Marcu Dorin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Marcu Dorin

International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 2000

This paper presents a successful knowledge acquisition experiment in which subject matter experts... more This paper presents a successful knowledge acquisition experiment in which subject matter experts that did not have any prior knowledge engineering experience succeeded to teach the Disciple-COA agent how to critique courses of action, a challenge problem addressed by the DARPA's High Performance Knowledge Bases program. We first present the COA challenge problem and the architecture of Disciple-COA, a learning agent shell from the Disciple family. Then we present the knowledge acquisition experiment, detailing both the expert-Disciple interactions, and the automatic knowledge base development processes that take place as a result of these interactions. The results of this experiment provide strong evidence that the Disciple approach is a viable solution to the knowledge acquisition bottleneck.

Journal of Software, 2008

This paper presents an approach to rapid development of virtual planning experts that can collabo... more This paper presents an approach to rapid development of virtual planning experts that can collaborate to develop plans of action requiring expertise from multiple domains. The approach is implemented into a new type of software tool, called Disciple-VPT, which includes an extensible library of virtual planning experts from different domains. Teams of such virtual experts can be rapidly assembled from the library to generate complex plans of actions that require their joint expertise.

One way to identify new and promising directions for Machine Learning research is to define an im... more One way to identify new and promising directions for Machine Learning research is to define an important challenge problem that has broad applicability, and then to identify what kind of machine learning capabilities are required to solve it. This paper introduces a great challenge problem, developing agents by typical computer users, that has far reaching consequences on our society, and raises several Machine Learning research issues from a different paradigm than that used in current Machine Learning research. The paper identifies these issues and extends them to general research directions for Machine Learning. It also presents some preliminary results on approaching the challenge problem and these issues, in order to support their feasability.

This paper presents current results in developing a practical approach, methodology and tool, for... more This paper presents current results in developing a practical approach, methodology and tool, for the development of knowledge bases and agents by subject matter experts, with limited assistance from knowledge engineers. This approach is based on mixed-initiative reasoning that integrates the complementary knowledge and reasoning styles of a subject matter expert and a learning agent, and on a division of responsibilities for those elements of knowledge engineering for which they have the most aptitude. The approach was evaluated at the US Army War College, demonstrating very good results and a high potential for overcoming the knowledge acquisition bottleneck.

Ai Magazine, 2001

In his invited talk at the 1993 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edward Feigenbaum... more In his invited talk at the 1993 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edward Feigenbaum compared the technology of a knowledge based computer system with a tiger in a cage. Rarely does a technology arise that offers such a wide range of important benefits. Yet, this technology is still very far from achieving its potential. This tiger is in a cage and to free it the Artificial Intelligence research community must understand and remove the bars of the cage.

We are addressing the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the development of knowledge-based syst... more We are addressing the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the development of knowledge-based systems by elaborating the Disciple theory and methodology that enables subject matter experts to build such systems by themselves, with limited assistance from ...

The research problem addressed in this paper is the development of knowledge bases and knowledge ... more The research problem addressed in this paper is the development of knowledge bases and knowledge based agents by a subject matter expert that does not have knowledge engineering experience and receives limited support from a knowledge engineer. One possible solution to this problem is provided by the mixed-initiative Disciple approach where an expert teaches a learning agent while solving problems in cooperation. Disciple synergistically integrates the complementary human and automated reasoning to take advantage of their respective knowledge, reasoning styles and computational strengths. The general strategy behind the Disciple approach is to replace the difficult knowledge engineering tasks required to build a knowledge base, tasks that cannot be performed by a subject matter expert, with simpler tasks that can be performed by the expert. The teaching process is illustrated with examples involving the Disciple workaround agent that is able to plan how a convoy of military vehicles can work around obstacles in their path.

Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009

A new synthesis scheme for the formation of porous CeO 2 /Pt-polycarbosilane composites using inv... more A new synthesis scheme for the formation of porous CeO 2 /Pt-polycarbosilane composites using inverse microemulsions is presented. Aqueous hexachloroplatinic acid was used as a hydrosilylation catalyst causing crosslinking of allyl groups in a liquid polycarbosilane (PCS). The resulting polymers are temperature stable and highly porous. The Pt catalyst content and post-treatment of the polymer can be used to adjust the porosity. For the first time hydrophobic polymers with specific surface areas up to 896 m 2 /g were obtained by catalytic crosslinking of polycarbosilanes. Ceria nanoparticles 2-3 nm in diameter are well dispersed in the PCS matrix as proven using high resolution electron microscopy. Porosity of the hydrophobic materials could be increased up to 992 m 2 /g by adding divinylbenzene in the oil phase. Pyrolyses at 1200-1500 C and post-oxidative treatment at various temperatures produce porous ceramic structures with surface areas up to 423 m 2 /g. X-Ray diffration investigations show that the crystallinity of the SiC matrix can be controlled by the pyrolysis temperature. Post-oxidative treatments cause silicon oxycarbide formation. Structure and morphology of the polymeric and ceramic composites were investigated using 29 Si MAS NMR, FESEM, FT-IR and EDX techniques. The temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) of methane shows a high catalytic activity of CeO 2 / Pt-SiC(O) composites lowering the onset in the TPO to 400-500 C.

ABSTRACT Over the years we have researched a computational theory and technology that allows regu... more ABSTRACT Over the years we have researched a computational theory and technology that allows regular computer users who are not knowledge engineers to develop intelligent agents that incorporate their problem solving expertise [1--7]. This resulted in a series of increasingly more powerful Disciple cognitive agents that integrate several complementary capabilities. They are able to learn, directly from their users, their subject matter expertise, which currently takes years to establish, is lost when experts separate from service, and is costly to replace. They can assist their users in solving complex problems in uncertain and dynamic environments, and they can tutor students in expert problem solving. Disciple agents have been developed for a wide variety of domains, including manufacturing [1], education [2], course of action critiquing [3], center of gravity determination [4, 5], and intelligence analysis [6]. The most recent Disciple agents incorporate a significant amount of generic knowledge from the Science of Evidence, allowing them to teach and help their users in discovering and evaluating evidence and hypotheses, through the development of Wigmorean probabilistic inference networks that link evidence to hypotheses in argumentation structures that establish the relevance, believability and inferential force of evidence [7].

In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.V... more In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.Vom parcurge urmatoarele etape.

In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.V... more In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.Vom parcurge urmatoarele etape.

International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 2000

This paper presents a successful knowledge acquisition experiment in which subject matter experts... more This paper presents a successful knowledge acquisition experiment in which subject matter experts that did not have any prior knowledge engineering experience succeeded to teach the Disciple-COA agent how to critique courses of action, a challenge problem addressed by the DARPA's High Performance Knowledge Bases program. We first present the COA challenge problem and the architecture of Disciple-COA, a learning agent shell from the Disciple family. Then we present the knowledge acquisition experiment, detailing both the expert-Disciple interactions, and the automatic knowledge base development processes that take place as a result of these interactions. The results of this experiment provide strong evidence that the Disciple approach is a viable solution to the knowledge acquisition bottleneck.

Journal of Software, 2008

This paper presents an approach to rapid development of virtual planning experts that can collabo... more This paper presents an approach to rapid development of virtual planning experts that can collaborate to develop plans of action requiring expertise from multiple domains. The approach is implemented into a new type of software tool, called Disciple-VPT, which includes an extensible library of virtual planning experts from different domains. Teams of such virtual experts can be rapidly assembled from the library to generate complex plans of actions that require their joint expertise.

One way to identify new and promising directions for Machine Learning research is to define an im... more One way to identify new and promising directions for Machine Learning research is to define an important challenge problem that has broad applicability, and then to identify what kind of machine learning capabilities are required to solve it. This paper introduces a great challenge problem, developing agents by typical computer users, that has far reaching consequences on our society, and raises several Machine Learning research issues from a different paradigm than that used in current Machine Learning research. The paper identifies these issues and extends them to general research directions for Machine Learning. It also presents some preliminary results on approaching the challenge problem and these issues, in order to support their feasability.

This paper presents current results in developing a practical approach, methodology and tool, for... more This paper presents current results in developing a practical approach, methodology and tool, for the development of knowledge bases and agents by subject matter experts, with limited assistance from knowledge engineers. This approach is based on mixed-initiative reasoning that integrates the complementary knowledge and reasoning styles of a subject matter expert and a learning agent, and on a division of responsibilities for those elements of knowledge engineering for which they have the most aptitude. The approach was evaluated at the US Army War College, demonstrating very good results and a high potential for overcoming the knowledge acquisition bottleneck.

Ai Magazine, 2001

In his invited talk at the 1993 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edward Feigenbaum... more In his invited talk at the 1993 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edward Feigenbaum compared the technology of a knowledge based computer system with a tiger in a cage. Rarely does a technology arise that offers such a wide range of important benefits. Yet, this technology is still very far from achieving its potential. This tiger is in a cage and to free it the Artificial Intelligence research community must understand and remove the bars of the cage.

We are addressing the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the development of knowledge-based syst... more We are addressing the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the development of knowledge-based systems by elaborating the Disciple theory and methodology that enables subject matter experts to build such systems by themselves, with limited assistance from ...

The research problem addressed in this paper is the development of knowledge bases and knowledge ... more The research problem addressed in this paper is the development of knowledge bases and knowledge based agents by a subject matter expert that does not have knowledge engineering experience and receives limited support from a knowledge engineer. One possible solution to this problem is provided by the mixed-initiative Disciple approach where an expert teaches a learning agent while solving problems in cooperation. Disciple synergistically integrates the complementary human and automated reasoning to take advantage of their respective knowledge, reasoning styles and computational strengths. The general strategy behind the Disciple approach is to replace the difficult knowledge engineering tasks required to build a knowledge base, tasks that cannot be performed by a subject matter expert, with simpler tasks that can be performed by the expert. The teaching process is illustrated with examples involving the Disciple workaround agent that is able to plan how a convoy of military vehicles can work around obstacles in their path.

Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009

A new synthesis scheme for the formation of porous CeO 2 /Pt-polycarbosilane composites using inv... more A new synthesis scheme for the formation of porous CeO 2 /Pt-polycarbosilane composites using inverse microemulsions is presented. Aqueous hexachloroplatinic acid was used as a hydrosilylation catalyst causing crosslinking of allyl groups in a liquid polycarbosilane (PCS). The resulting polymers are temperature stable and highly porous. The Pt catalyst content and post-treatment of the polymer can be used to adjust the porosity. For the first time hydrophobic polymers with specific surface areas up to 896 m 2 /g were obtained by catalytic crosslinking of polycarbosilanes. Ceria nanoparticles 2-3 nm in diameter are well dispersed in the PCS matrix as proven using high resolution electron microscopy. Porosity of the hydrophobic materials could be increased up to 992 m 2 /g by adding divinylbenzene in the oil phase. Pyrolyses at 1200-1500 C and post-oxidative treatment at various temperatures produce porous ceramic structures with surface areas up to 423 m 2 /g. X-Ray diffration investigations show that the crystallinity of the SiC matrix can be controlled by the pyrolysis temperature. Post-oxidative treatments cause silicon oxycarbide formation. Structure and morphology of the polymeric and ceramic composites were investigated using 29 Si MAS NMR, FESEM, FT-IR and EDX techniques. The temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) of methane shows a high catalytic activity of CeO 2 / Pt-SiC(O) composites lowering the onset in the TPO to 400-500 C.

ABSTRACT Over the years we have researched a computational theory and technology that allows regu... more ABSTRACT Over the years we have researched a computational theory and technology that allows regular computer users who are not knowledge engineers to develop intelligent agents that incorporate their problem solving expertise [1--7]. This resulted in a series of increasingly more powerful Disciple cognitive agents that integrate several complementary capabilities. They are able to learn, directly from their users, their subject matter expertise, which currently takes years to establish, is lost when experts separate from service, and is costly to replace. They can assist their users in solving complex problems in uncertain and dynamic environments, and they can tutor students in expert problem solving. Disciple agents have been developed for a wide variety of domains, including manufacturing [1], education [2], course of action critiquing [3], center of gravity determination [4, 5], and intelligence analysis [6]. The most recent Disciple agents incorporate a significant amount of generic knowledge from the Science of Evidence, allowing them to teach and help their users in discovering and evaluating evidence and hypotheses, through the development of Wigmorean probabilistic inference networks that link evidence to hypotheses in argumentation structures that establish the relevance, believability and inferential force of evidence [7].

In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.V... more In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.Vom parcurge urmatoarele etape.

In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.V... more In urmatoarele randuri vom vorbi despre doua structuri de date abstracte si anume stiva sicoada.Vom parcurge urmatoarele etape.