Mohammed Mares - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohammed Mares

Journal of Animal Science and Technology

The epidemiology of parasite infection in local and imported breeds is quite an essential topic i... more The epidemiology of parasite infection in local and imported breeds is quite an essential topic in the meat industry and human health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in local sheep breeds (Naemi, Najdi, and Harri) and imported breeds from Romania (Romani breed) and the epidemiology of the infection in Saudi Arabia. Morphological description, the relationship between dicrocoeliasis and sex, age, and histological changes were also presented. A total of 6845 slaughtered sheep at Riyadh Automated slaughterhouse were investigated and followed up for 4 months between 2020-2021. It included 4680 local breeds and 2165 imported Romanian breeds. Fecal samples and livers and gallbladders from slaughtered animals were examined for apparent pathological lesions. The results indicated that the infection rate in slaughtered animals was 10.6% in imported Romani sheep and 0.9% in the local Naeimi breed. After identifying the parasite morphologically, negative results were obtained from examining feces, gallbladders, and livers of Najdi and Harry sheep breeds. The mean number of eggs per 20 µl/gallbladder

Indian Journal of Animal Research

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a cyclophyllid cestode parasite that lives as an adult in ... more Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a cyclophyllid cestode parasite that lives as an adult in the intestine of canids and is the most common cause of hydatidosis in ruminants (intermediate hosts). It also offers a public health risk because of the possibility of human infection. The incorrect disposal of dead animals, access of farm dogs to the internal organs of sheep and grazing in areas with wayward dogs are the most common production methods that might increase the risk of sheep being exposed to hydatidosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural spread of E. granulosus infection in wayward dogs, as well as the sterility and fertility rates of hydatid cysts in herbivores of Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). Methods: Fecal samples from 150 dogs were collected from several locations in Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia) where livestock rearing takes place and the existence of wayward and semi-feral canines from August 2021 to February 2022. Parasitic eggs were recovered from feca...

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This st... more Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups that received distilled water and ECE, respectively; subsequent three groups were infected with 106 P. chabaudi parasitized erythrocytes; the last two groups were infected with the parasite and then treated with ECE and chloroquine. On day 8 post-infection, the parasite count increased inside erythrocytes (59.4% parasitemia in the infected group). Parasitemia was successfully reduced to 9.4% upon ECE treatment. Phytochemical screening using GC mass spectrometry revealed that ECE contained 23 phytochemical components. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ECE were 104 ± 2 and 7.1± 3 µg/mL, respectively, with 57.2% antioxidant activity. ECE ame...

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This st... more Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups that received distilled water and ECE, respectively; subsequent three groups were infected with 106 P. chabaudi parasitized erythrocytes; the last two groups were infected with the parasite and then treated with ECE and chloroquine. On day 8 post-infection, the parasite count increased inside erythrocytes (59.4% parasitemia in the infected group). Parasitemia was successfully reduced to 9.4% upon ECE treatment. Phytochemical screening using GC mass spectrometry revealed that ECE contained 23 phytochemical components. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ECE were 104 ± 2 and 7.1± 3 µg/mL, respectively, with 57.2% antioxidant activity. ECE ame...

Microbial Pathogenesis, 2021

The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value.... more The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value. Little information is available about its parasitic infections. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as sequencing and analysis of the partial regions of the ITS-1, 18S rRNA, COX1 genes, were employed for the systematic evaluation of a nematode parasite, which it first isolated from L. equulus in Jeddah Province, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Results revealed that this nematode parasite closely resembles the previously described Cucullanus bulbosus. Microscopic examination showed that it distinguished from congeners by the unique structure of hemispherical elevation at pseudobuccal capsule level, the ratio of esophagus/body length, spicules size, presence of pre-cloacal sucker, rod-shaped gubernaculum, and the arrangement of caudal papillae in males. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-1, 18S rRNA, and COX1 gene regions were constructed to investigate phylogenetic relationships between this parasite species and other related taxa. Results supported that Cucullanus bulbosus resembles a sister of Cucullanus genypteri, Cucullanus pulcherrimus, Cucullanus bourdini, Cucullanus extraneus, and Cucullanus hainanensis by using different genetic markers. This study provides more information about combining morphological and molecular data to identify Cucullanus species with the first natural occurrence in the common ponyfish inhabited in Saudi Arabia.

Microbial Pathogenesis, 2021

The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value.... more The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value. Little information is available about its parasitic infections. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as sequencing and analysis of the partial regions of the ITS-1, 18S rRNA, COX1 genes, were employed for the systematic evaluation of a nematode parasite, which it first isolated from L. equulus in Jeddah Province, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Results revealed that this nematode parasite closely resembles the previously described Cucullanus bulbosus. Microscopic examination showed that it distinguished from congeners by the unique structure of hemispherical elevation at pseudobuccal capsule level, the ratio of esophagus/body length, spicules size, presence of pre-cloacal sucker, rod-shaped gubernaculum, and the arrangement of caudal papillae in males. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-1, 18S rRNA, and COX1 gene regions were constructed to investigate phylogenetic relationships between this parasite species and other related taxa. Results supported that Cucullanus bulbosus resembles a sister of Cucullanus genypteri, Cucullanus pulcherrimus, Cucullanus bourdini, Cucullanus extraneus, and Cucullanus hainanensis by using different genetic markers. This study provides more information about combining morphological and molecular data to identify Cucullanus species with the first natural occurrence in the common ponyfish inhabited in Saudi Arabia.

Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2020

Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasi... more Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α‐mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti‐oxidant and the anti‐inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi‐induced spleen injury.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Malaria is a dangerous disease affecting millions around the globe. Biosynthesized nanoparticles ... more Malaria is a dangerous disease affecting millions around the globe. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are used against a variety of diseases including malaria worldwide. Here, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the leaf extracts of Indigofera oblongifolia have been used in the treatment of mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi to evaluate the expression of iron regulatory genes in the spleen. Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the expected classes of compounds in the extract. AgNPs were able to decrease the parasitemia nearly similar to the used reference drug, chloroquine. In addition, AgNPs significantly decreased the spleen index after infection. Moreover, the iron distribution was increased after the treatment. Finally, AgNPs could regulate the mice spleen iron regulatory genes, Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (Hamp). Taken together, our findings indicate that AgNPs have antimalarial activity and can control the state of iron in spleen. We need further investigations to determine mechanisms of action of the AgNPs.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2020

Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and infection affecting most do... more Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and infection affecting most domestic animal species. The aim of this research was to comprehend the impact of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillata in mouse jejunum, and how they work as antioxidants and antiapoptotic agents against eimeriosis. The numbers of meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts of E. papillata reduced after the infected mice were treated with the SeNPs. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and other oxidative stress-related molecules, such as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were assayed. E. papillata was able to change the redox status of the jejunal cells; this was confi rmed by the elevation of the MDA and NO levels, and the decrease of the GSH levels and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD. SeNP treatment signifi cantly reversed this disturbance of the redox status. The expression levels of the apoptotic markers Bax and caspase-3 in the jejunal samples were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The SeNPs decreased the Bax and caspase-3 expression after being administered to the E. papillata-infected mice. Collectively, the SeNPs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities against murine eimeriosis.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing... more Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing attention for malaria that considered being one of the foremost hazardous diseases. In this study, Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy. We investigated the antiplasmodial and hepatoprotective effects of AgNPs against Plasmodium chabaudi-induced infection in mice. Treatment of the infected mice with 50 mg/kg AgNPs for seven days caused a significant decrease in parasitemia and reduced the histopatholoical changes in the liver, as indicated by Ishak's histology index. Further, the AgNPs alleviated the oxidative damage in the liver infected with P. chabaudi. This was evidenced by the changed levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and glutathione, as well as increased catalase activity after treatment with AgNPs. In addition, levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased after treatment. Moreover, the findings showed the efficiency of AgNPs in improving the infected mice's erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin content. Generally, our results reported that AgNPs possess antiplasmodial and hepatoprotective properties.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2016

Nosema sp. is recorded in Saudi Arabia for the first time, in adult Apis mellifera collected from... more Nosema sp. is recorded in Saudi Arabia for the first time, in adult Apis mellifera collected from apiaries in Riyadh city. Samples of 100 workers were collected and examined for the infection with Nosema sp. 5% of the bees were found positively infected with Nosema sp. Spores were oval to elliptical shaped and measuring 6.4 (5.0-7.0) lm in length, 3.4 (3.0-4.5) lm in width. The conclusive identification of the present Nosema species will preclude until further ultrastructure and molecular studies. The present study concluded that intensive surveys are prerequisite to identify the species of Nosema and to estimate their distribution and prevalence in different regions of Saudi Arabia.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2020

Abstract Eimerian parasites are the main intestinal tract pathogens in many animals, which invade... more Abstract Eimerian parasites are the main intestinal tract pathogens in many animals, which invade and damage the intestinal epithelium causing severe injuries and economic loss. Our study was planned to examine the ameliorative effect of Rumex nervosus leaf extracts (RNE) against Eimeria tenella-induced changes in caecal goblet cells and cytokines of chickens. The infected chickens with E. tenella were treated with 50, 100, 200 mg/Kg RNE, respectively. Amprolium was used as a reference drug. Our result showed that RNE contained 8 phytochemical components that were able to decrease the number of oocysts in bird’s faeces. Also, the number of goblet cells was decreased after infection. This number was increased after RNE treatment. In addition, RNE caused upregulation of the mucin gene, MUC2 after E. tenella infection. Moreover, the infection caused upregulation in the inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL 6, INF-γ and LiTAF. This increase in mRNA expression of IL1β, IL 6, INF-γ and LiTAF was about 5, 5.6, 4 and 5.8 fold, respectively. Collectively, R. nervosus is a promising medicinal plant with anticoccidial, and anti-inflammatory properties and could be used for the treatment of eimeriosis.

Letters in Applied Microbiology

Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasi... more Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α‐mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti‐oxidant and the anti‐inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi‐induced spleen injury.

Journal of Animal Science and Technology

The epidemiology of parasite infection in local and imported breeds is quite an essential topic i... more The epidemiology of parasite infection in local and imported breeds is quite an essential topic in the meat industry and human health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in local sheep breeds (Naemi, Najdi, and Harri) and imported breeds from Romania (Romani breed) and the epidemiology of the infection in Saudi Arabia. Morphological description, the relationship between dicrocoeliasis and sex, age, and histological changes were also presented. A total of 6845 slaughtered sheep at Riyadh Automated slaughterhouse were investigated and followed up for 4 months between 2020-2021. It included 4680 local breeds and 2165 imported Romanian breeds. Fecal samples and livers and gallbladders from slaughtered animals were examined for apparent pathological lesions. The results indicated that the infection rate in slaughtered animals was 10.6% in imported Romani sheep and 0.9% in the local Naeimi breed. After identifying the parasite morphologically, negative results were obtained from examining feces, gallbladders, and livers of Najdi and Harry sheep breeds. The mean number of eggs per 20 µl/gallbladder

Indian Journal of Animal Research

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a cyclophyllid cestode parasite that lives as an adult in ... more Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a cyclophyllid cestode parasite that lives as an adult in the intestine of canids and is the most common cause of hydatidosis in ruminants (intermediate hosts). It also offers a public health risk because of the possibility of human infection. The incorrect disposal of dead animals, access of farm dogs to the internal organs of sheep and grazing in areas with wayward dogs are the most common production methods that might increase the risk of sheep being exposed to hydatidosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural spread of E. granulosus infection in wayward dogs, as well as the sterility and fertility rates of hydatid cysts in herbivores of Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). Methods: Fecal samples from 150 dogs were collected from several locations in Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia) where livestock rearing takes place and the existence of wayward and semi-feral canines from August 2021 to February 2022. Parasitic eggs were recovered from feca...

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This st... more Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups that received distilled water and ECE, respectively; subsequent three groups were infected with 106 P. chabaudi parasitized erythrocytes; the last two groups were infected with the parasite and then treated with ECE and chloroquine. On day 8 post-infection, the parasite count increased inside erythrocytes (59.4% parasitemia in the infected group). Parasitemia was successfully reduced to 9.4% upon ECE treatment. Phytochemical screening using GC mass spectrometry revealed that ECE contained 23 phytochemical components. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ECE were 104 ± 2 and 7.1± 3 µg/mL, respectively, with 57.2% antioxidant activity. ECE ame...

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This st... more Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups that received distilled water and ECE, respectively; subsequent three groups were infected with 106 P. chabaudi parasitized erythrocytes; the last two groups were infected with the parasite and then treated with ECE and chloroquine. On day 8 post-infection, the parasite count increased inside erythrocytes (59.4% parasitemia in the infected group). Parasitemia was successfully reduced to 9.4% upon ECE treatment. Phytochemical screening using GC mass spectrometry revealed that ECE contained 23 phytochemical components. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ECE were 104 ± 2 and 7.1± 3 µg/mL, respectively, with 57.2% antioxidant activity. ECE ame...

Microbial Pathogenesis, 2021

The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value.... more The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value. Little information is available about its parasitic infections. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as sequencing and analysis of the partial regions of the ITS-1, 18S rRNA, COX1 genes, were employed for the systematic evaluation of a nematode parasite, which it first isolated from L. equulus in Jeddah Province, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Results revealed that this nematode parasite closely resembles the previously described Cucullanus bulbosus. Microscopic examination showed that it distinguished from congeners by the unique structure of hemispherical elevation at pseudobuccal capsule level, the ratio of esophagus/body length, spicules size, presence of pre-cloacal sucker, rod-shaped gubernaculum, and the arrangement of caudal papillae in males. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-1, 18S rRNA, and COX1 gene regions were constructed to investigate phylogenetic relationships between this parasite species and other related taxa. Results supported that Cucullanus bulbosus resembles a sister of Cucullanus genypteri, Cucullanus pulcherrimus, Cucullanus bourdini, Cucullanus extraneus, and Cucullanus hainanensis by using different genetic markers. This study provides more information about combining morphological and molecular data to identify Cucullanus species with the first natural occurrence in the common ponyfish inhabited in Saudi Arabia.

Microbial Pathogenesis, 2021

The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value.... more The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value. Little information is available about its parasitic infections. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as sequencing and analysis of the partial regions of the ITS-1, 18S rRNA, COX1 genes, were employed for the systematic evaluation of a nematode parasite, which it first isolated from L. equulus in Jeddah Province, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Results revealed that this nematode parasite closely resembles the previously described Cucullanus bulbosus. Microscopic examination showed that it distinguished from congeners by the unique structure of hemispherical elevation at pseudobuccal capsule level, the ratio of esophagus/body length, spicules size, presence of pre-cloacal sucker, rod-shaped gubernaculum, and the arrangement of caudal papillae in males. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-1, 18S rRNA, and COX1 gene regions were constructed to investigate phylogenetic relationships between this parasite species and other related taxa. Results supported that Cucullanus bulbosus resembles a sister of Cucullanus genypteri, Cucullanus pulcherrimus, Cucullanus bourdini, Cucullanus extraneus, and Cucullanus hainanensis by using different genetic markers. This study provides more information about combining morphological and molecular data to identify Cucullanus species with the first natural occurrence in the common ponyfish inhabited in Saudi Arabia.

Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2020

Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasi... more Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α‐mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti‐oxidant and the anti‐inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi‐induced spleen injury.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Malaria is a dangerous disease affecting millions around the globe. Biosynthesized nanoparticles ... more Malaria is a dangerous disease affecting millions around the globe. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are used against a variety of diseases including malaria worldwide. Here, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the leaf extracts of Indigofera oblongifolia have been used in the treatment of mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi to evaluate the expression of iron regulatory genes in the spleen. Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the expected classes of compounds in the extract. AgNPs were able to decrease the parasitemia nearly similar to the used reference drug, chloroquine. In addition, AgNPs significantly decreased the spleen index after infection. Moreover, the iron distribution was increased after the treatment. Finally, AgNPs could regulate the mice spleen iron regulatory genes, Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (Hamp). Taken together, our findings indicate that AgNPs have antimalarial activity and can control the state of iron in spleen. We need further investigations to determine mechanisms of action of the AgNPs.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2020

Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and infection affecting most do... more Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and infection affecting most domestic animal species. The aim of this research was to comprehend the impact of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillata in mouse jejunum, and how they work as antioxidants and antiapoptotic agents against eimeriosis. The numbers of meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts of E. papillata reduced after the infected mice were treated with the SeNPs. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and other oxidative stress-related molecules, such as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were assayed. E. papillata was able to change the redox status of the jejunal cells; this was confi rmed by the elevation of the MDA and NO levels, and the decrease of the GSH levels and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD. SeNP treatment signifi cantly reversed this disturbance of the redox status. The expression levels of the apoptotic markers Bax and caspase-3 in the jejunal samples were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The SeNPs decreased the Bax and caspase-3 expression after being administered to the E. papillata-infected mice. Collectively, the SeNPs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities against murine eimeriosis.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing... more Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing attention for malaria that considered being one of the foremost hazardous diseases. In this study, Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy. We investigated the antiplasmodial and hepatoprotective effects of AgNPs against Plasmodium chabaudi-induced infection in mice. Treatment of the infected mice with 50 mg/kg AgNPs for seven days caused a significant decrease in parasitemia and reduced the histopatholoical changes in the liver, as indicated by Ishak's histology index. Further, the AgNPs alleviated the oxidative damage in the liver infected with P. chabaudi. This was evidenced by the changed levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and glutathione, as well as increased catalase activity after treatment with AgNPs. In addition, levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased after treatment. Moreover, the findings showed the efficiency of AgNPs in improving the infected mice's erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin content. Generally, our results reported that AgNPs possess antiplasmodial and hepatoprotective properties.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2016

Nosema sp. is recorded in Saudi Arabia for the first time, in adult Apis mellifera collected from... more Nosema sp. is recorded in Saudi Arabia for the first time, in adult Apis mellifera collected from apiaries in Riyadh city. Samples of 100 workers were collected and examined for the infection with Nosema sp. 5% of the bees were found positively infected with Nosema sp. Spores were oval to elliptical shaped and measuring 6.4 (5.0-7.0) lm in length, 3.4 (3.0-4.5) lm in width. The conclusive identification of the present Nosema species will preclude until further ultrastructure and molecular studies. The present study concluded that intensive surveys are prerequisite to identify the species of Nosema and to estimate their distribution and prevalence in different regions of Saudi Arabia.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2020

Abstract Eimerian parasites are the main intestinal tract pathogens in many animals, which invade... more Abstract Eimerian parasites are the main intestinal tract pathogens in many animals, which invade and damage the intestinal epithelium causing severe injuries and economic loss. Our study was planned to examine the ameliorative effect of Rumex nervosus leaf extracts (RNE) against Eimeria tenella-induced changes in caecal goblet cells and cytokines of chickens. The infected chickens with E. tenella were treated with 50, 100, 200 mg/Kg RNE, respectively. Amprolium was used as a reference drug. Our result showed that RNE contained 8 phytochemical components that were able to decrease the number of oocysts in bird’s faeces. Also, the number of goblet cells was decreased after infection. This number was increased after RNE treatment. In addition, RNE caused upregulation of the mucin gene, MUC2 after E. tenella infection. Moreover, the infection caused upregulation in the inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL 6, INF-γ and LiTAF. This increase in mRNA expression of IL1β, IL 6, INF-γ and LiTAF was about 5, 5.6, 4 and 5.8 fold, respectively. Collectively, R. nervosus is a promising medicinal plant with anticoccidial, and anti-inflammatory properties and could be used for the treatment of eimeriosis.

Letters in Applied Microbiology

Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasi... more Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α‐mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti‐oxidant and the anti‐inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi‐induced spleen injury.