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Papers by Margarita Skamantzari
Communications in computer and information science, Dec 31, 2022
2017 9th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games)
Serious Games applications are implemented in many scientific fields including cultural heritage.... more Serious Games applications are implemented in many scientific fields including cultural heritage. Virtual museums mainly utilise game technologies for the provision of a means for digital representation of the cultural heritage sites. Many such applications and projects were developed in recent years. In this paper, the development of an application of a virtual museum for the Stoa of Attalos in Athens is presented. The application allows the user to split the visit in two sections. The first one concerns the exhibits of the Stoa of Attalos and the second one focuses on a specialized part of the museum, a shop of the Stoa which conveys the information about the wine production and trade routes in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. The 3D models used in the application were created with automated image based reconstruction method in order to present them as realistically as possible to the virtual visitor.
Procedia Structural Integrity
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2021
Modern technological advances have enabled digital automated methods to be applied for accurate a... more Modern technological advances have enabled digital automated methods to be applied for accurate and detailed documentation. Such techniques include image based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. They can easily be adapted to perfectly suit the documentation needs for small and large objects. In this paper the digital geometric documentation of two medieval fortifications using such contemporary methods is briefly described. These are the western part of the Castle of Chios and an important part of the medieval Rhodes fortifications. The purpose of the geometric documentation for both cases was the restoration of these parts, hence detailed documentation was necessary. Conventional two-dimensional plans with digital orthophotographs were produced and from them conventional line drawings were required for the case of Chios castle. Both castle parts included cylindrical bastions, whose projection on two dimensional plans is obviously deformed. Such non-planar parts constitute a ...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2021
Virtual Archaeology Review, 2020
Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough stud... more Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Archaeologists and conservation experts are very reluctant to proceed to restoration and indeed to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is practically prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two such examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestri...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019
International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science, 2017
In the cultural heritage field, many Serious Games applications have been developed whose goal is... more In the cultural heritage field, many Serious Games applications have been developed whose goal is to educate players and users not particularly specialized or familiar with this field. On the other hand, 3D models of cultural heritage objects created with precise 3D modelling methods can be a very useful asset for these applications. In this paper a composite Serious Game for the Stoa of Attalos, a prominent monument in the Ancient Athens Agora, is developed and presented. 3D models are used, which were produced mainly with automated image based modelling techniques. The creation of the 3D models is described and presented along with the development of the application, which offers three options for the player. These options are: a quiz game, a 3D visual quiz and a virtual museum. The user interaction is described and, based on an evaluation questionnaire, the application is assessed by a group of people in the Cultural Heritage field.
Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2017
Recent advances in contemporary technologies have greatly affected everyday life. In the field of... more Recent advances in contemporary technologies have greatly affected everyday life. In the field of cultural heritage, ICT (Information Communication Technologies) have enabled applications for the thorough multi-dimensional geometric documentation and consequently for the realistic visualization of monuments and artifacts. At the same time the driving force of technology is the game industry. Games and especially Serious Games can be put at the service of cultural heritage, education and tourism exploiting the aforementioned advances and especially the textured three dimensional models. They constitute an attractive platform enabling people to get acquainted with the heritage treasures and get motivated to visit the place and admire the treasures live. In this paper this technological merger is explained and three interconnected applications are presented in order to prove the concept through these implementations. They concern the development of Serious Games for an archaeological site, which aim at the trivial or more specialized information dissemination about that site, while familiarizing the prospect visitor with the environment and the monuments of the site offering the possibility of virtually visiting them. Moreover the development of a virtual museum within a game development environment is presented, which provides the possibility to learn about each exhibit, but also it offers the opportunity to the user to closely examine the exhibits through rotating their three dimensional models. All these examples use realistic models produced for documentation purposes, which convey the real impression of the monuments visualized to the user.
2016 8th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES), 2016
In the field of Cultural Heritage there are many Serious Games applications. 3D models of cultura... more In the field of Cultural Heritage there are many Serious Games applications. 3D models of cultural heritage objects created with 3D modelling methods preserving realism and detail can be a very useful tool for Serious Games if exploited correctly and suitably. In this paper a composite SG application is developed and presented using such realistic 3D models produced by Geomatics techniques. The construction of these 3D models is presented along with the application, which consists of three different options for the user: A virtual navigation to the site with some questions, a visit to the museum of a monument and an educational quiz game concerning the architectural reconstruction of this monument.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The interest in the development of virtual museums is nowadays rising rapidly. During the last de... more The interest in the development of virtual museums is nowadays rising rapidly. During the last decades there have been numerous efforts concerning the 3D digitization of cultural heritage and the development of virtual museums, digital libraries and serious games. The realistic result has always been the main concern and a real challenge when it comes to 3D modelling of monuments, artifacts and especially sculptures. This paper implements, investigates and evaluates the results of the photogrammetric methods and 3D surveys that were used for the development of a virtual museum. Moreover, the decisions, the actions, the methodology and the main elements that this kind of application should include and take into consideration are described and analysed. It is believed that the outcomes of this application will be useful to researchers who are planning to develop and further improve the attempts made on virtual museums and mass production of 3D models.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2018
ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2020
Abstract. The interest in the documentation and enhancement of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH)... more Abstract. The interest in the documentation and enhancement of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) is rising rapidly over the last decades. This has happened especially due to the significant technological advances, which have enabled the digital data acquisition in the hostile underwater environment. Numerous efforts have been made so far concerning the 3D digitisation and promotion of the UCH using photogrammetric methods and 3D surveys in order on one hand to document the site and on the other to develop virtual and augmented reality applications and make this part of the hidden cultural heritage accessible to people with difficulties to reach it. This paper presents the methodology, the actions and decisions that were taken for the geometric documentation, study, promotion and enhancement of the remains of a roman villa located at Agios Vlassis, in Ancient Epidaurus in Greece. The present effort focuses on the use of low-cost equipment in order to acquire the necessary digital da...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
ISPRS Archives-Volume XLII-2/W11, 2019
Archaeology as a science is based on finding and displaying the remains of the past. In recent ye... more Archaeology as a science is based on finding and displaying the remains of the past. In recent years, with the progress of technology, the science of archeology has been expanding and evolving. Three-dimensional digitization has become an integral part of the archiving, documentation and restoration effort of cultural heritage, offering important benefits in studies for reconstruction and restoration tasks of architectural creations, archaeological sites, historic monuments and objects of art in general. The three-dimensional models are now available for many applications. In this paper such 3D models of two prominent Macedonian tombs in Northern Greece were exploited for their virtual restoration. Virtual restoration of monuments is of special importance to archaeological research, as it provides the necessary tools to investigate alternative solutions to the serious issue of archaeological restoration. These solutions do not interfere with the real monument, thus respecting its value and the international conventions. Digital 3D models have begun to be more beneficial in a science such as archaeology as they offer easy access to both archaeological and geometric information to a wider audience as well as a high degree of interaction possibilities with the user.
Communications in computer and information science, Dec 31, 2022
2017 9th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games)
Serious Games applications are implemented in many scientific fields including cultural heritage.... more Serious Games applications are implemented in many scientific fields including cultural heritage. Virtual museums mainly utilise game technologies for the provision of a means for digital representation of the cultural heritage sites. Many such applications and projects were developed in recent years. In this paper, the development of an application of a virtual museum for the Stoa of Attalos in Athens is presented. The application allows the user to split the visit in two sections. The first one concerns the exhibits of the Stoa of Attalos and the second one focuses on a specialized part of the museum, a shop of the Stoa which conveys the information about the wine production and trade routes in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. The 3D models used in the application were created with automated image based reconstruction method in order to present them as realistically as possible to the virtual visitor.
Procedia Structural Integrity
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2021
Modern technological advances have enabled digital automated methods to be applied for accurate a... more Modern technological advances have enabled digital automated methods to be applied for accurate and detailed documentation. Such techniques include image based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. They can easily be adapted to perfectly suit the documentation needs for small and large objects. In this paper the digital geometric documentation of two medieval fortifications using such contemporary methods is briefly described. These are the western part of the Castle of Chios and an important part of the medieval Rhodes fortifications. The purpose of the geometric documentation for both cases was the restoration of these parts, hence detailed documentation was necessary. Conventional two-dimensional plans with digital orthophotographs were produced and from them conventional line drawings were required for the case of Chios castle. Both castle parts included cylindrical bastions, whose projection on two dimensional plans is obviously deformed. Such non-planar parts constitute a ...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2021
Virtual Archaeology Review, 2020
Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough stud... more Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Archaeologists and conservation experts are very reluctant to proceed to restoration and indeed to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is practically prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two such examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestri...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019
International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science, 2017
In the cultural heritage field, many Serious Games applications have been developed whose goal is... more In the cultural heritage field, many Serious Games applications have been developed whose goal is to educate players and users not particularly specialized or familiar with this field. On the other hand, 3D models of cultural heritage objects created with precise 3D modelling methods can be a very useful asset for these applications. In this paper a composite Serious Game for the Stoa of Attalos, a prominent monument in the Ancient Athens Agora, is developed and presented. 3D models are used, which were produced mainly with automated image based modelling techniques. The creation of the 3D models is described and presented along with the development of the application, which offers three options for the player. These options are: a quiz game, a 3D visual quiz and a virtual museum. The user interaction is described and, based on an evaluation questionnaire, the application is assessed by a group of people in the Cultural Heritage field.
Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2017
Recent advances in contemporary technologies have greatly affected everyday life. In the field of... more Recent advances in contemporary technologies have greatly affected everyday life. In the field of cultural heritage, ICT (Information Communication Technologies) have enabled applications for the thorough multi-dimensional geometric documentation and consequently for the realistic visualization of monuments and artifacts. At the same time the driving force of technology is the game industry. Games and especially Serious Games can be put at the service of cultural heritage, education and tourism exploiting the aforementioned advances and especially the textured three dimensional models. They constitute an attractive platform enabling people to get acquainted with the heritage treasures and get motivated to visit the place and admire the treasures live. In this paper this technological merger is explained and three interconnected applications are presented in order to prove the concept through these implementations. They concern the development of Serious Games for an archaeological site, which aim at the trivial or more specialized information dissemination about that site, while familiarizing the prospect visitor with the environment and the monuments of the site offering the possibility of virtually visiting them. Moreover the development of a virtual museum within a game development environment is presented, which provides the possibility to learn about each exhibit, but also it offers the opportunity to the user to closely examine the exhibits through rotating their three dimensional models. All these examples use realistic models produced for documentation purposes, which convey the real impression of the monuments visualized to the user.
2016 8th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES), 2016
In the field of Cultural Heritage there are many Serious Games applications. 3D models of cultura... more In the field of Cultural Heritage there are many Serious Games applications. 3D models of cultural heritage objects created with 3D modelling methods preserving realism and detail can be a very useful tool for Serious Games if exploited correctly and suitably. In this paper a composite SG application is developed and presented using such realistic 3D models produced by Geomatics techniques. The construction of these 3D models is presented along with the application, which consists of three different options for the user: A virtual navigation to the site with some questions, a visit to the museum of a monument and an educational quiz game concerning the architectural reconstruction of this monument.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The interest in the development of virtual museums is nowadays rising rapidly. During the last de... more The interest in the development of virtual museums is nowadays rising rapidly. During the last decades there have been numerous efforts concerning the 3D digitization of cultural heritage and the development of virtual museums, digital libraries and serious games. The realistic result has always been the main concern and a real challenge when it comes to 3D modelling of monuments, artifacts and especially sculptures. This paper implements, investigates and evaluates the results of the photogrammetric methods and 3D surveys that were used for the development of a virtual museum. Moreover, the decisions, the actions, the methodology and the main elements that this kind of application should include and take into consideration are described and analysed. It is believed that the outcomes of this application will be useful to researchers who are planning to develop and further improve the attempts made on virtual museums and mass production of 3D models.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2018
ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2020
Abstract. The interest in the documentation and enhancement of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH)... more Abstract. The interest in the documentation and enhancement of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) is rising rapidly over the last decades. This has happened especially due to the significant technological advances, which have enabled the digital data acquisition in the hostile underwater environment. Numerous efforts have been made so far concerning the 3D digitisation and promotion of the UCH using photogrammetric methods and 3D surveys in order on one hand to document the site and on the other to develop virtual and augmented reality applications and make this part of the hidden cultural heritage accessible to people with difficulties to reach it. This paper presents the methodology, the actions and decisions that were taken for the geometric documentation, study, promotion and enhancement of the remains of a roman villa located at Agios Vlassis, in Ancient Epidaurus in Greece. The present effort focuses on the use of low-cost equipment in order to acquire the necessary digital da...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
ISPRS Archives-Volume XLII-2/W11, 2019
Archaeology as a science is based on finding and displaying the remains of the past. In recent ye... more Archaeology as a science is based on finding and displaying the remains of the past. In recent years, with the progress of technology, the science of archeology has been expanding and evolving. Three-dimensional digitization has become an integral part of the archiving, documentation and restoration effort of cultural heritage, offering important benefits in studies for reconstruction and restoration tasks of architectural creations, archaeological sites, historic monuments and objects of art in general. The three-dimensional models are now available for many applications. In this paper such 3D models of two prominent Macedonian tombs in Northern Greece were exploited for their virtual restoration. Virtual restoration of monuments is of special importance to archaeological research, as it provides the necessary tools to investigate alternative solutions to the serious issue of archaeological restoration. These solutions do not interfere with the real monument, thus respecting its value and the international conventions. Digital 3D models have begun to be more beneficial in a science such as archaeology as they offer easy access to both archaeological and geometric information to a wider audience as well as a high degree of interaction possibilities with the user.
Η παρούσα ΔΕ παρουσιάζει αναλυτικά τη μεθοδολογία, τα βήματα και τις επιλογές που έγιναν για τη δ... more Η παρούσα ΔΕ παρουσιάζει αναλυτικά τη μεθοδολογία, τα βήματα και τις επιλογές που έγιναν για τη δημιουργία ενός εικονικού μουσείου με την εκμετάλλευση των τρισδιάστατων αποτυπώσεων. Η εφαρμογή αφορά συγκεκριμένα ένα τμήμα της Στοάς του Αττάλου, ενός σημαντικού κτηρίου της Αρχαίας Αγοράς των Αθηνών, το οποίο άκμασε τον 2ο αι. π.Χ. και σήμερα λειτουργεί ως μουσείο. Η Στοά του Αττάλου παρέχει επαρκή χώρο για τη φύλαξη, έρευνα και έκθεση των αντικειμένων, αλλά επιτρέπει επίσης στον επισκέπτη να εκτιμήσει τη λειτουργία και τη μορφή του συνηθισμένου αυτού τύπου αρχαίου δημόσιου κτηρίου.
Αρχικά, προσεγγίζεται και αναλύεται η έννοια του εικονικού μουσείου και περιγράφονται οι σημαντικότεροι σταθμοί στην ιστορία της εξέλιξής του. Παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά οι σημαντικότερες προσπάθειες δημιουργίας ενός τέτοιου μουσείου με τη βοήθεια της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας και των σύγχρονων τεχνολογικών μέσων, αλλά και τα στάδια ανάπτυξης και οι δυνατότητες που παρουσιάζει το εικονικό μουσείο.
Ακόμη, αναλύονται τα σύγχρονα τεχνολογικά μέσα που χρησιμοποιούνται στον πολιτιστικό τομέα, εστιάζοντας κυρίως στην τρισδιάστατη τεχνολογία και τα παραγόμενα ψηφιακά προϊόντα, που προκύπτουν κυρίως κατά την αποτύπωση και ψηφιοποίηση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς.
Στη συνέχεια, αναπτύσσεται η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε και αναλύονται τα βήματα για τη δημιουργία των τρισδιάστατων μοντέλων των εκθεμάτων της Στοάς του Αττάλου, σε περιβάλλον λογισμικού μοντελοποίησης με τη χρήση εικόνων. Περιγράφεται η διαδικασία δημιουργίας και προγραμματισμού του εικονικού περιβάλλοντος και της εικονικής περιήγησης σε κατάλληλο λογισμικό.
Τέλος, η ΔΕ ολοκληρώνεται με την αξιολόγηση των επιμέρους σταδίων και των τελικών προϊόντων της, καθώς και με τη διατύπωση ορισμένων σχολίων που προέκυψαν από την όλη διαδικασία.
Virtual Archaeology Review, 2020
Highlights: Use of contemporary digital methods for the 3D geometric documentation of complex b... more Highlights: Use of contemporary digital methods for the 3D geometric documentation of complex burial structures. Interdisciplinary approach for the implementation of digital techniques for 3D modelling, including 3D terrestrial laser scanning and image-based modelling. Implementation of virtual anastylosis by archaeologists using the 3D models and suitable software. Abstract: Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Archaeologists and conservation experts are very reluctant to proceed to restoration and indeed to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is practically prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two such examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. The reader is introduced to the history and importance-as well as the peculiarities-of the Macedonian tombs. In addition, the two tombs are described in detail mainly from an archaeological point of view The process of field data acquisition and processing to produce the 3D models are described. Simple and more or less standard methods were employed in acquiring the raw data. Processing was carried out using commercial software. The resulting 3D models and other documentation products are assessed for their accuracy and completeness. The decisions for the virtual anastylosis are explained in detail and the actual process is also described. The restored monuments are presented and evaluated by the conservation experts. Thus, it is shown how important virtual anastylosis of monuments is to archaeological researchers, as it enables them to conduct in-depth studies, without actually tampering with the monuments themselves. Digital 3D models are contributing to many disciplines, especially in archaeology, as they enable a wider audience to easily access both archaeological and geometric information as well as offering a high degree of interaction possibilities to the user. Resumen: La restauración arqueológica de monumentos es una práctica que requiere extrema precaución y un estudio exhaustivo. Los arqueólogos y expertos en conservación son muy reacios a proceder a la restauración y, de hecho, a las acciones de reconstrucción sin una consulta detallada y reflexión. Hoy en día, la ejecución de anastilosis sobre el objeto real está prácticamente prohibida. Las tecnologías contemporáneas han proporcionado las herramientas a los arqueólogos y otros expertos en conservación para embarcarse en restauraciones virtuales o anastilosis, probando así varias alternativas sin intervención física en el monumento. De esta manera, los valores de los monumentos se respetan de acuerdo a las convenciones internacionales. En este artículo, se presentan dos ejemplos de anastilosis arqueológicas virtuales de dos tumbas macedonias importantes en el norte de Grecia. Las anastilosis se realizaron en los modelos tridimensionales (3D) que se han producido empleando técnicas modernas de documentación digital en 3D, como el modelado basado en imágenes y el escaneo láser terrestre. Se introduce al lector a la historia y la importancia-así como a las peculiaridades-de las tumbas macedonias. Además, las dos tumbas se describen en detalle desde un punto de vista arqueológico principalmente. Se describe el proceso de toma y procesamiento de datos de campo para producir los modelos 3D. Se emplearon métodos simples y más o menos estándar en la toma de datos crudos. El procesamiento se llevó a cabo utilizando software comercial. Los modelos 3D resultantes y otros productos de documentación se evalúan a partir de su precisión e integridad. Se explican en detalle las decisiones de la anastilosis virtual y también se STAMPOULOGLOU et al., 2020 Virtual Archaeology Review, 11(22): In-press, 2020 2 describe el proceso real. Los monumentos restaurados se presentan y evaluan por los expertos en conservación. Por lo tanto, se muestra cuán importante es la anastilosis virtual de los monumentos para la investigación arqueológica, ya que les permite estudiar los monumentos en profundidad, sin alterar realmente los monumentos mismos. Los modelos digitales en 3D están contribuyendo a muchas disciplinas, especialmente en arqueología en tanto que permiten un fácil acceso a la información arqueológica y geométrica a una audiencia mayor, y altas posibilidades de interacción con el usuario. Palabras clave: documentación 3D; modelado basado en imágenes; escaneado láser terrestre; anastilosis virtual