagnosis is established on the basis of anamnesis and confirmed by provocation tests, but the last one carry the risk of serious side effects. There is lack of in vitro test to diagnose NSAID hypersensitivity. The aim of our study was to establish the usefulness of basophil degranulation test in the diagnosis of NSAID hypersensitivity. The study population consisted of 10 patients with aspirin asthma, 6 asthmatics with tolerance of NSAID and 6 healthy subjects. NSAID hypersensitivity was confirmed by aspirin challenge. The level of specific IgE for aspirin was determined in all subjects by ELISA method. Basophil degranulation test (BDT) was performed The BDT was assessed as positive when the basophils degranulation exceeded 30% as compared to control. In all NSAID hypersensitive subjects, sensitivity was confirmed by aspirin challenge. The specific IgE test was negative for a...
Journal of Inflammation, 2015
Background: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), while infecting lower airway epithelial cel... more Background: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), while infecting lower airway epithelial cells induces pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children, and may lead to asthma exacerbations in children and adults. Respiratory viruses invading the airway epithelium activate innate immune response and induce inflammatory cytokine release contributing to the pathophysiology of upper and lower airway disorders. However, the effects of HPIV3 infection on nasal epithelial cells have not been well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the HPIV3 infection on cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and the release of interferon gamma and other cytokines. Methods: RPMI 2650, a human nasal epithelial cell line was cultured into confluence and was infected with HPIV3 (MOI of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001). The protein release into supernatants and mRNA expression of selected cytokines were assessed 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. Cytokine concentrations in supernatants were measured by ELISA and expression of cytokine mRNA in RPMI 2650 cells confirmed by real time RT-PCR analysis. Results: HNECs infection with HPIV3 did not induce cytotoxicity for at least 48 hours, but significantly increased IFN-γ protein concentration in the cell supernatants at 24 h and 48 h post infection (by 387% and 485% respectively as compared to mock infected cells). At 24 h a significant increase in expression of mRNA for IFNγ was observed. RANTES protein concentration and mRNA expression were significantly increased at 72 h after infection (mean protein concentration: 3.5 ± 1.4 pg/mL for 0.001 MOI, 10.8 ± 4.6 pg/mL for 0.01 MOI and 61.5 ± 18.4 pg/mL for 0.1 MOI as compared to 2.4 ± 1.3 pg/mL for uninfected cells). No measurable concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, TSLP, IL-8, GM-CSF or eotaxin, were detected in virus infected cells supernatants. Conclusions: HPIV3 effectively infects upper airway epithelial cells and the infection is associated with induction of IFN-γ and generation of RANTES.
World Allergy Organization Journal, 2012
Conclusions: Inhibition of AKT can effectively decrease RSV replication in culture, likely by dec... more Conclusions: Inhibition of AKT can effectively decrease RSV replication in culture, likely by decreasing P phosphorylation and thus viral protein transcription and expression. Activation of AKT during RSV infection likely involves the NS2 protein and does not depend on the PH domain of AKT. AKT inhibitors have been found to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials for a number of different cancers; thus, AKT inhibition may be a potential therapeutic treatment for severe RSV infection.
Clinical and translational allergy, Jan 2, 2012
ABSTRACT: In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has becom... more ABSTRACT: In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century.The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with t...
Respiratory Research, 2014
Background Respiratory epithelium integrity impairment caused by intensive exercise may lead to e... more Background Respiratory epithelium integrity impairment caused by intensive exercise may lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Clara cell protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory properties and its serum level reflects changes in epithelium integrity and airway inflammation. This study aimed to investigate serum CC16 in elite athletes and to seek associations of CC16 with asthma or allergy, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and immune response to respiratory pathogens. Methods The study was performed in 203 Olympic athletes. Control groups comprised 53 healthy subjects and 49 mild allergic asthmatics. Serum levels of CC16 and IgG against respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were assessed. Allergy questionnaire for athletes was used to determine symptoms and exercise pattern. Current versions of ARIA and GINA guidelines were used when diagnosing allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively. Results Asthma was diagnosed in 13.3% athletes, of whom 55.6% had concomitant alle...
Journal of Virological Methods, 2009
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on ... more Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2002
CONCLUSIONS: Fexofenadine rapidly reduced the symptoms of nasal congestion in PAR, and this effec... more CONCLUSIONS: Fexofenadine rapidly reduced the symptoms of nasal congestion in PAR, and this effect was maintained throughout the 4week study period. This early effect may reflect the anti-allergic activity of fexofenadine, as nasal congestion is a symptom caused by allergic inflammation. This pilot study supports the clinical efficacy of fexofenadine in PAR, and provides further evidence of its efficacy in the management of nasal congestion.
Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases, 2021
Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a chronic inducible urticaria, characterised by itchy pinpoint w... more Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a chronic inducible urticaria, characterised by itchy pinpoint wheals up to 3 mm in diameter, surrounded by a prominent flare, that occur following an exposure to characteristic triggers such as active or passive heating, physical exercise, emotions, hot or spicy foods. Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include immediate hypersensitivity to autologous sweat antigens, functional sweating disorders, impaired acethylcholine metabolism, abnormal skin vascular permeability and disturbed skin innervation. Clinical manifestations of CholU may vary from typical itchy pinpoint urticarial lesions, angioedema to anaphylaxis. Atypical CholU forms include cholinergic pruritus, cholinergic dermographism, cold cholinergic urticaria and persistent cholinergic erythema. The diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria relies on patients history, сlinical manifestations and challenge tests. Treatment options include nonsedating H1 antihistamines in standard or increased doses. Th...
This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research... more This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. Infection-promoting consequences are attributed to strenuous exercise as performed by professional athletes. In about half of the athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance release of proinflammatory mediators thus probably leading to appearance of infection-like respiratory symptoms. Studies assessing influence of regularly repeated exercise on immune response and systemic inflammation are far less numerous than those regarding acute exercise effects. This identifies another knowledge gap requiring further assessment both in recreational and in profession...
Exercise and Sports Pulmonology, 2018
Respiratory infections are the most frequent cause of athletes’ visits in medical practices. Simu... more Respiratory infections are the most frequent cause of athletes’ visits in medical practices. Simultaneously, contradictory beliefs are generally held regarding influence of repeated exercise on immunity reflected in susceptibility to infections. Many tend to claim that exercise weakens the immunity and renders regular exercisers more prone to develop airway infections. On the other hand, voices are heard in favor of the possible beneficial influence of regular exercise on immune system efficiency. This chapter focuses on the associations of various kinds of exercise with respiratory infection susceptibility. Influence of exercise, in particular associated with competitive performance, on selected innate and acquired immune response mechanisms is also addressed.
Allergy, 2021
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disin... more Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disinfectants used in swimming pools. Among the disinfection options, the approaches using chlorine‐based products have been typically preferred. Chlorine readily reacts with natural organic matter that are introduced in the water mainly through the bathers, leading to the formation of potentially harmful chlorination by‐products (CBPs). The formation of CBPs is of particular concern since some have been epidemiologically associated with the development of various clinical manifestations. The higher the concentration of volatile CBPs in the water, the higher their concentration in the air above the pool, and different routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming pools (water ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation) contribute to the individual exposome. Some CBPs may affect the respiratory and skin health of those who stay indoor for long periods, such as swimming instructors, pool staff, and competitive swimmers. Whether those who use chlorinated pools as customers, particularly children, may also be affected has been a matter of debate. In this article, we discuss the current evidence regarding the health effects of both acute and chronic exposures in different populations (work‐related exposures, intensive sports, and recreational attendance) and identify the main recommendations and unmet needs for research in this area.
Allergy, 2021
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Advances in Medical Sciences, 2019
PURPOSE Respiratory viral infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may affect ... more PURPOSE Respiratory viral infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may affect arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the airway epithelium, however their joint effect has not been studied. We hypothesized, that alternations of AA metabolism in human airway epithelial cells (ECs) - induced by Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) - may be modified by concomitant treatment with NSAIDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nasal (RPMI 2650) and bronchial (BEAS-2B) epithelial cells were cultured into confluence and then infected with PIV3. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels in cell supernatants were measured by ELISA and expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) mRNA in cells was evaluated after reverse transcription with real-time polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS PGE2 generation was decreased by PIV3 infection in the upper airway epithelial cells, and increased in the lower airway epithelial cells. Both naproxen and celecoxib induced significant reduction in PGE2 release in both infected and non-infected upper and lower airway epithelial cells. However, in PIV3-infected epithelial cells celecoxib inhibited PGE2 release and COX-2 expression to significantly higher degree as compared to non-infected cells. 15-HETE generation or COX-1, 5-LO and 15-LO expression were not affected by the virus infection or by NSAIDs. CONCLUSION Virus infection in airway epithelial cells enhances inhibitory effect of NSAIDs on prostaglandin E2 generation.
Archives of Medical Science, 2018
Introduction: Regular training modulates airway inflammation and modifies susceptibility to respi... more Introduction: Regular training modulates airway inflammation and modifies susceptibility to respiratory infections. The impact of exercise and ambient conditions on airway hyperreactivity and innate immunity has not been well studied. We aimed to assess exercise-related symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and innate immunity proteins in relation to meteorological conditions and exercise load in competitive athletes. Material and methods: Thirty-six speed skaters were assessed during winter (WTP) and summer (STP) periods. The control group comprised 22 non-exercising subjects. An allergy questionnaire for athletes (AQUA) and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were used to assess symptoms and exercise. Meteorological parameters were acquired from World Meteorological Organization resources. Serum innate immunity proteins were measured by ELISA. Results: Exercise-associated respiratory symptoms were reported by 79.4% of skaters. Despite similar exercise load and lung parameters during both periods, positive methacholine challenge was more frequent during winter (p = 0.04). Heat shock protein HSPA1 and IL-1RA were significantly decreased during STP compared to WTP and controls. During WTP, IL-1RA was elevated in skaters reporting exercise-induced symptoms (p = 0.007). sCD14 was elevated in athletes versus controls in both periods (p < 0.05). HSPA1 was significantly higher in WTP compared to STP irrespective of presence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). IL-1RA in WTP was elevated versus STP (p = 0.004) only in RTI-negative athletes. Serum IL-1RA negatively correlated with most meteorological parameters during WTP. Conclusions: Ambient training conditions, but not training load, influence bronchial hyperreactivity and the innate immune response in competitive athletes assessed during winter. The protective effect of regular exercise against respiratory infections is associated with a shift in serum innate immunity proteins.
International journal of molecular sciences, Jan 20, 2018
Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodellin... more Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodelling. Regeneration of injured epithelium is a complex phenomenon and the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the stimulation of respiratory virus products in this process has not been established. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the wound repair process in airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors. Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) (BEAS-2B line) were incubated with the TLR agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide (LPS), allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. Addition of either poly(I:C) or LPS to ECs induced a marked inhibition of wound repair. Supernatants from RV1b-infected cells also decreased regeneration. Preincubation of injured and not-injured...
Advances in Medical Sciences, 2018
Intensive exercise modifies airway inflammation and infection susceptibility. We aimed to determi... more Intensive exercise modifies airway inflammation and infection susceptibility. We aimed to determine the effect of exercise on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a, IL-1ra, IL-10) and innate immunity protein (HSPA1, sCD14) levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and nasal secretions of competitive athletes, non-exercising asthmatics and healthy controls (HC). Material and methods: The study group consisted of 15 competitive athletes (five speed skaters and ten swimmers) aged 15-25. The control groups comprised 10 mild-to-moderate asthmatics (AC) and seven HC. Athletes were assessed in-and off-training while asthmatics and controls at one time point. Nasal lavages and EBC were collected before and after a treadmill exercise challenge. Protein levels were assessed using ELISA. Results: TNF-a levels in EBC were significantly higher in athletes than HC, but similar to asthmatic patients. In contrast, IL-1ra EBC concentrations were significantly lower in athletes than in HC, but again similar to asthmatics. Significant positive correlations were seen between baseline concentrations of TNF-a in EBC and fall in FEV1 following exercise challenge in athletes during training period (R = 0.74, p < 0.01) and in asthmatics (R = 0.64, p < 0.05). In nasal secretions, baseline IL-1ra levels were significantly higher in athletes and asthmatics than in HC. Exercise caused a slight, yet significant, increase in EBC HSPA1 in athletes (p = 0.02). The exercise challenge did not considerably influence TNF-a, IL-1ra, HSPA1 and sCD14 in EBC or nasal secretions. Conclusions: Dysregulation of the TNF-a/IL-1ra balance in EBC and nasal secretions from athletes may reflect the presence of airway inflammation induced by repeated strenuous exercise.
Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2017
Periostin is considered a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and have been associated... more Periostin is considered a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and have been associated with NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (NERD) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate periostin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and in serum of patients with various asthma phenotypes. The study included 40 asthmatic patients (22 with NERD) and 17 healthy controls. All the procedures (questionnaire, spirometry, FeNO, nasal swabs, EBC collecting, and blood sampling) were performed on the same day. Periostin concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit. Periostin was detected in EBC from 37 of 40 asthmatics and in 16 from 17 of controls. The concentration of periostin in EBC did not differ between the study groups and was not associated with NERD or asthma severity. However, the EBC periostin was significantly higher in asthmatics with CRS as compared to those without (3.1 vs 2 ng/mL, P=0.046). Patients with positive bacterial culture from nasal swa...
Allergy, Jan 9, 2017
The evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBwA ) occurring in a... more The evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBwA ) occurring in athletes led to speculate about different endotypes inducing respiratory symptoms within athletes. Classical postulated mechanisms for bronchial obstruction in this population include the osmotic and the thermal hypotheses. More recently, the presence of epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways of athletes was demonstrated. In addition, neuronal activation has been suggested as a potential modulator of bronchoconstriction. Investigation of these emerging mechanisms are of major importance since EIB is a significant problem for both recreational and competitive athletes and is the most common chronic condition among Olympic athletes, with obvious implications for their competing performance, health and quality of life. Hereby we summarize the latest achievements in this area and identify the current gaps of knowledge so that future research heads towards better defining the etiolo...
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 2016
Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after desensitization may be a therapeutic option in pa... more Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after desensitization may be a therapeutic option in patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). The mechanisms that lead to improvement in rhinosinusitis and asthma symptoms remain unknown. To attribute the documented clinical effects of ASA treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and/or asthma to the release of eicosanoid metabolites in urine. Fourteen patients with NERD were successfully desensitized, and, eventually, eight patients were treated with 650 mg of ASA daily for 3 months. In addition to clinical assessments, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and smell test were performed before and after treatment with ASA. Venous blood and urine were collected before desensitization and after 1 and 3 months of treatment. The levels of urinary leukotrienes (LT) (cysteinyl LT and LTE4) and tetranor PGDM (metabolite of prostaglandin D2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with ASA after desensitization alleviated symptoms of rhinosinusitis, improved nasal patency (mean, 50% decrease in peak nasal inspiratory flow) and sense of smell (fourfold increase in smell test score) in as early as 4 weeks. Clinical improvements were not accompanied by any change in sinonasal mucosa thickness as assessed with nuclear magnetic resonance. Urinary cysteinyl LTs, LTE4, and prostaglandin D2 metabolite remained relatively stable during ASA treatment and did not correlate with clinical improvements. Desensitization was associated with a progressive decrease of urinary creatinine. Clinical improvement in rhinosinusitis and/or asthma after ASA desensitization was not related to concentrations of urinary eicosanoid metabolites. A decrease of urinary creatinine requires further study to determine the renal safety of long-term treatment with ASA after desensitization.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2005
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity affects from 5 to 30% of adult asthm... more Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity affects from 5 to 30% of adult asthmatics. The diagnosis is established on the basis of anamnesis and confirmed by provocation tests, but the last one carry the risk of serious side effects. There is lack of in vitro test to diagnose NSAID hypersensitivity. The aim of our study was to establish the usefulness of basophil degranulation test in the diagnosis of NSAID hypersensitivity. The study population consisted of 10 patients with aspirin asthma, 6 asthmatics with tolerance of NSAID and 6 healthy subjects. NSAID hypersensitivity was confirmed by aspirin challenge. The level of specific IgE for aspirin was determined in all subjects by ELISA method. Basophil degranulation test (BDT) was performed The BDT was assessed as positive when the basophils degranulation exceeded 30% as compared to control. In all NSAID hypersensitive subjects, sensitivity was confirmed by aspirin challenge. The specific IgE test was negative for a...
Journal of Inflammation, 2015
Background: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), while infecting lower airway epithelial cel... more Background: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), while infecting lower airway epithelial cells induces pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children, and may lead to asthma exacerbations in children and adults. Respiratory viruses invading the airway epithelium activate innate immune response and induce inflammatory cytokine release contributing to the pathophysiology of upper and lower airway disorders. However, the effects of HPIV3 infection on nasal epithelial cells have not been well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the HPIV3 infection on cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and the release of interferon gamma and other cytokines. Methods: RPMI 2650, a human nasal epithelial cell line was cultured into confluence and was infected with HPIV3 (MOI of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001). The protein release into supernatants and mRNA expression of selected cytokines were assessed 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. Cytokine concentrations in supernatants were measured by ELISA and expression of cytokine mRNA in RPMI 2650 cells confirmed by real time RT-PCR analysis. Results: HNECs infection with HPIV3 did not induce cytotoxicity for at least 48 hours, but significantly increased IFN-γ protein concentration in the cell supernatants at 24 h and 48 h post infection (by 387% and 485% respectively as compared to mock infected cells). At 24 h a significant increase in expression of mRNA for IFNγ was observed. RANTES protein concentration and mRNA expression were significantly increased at 72 h after infection (mean protein concentration: 3.5 ± 1.4 pg/mL for 0.001 MOI, 10.8 ± 4.6 pg/mL for 0.01 MOI and 61.5 ± 18.4 pg/mL for 0.1 MOI as compared to 2.4 ± 1.3 pg/mL for uninfected cells). No measurable concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, TSLP, IL-8, GM-CSF or eotaxin, were detected in virus infected cells supernatants. Conclusions: HPIV3 effectively infects upper airway epithelial cells and the infection is associated with induction of IFN-γ and generation of RANTES.
World Allergy Organization Journal, 2012
Conclusions: Inhibition of AKT can effectively decrease RSV replication in culture, likely by dec... more Conclusions: Inhibition of AKT can effectively decrease RSV replication in culture, likely by decreasing P phosphorylation and thus viral protein transcription and expression. Activation of AKT during RSV infection likely involves the NS2 protein and does not depend on the PH domain of AKT. AKT inhibitors have been found to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials for a number of different cancers; thus, AKT inhibition may be a potential therapeutic treatment for severe RSV infection.
Clinical and translational allergy, Jan 2, 2012
ABSTRACT: In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has becom... more ABSTRACT: In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century.The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with t...
Respiratory Research, 2014
Background Respiratory epithelium integrity impairment caused by intensive exercise may lead to e... more Background Respiratory epithelium integrity impairment caused by intensive exercise may lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Clara cell protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory properties and its serum level reflects changes in epithelium integrity and airway inflammation. This study aimed to investigate serum CC16 in elite athletes and to seek associations of CC16 with asthma or allergy, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and immune response to respiratory pathogens. Methods The study was performed in 203 Olympic athletes. Control groups comprised 53 healthy subjects and 49 mild allergic asthmatics. Serum levels of CC16 and IgG against respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were assessed. Allergy questionnaire for athletes was used to determine symptoms and exercise pattern. Current versions of ARIA and GINA guidelines were used when diagnosing allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively. Results Asthma was diagnosed in 13.3% athletes, of whom 55.6% had concomitant alle...
Journal of Virological Methods, 2009
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on ... more Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2002
CONCLUSIONS: Fexofenadine rapidly reduced the symptoms of nasal congestion in PAR, and this effec... more CONCLUSIONS: Fexofenadine rapidly reduced the symptoms of nasal congestion in PAR, and this effect was maintained throughout the 4week study period. This early effect may reflect the anti-allergic activity of fexofenadine, as nasal congestion is a symptom caused by allergic inflammation. This pilot study supports the clinical efficacy of fexofenadine in PAR, and provides further evidence of its efficacy in the management of nasal congestion.