Maria Briglia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Maria Briglia
Viene analizzata la digestione anaerobica nei suoi aspetti di processo (microbiologici e biochimi... more Viene analizzata la digestione anaerobica nei suoi aspetti di processo (microbiologici e biochimici) ed impiantistici nella prospettiva del trattamento con recupero energetico di rifiuti, scarti e reflui organici di derivazione agricola, urbana ed industriale
La digestione anaerobica di matrici organiche complesse \ue8 qui esaminata nei suoi aspetti micro... more La digestione anaerobica di matrici organiche complesse \ue8 qui esaminata nei suoi aspetti microbiologici e biochimici, sottolineando le particolari relazioni sintrofiche esistenti tra i gruppi microbici (batteri idrolizzanti-fermentanti, batteri acetogenici, batteri metanogeni) coinvolti nella catena trofica metanogenica
Historically, the genus Rhodococcus has encompassed a group of aerobic, nonmotile, gram-positive ... more Historically, the genus Rhodococcus has encompassed a group of aerobic, nonmotile, gram-positive actinomycetes that exhibit considerable morphological diversity, contain mycolic acids, and can be acid fast (18). This genus used to be heterogeneous and included species that contain menaquinone MK-8(H2) and menaquinone MK-9(H2) with eight and nine isoprenoid units, respectively, and one hydrogenated double bond and also contain long-chain mycolic acids with 48 to 66 C atoms. In a subsequent phylogenetic study of this genus in which 16s rRNA sequence data were used, Stackebrandt et al. showed that the species containing menaquinone MK-9( H2) and long-chain mycolic acids with 63 to 69 C atoms clustered together on a phylogenetic tree on a branch that was separate from the branch that contained the other rhodococci (31). Therefore, these species (Rhodococcus bronchialis, Rhodococ- cus terrae, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus, and Rhodococcus sputi) appeared not to belong to the genus Rhodococ...
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1996
A bacterial strain that was able to mineralize 2,4,6-trichloropheno1 was isolated from a chloroph... more A bacterial strain that was able to mineralize 2,4,6-trichloropheno1 was isolated from a chlorophenol-fed percolator and was identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus on the basis of chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16s RNA phylogenetic inference data. This organism (strain MBSl' [T = type strain]) exhibited a typical irregular rod-coccus cycle, and the cells had fimbria-like structures on their surfaces. The diagnostic cell wall amino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the sugars were arabinose and galactose; the mycolic acids contained 46 to 54 carbon atoms. The main menaquinone was MK-S(H,), and MK-9(H2) was a minor component. The cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Tuberculostearic acid was present. The whole-cell fatty acids were straight-chain acids with 14 to 18 C atoms. The G + C content of the DNA
Waste Management & Research, 1989
The disposal problem represented by vegetable-tannery sludge is of great and ever-increasing conc... more The disposal problem represented by vegetable-tannery sludge is of great and ever-increasing concern in Italy. Such sludge is of a highly polluting nature and therefore, requires a reliable and safe treatment to make it harmless before release into the environment. Vegetable-tannery sludge contains some very toxic compounds, mainly polyphenols (i.e. tannins) and sulphides, that are hazardous to biological systems. This paper deals with experiments evaluating the feasibility of vegetable-tannery sludge management and recycling by an integrated composting process. Static windrow technique with forced air and temperature feedback has been adopted for composting a mixture of vegetable-tannery sludge and organic biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) as bulking agent. Physico-chemical, microbiological and phytotoxicological aspects of this compost production from vegetable-tannery sludge are here emphasized along with some technological details.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994
Mineralization of pontachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in non-sterile soil using Rhodococcus chfor... more Mineralization of pontachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in non-sterile soil using Rhodococcus chforophenolicus strain PCP-I. The effect of the inoculum size, concentration of PCP and soil moisture on mineralization of PCP was investigated in two different types of soil. Non-sterile peaty and sandy soils, containing from 30 to 600 ma af PCP kg-' soil drv wt were inoculated to a density of from 500 to IO* R. chloro&nolicus cells g*" ioil.-_ A mass balance of PC&-carbon and chloride in the inoculated soils was made after exposure for 200 days. The products from PCP-mineralized carbon and released chloride were related to the degraded PCP in ~~iy~ontaminat~ soils. The degree of mineralization of PCP responded positively to an increase in the numbers of R ~h~orop~en#~j~ ceIk. The mineral&zing capacity per &o&ant ceI1 was higher (40 fg PCP day-') in soil with 350 and 600 mg PCP kg-' dry wt than in soit with 3Omg PCP kg-' dry wt (4 fg PCP day-'). T&e min~i~tion was similar in soil with a high content of organic matter (30%) to that in mineral soil (I 7% organic matter). The rate of degradation of PCP by indigenous soil microbes in sand and in peat was equivalent to 0,3 and 1 mg PCP kg-' dry wt month-', respectively. This indicates that unforced bioremediation would require years for completion, even at a Iow concentration of PCP pollution. The results also show that more than lo7 active R. chlorophenolicus cells should be applied g-' soil to ensure effective mineralization of PCP in the soil.
Microbial Ecology, 1990
Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1, a mineralizer of polychlorinated phenols, was inoculated into... more Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1, a mineralizer of polychlorinated phenols, was inoculated into natural sandy loam and peaty soils with pentachlorophenol (PCP) at concentrations usually found at lightly and heavily polluted industrial sites (30 to 600 mg PCP/kg). A single inoculum of 10(5) to 10(8) cells per g of peat soil and as little as 500 cells/g sandy soil initiated mineralization of(14)C-PCP. The mineralization rates of PCP were 130 to 250 mg mineralized per kg soil in 4 months in the heavily (600 mg/kg) polluted soils and 13 to 18 mg/kg in the lightly (30 mg/kg) polluted soils. There were no detectable PCP mineralizing organisms in the soils prior to inoculation, and also there was no significant adaptation of the indigenous microbial population to degrade PCP during 4 months observation in the uninoculated soils. The inoculum-induced mineralization continued for longer than 4 months after a single inoculation. Uninoculated, lightly polluted soils (30 mg PCP/kg) also showed loss of PCP, but some of this reappeared as pentachloroanisol and other organic chlorine compounds (EOX). Such products did not accumulate in theR. chlorophenolicus-inoculated soils, where instead EOX was mineralized 90 to 98%.R. chlorophenolicus mineralized PCP unhindered by the substrate competition offered by the PCP-methylating bacteria indigenously occurring in the soils or by simultaneously inoculated O-methylatingR. rhodochrous.
FEMS microbiology …, 1997
A method based on 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR and oligonucleotide probing was developed for detect... more A method based on 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR and oligonucleotide probing was developed for detecting Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1 in soil. The primers and probe were specific for PCP-1 in DNA extracts of three soils. The method allowed for PCP-1 detection in soil with a detection limit of 3 ؋ 10 2 cells per g.
We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16s rRNA gene of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-IT (... more We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16s rRNA gene of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-IT (= DSM 43826T) (T = type strain). Sequence comparisons revealed that there was a close relationship between strain PCP-IT and strains belonging to the genus Mycobucteriurn. The sequence data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which showed that Mycobucteriurn chubuense is the closest relative of strain PCP-IT. We propose that strain PCP-IT should be transferred to the genus Mycobucteriurn and renamed Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-IT comb. nov.
Biodegradation, 1990
The survival of two different pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading bacteria were studied in natural ... more The survival of two different pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading bacteria were studied in natural soil. The PCP-degraders Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus and Flavobacterium sp., both able to mineralize PCP into CO 2 and chloride in axenic culture, were tested for the capacity to survive and degrade PCP in natural soil. These bacteria were immobilized on polyurethane (PUR) foam and introduced into natural peaty soil to give about 109 cells g-~ of soil (dry weight). R. chlorophenolicus induced PCP-degrading activity in soil remained detectable for 200 days whether or not a carbon source was added (distillery waste or wood chips). Electron microscopic investigation performed almost a year after inoculation, revealed the presence of R. chlorophenolicus-like cells in the PUR foam particles. PCP-degrading activity of Flavobacterium sp. declined within 60 days of burial in the soil without enhancing the PCP removal. R. chlorophenolicus degraded PCP in soil at a mean rate of 3.7 mg of PCP day-~ kg-1 of soil, which corresponds to ca. 5 x 10-3 pg of PCP degraded per inoculated R. chlorophenolicus cell day-x. The solvent extractable organic chlorine contents of the soil decreased stoichiometrically (> 95%) with that of PCP indicating that PCP was essentially mineralized.
Viene analizzata la digestione anaerobica nei suoi aspetti di processo (microbiologici e biochimi... more Viene analizzata la digestione anaerobica nei suoi aspetti di processo (microbiologici e biochimici) ed impiantistici nella prospettiva del trattamento con recupero energetico di rifiuti, scarti e reflui organici di derivazione agricola, urbana ed industriale
La digestione anaerobica di matrici organiche complesse \ue8 qui esaminata nei suoi aspetti micro... more La digestione anaerobica di matrici organiche complesse \ue8 qui esaminata nei suoi aspetti microbiologici e biochimici, sottolineando le particolari relazioni sintrofiche esistenti tra i gruppi microbici (batteri idrolizzanti-fermentanti, batteri acetogenici, batteri metanogeni) coinvolti nella catena trofica metanogenica
Historically, the genus Rhodococcus has encompassed a group of aerobic, nonmotile, gram-positive ... more Historically, the genus Rhodococcus has encompassed a group of aerobic, nonmotile, gram-positive actinomycetes that exhibit considerable morphological diversity, contain mycolic acids, and can be acid fast (18). This genus used to be heterogeneous and included species that contain menaquinone MK-8(H2) and menaquinone MK-9(H2) with eight and nine isoprenoid units, respectively, and one hydrogenated double bond and also contain long-chain mycolic acids with 48 to 66 C atoms. In a subsequent phylogenetic study of this genus in which 16s rRNA sequence data were used, Stackebrandt et al. showed that the species containing menaquinone MK-9( H2) and long-chain mycolic acids with 63 to 69 C atoms clustered together on a phylogenetic tree on a branch that was separate from the branch that contained the other rhodococci (31). Therefore, these species (Rhodococcus bronchialis, Rhodococ- cus terrae, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus, and Rhodococcus sputi) appeared not to belong to the genus Rhodococ...
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1996
A bacterial strain that was able to mineralize 2,4,6-trichloropheno1 was isolated from a chloroph... more A bacterial strain that was able to mineralize 2,4,6-trichloropheno1 was isolated from a chlorophenol-fed percolator and was identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus on the basis of chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16s RNA phylogenetic inference data. This organism (strain MBSl' [T = type strain]) exhibited a typical irregular rod-coccus cycle, and the cells had fimbria-like structures on their surfaces. The diagnostic cell wall amino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the sugars were arabinose and galactose; the mycolic acids contained 46 to 54 carbon atoms. The main menaquinone was MK-S(H,), and MK-9(H2) was a minor component. The cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Tuberculostearic acid was present. The whole-cell fatty acids were straight-chain acids with 14 to 18 C atoms. The G + C content of the DNA
Waste Management & Research, 1989
The disposal problem represented by vegetable-tannery sludge is of great and ever-increasing conc... more The disposal problem represented by vegetable-tannery sludge is of great and ever-increasing concern in Italy. Such sludge is of a highly polluting nature and therefore, requires a reliable and safe treatment to make it harmless before release into the environment. Vegetable-tannery sludge contains some very toxic compounds, mainly polyphenols (i.e. tannins) and sulphides, that are hazardous to biological systems. This paper deals with experiments evaluating the feasibility of vegetable-tannery sludge management and recycling by an integrated composting process. Static windrow technique with forced air and temperature feedback has been adopted for composting a mixture of vegetable-tannery sludge and organic biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) as bulking agent. Physico-chemical, microbiological and phytotoxicological aspects of this compost production from vegetable-tannery sludge are here emphasized along with some technological details.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994
Mineralization of pontachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in non-sterile soil using Rhodococcus chfor... more Mineralization of pontachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in non-sterile soil using Rhodococcus chforophenolicus strain PCP-I. The effect of the inoculum size, concentration of PCP and soil moisture on mineralization of PCP was investigated in two different types of soil. Non-sterile peaty and sandy soils, containing from 30 to 600 ma af PCP kg-' soil drv wt were inoculated to a density of from 500 to IO* R. chloro&nolicus cells g*" ioil.-_ A mass balance of PC&-carbon and chloride in the inoculated soils was made after exposure for 200 days. The products from PCP-mineralized carbon and released chloride were related to the degraded PCP in ~~iy~ontaminat~ soils. The degree of mineralization of PCP responded positively to an increase in the numbers of R ~h~orop~en#~j~ ceIk. The mineral&zing capacity per &o&ant ceI1 was higher (40 fg PCP day-') in soil with 350 and 600 mg PCP kg-' dry wt than in soit with 3Omg PCP kg-' dry wt (4 fg PCP day-'). T&e min~i~tion was similar in soil with a high content of organic matter (30%) to that in mineral soil (I 7% organic matter). The rate of degradation of PCP by indigenous soil microbes in sand and in peat was equivalent to 0,3 and 1 mg PCP kg-' dry wt month-', respectively. This indicates that unforced bioremediation would require years for completion, even at a Iow concentration of PCP pollution. The results also show that more than lo7 active R. chlorophenolicus cells should be applied g-' soil to ensure effective mineralization of PCP in the soil.
Microbial Ecology, 1990
Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1, a mineralizer of polychlorinated phenols, was inoculated into... more Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1, a mineralizer of polychlorinated phenols, was inoculated into natural sandy loam and peaty soils with pentachlorophenol (PCP) at concentrations usually found at lightly and heavily polluted industrial sites (30 to 600 mg PCP/kg). A single inoculum of 10(5) to 10(8) cells per g of peat soil and as little as 500 cells/g sandy soil initiated mineralization of(14)C-PCP. The mineralization rates of PCP were 130 to 250 mg mineralized per kg soil in 4 months in the heavily (600 mg/kg) polluted soils and 13 to 18 mg/kg in the lightly (30 mg/kg) polluted soils. There were no detectable PCP mineralizing organisms in the soils prior to inoculation, and also there was no significant adaptation of the indigenous microbial population to degrade PCP during 4 months observation in the uninoculated soils. The inoculum-induced mineralization continued for longer than 4 months after a single inoculation. Uninoculated, lightly polluted soils (30 mg PCP/kg) also showed loss of PCP, but some of this reappeared as pentachloroanisol and other organic chlorine compounds (EOX). Such products did not accumulate in theR. chlorophenolicus-inoculated soils, where instead EOX was mineralized 90 to 98%.R. chlorophenolicus mineralized PCP unhindered by the substrate competition offered by the PCP-methylating bacteria indigenously occurring in the soils or by simultaneously inoculated O-methylatingR. rhodochrous.
FEMS microbiology …, 1997
A method based on 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR and oligonucleotide probing was developed for detect... more A method based on 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR and oligonucleotide probing was developed for detecting Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1 in soil. The primers and probe were specific for PCP-1 in DNA extracts of three soils. The method allowed for PCP-1 detection in soil with a detection limit of 3 ؋ 10 2 cells per g.
We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16s rRNA gene of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-IT (... more We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16s rRNA gene of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-IT (= DSM 43826T) (T = type strain). Sequence comparisons revealed that there was a close relationship between strain PCP-IT and strains belonging to the genus Mycobucteriurn. The sequence data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which showed that Mycobucteriurn chubuense is the closest relative of strain PCP-IT. We propose that strain PCP-IT should be transferred to the genus Mycobucteriurn and renamed Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-IT comb. nov.
Biodegradation, 1990
The survival of two different pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading bacteria were studied in natural ... more The survival of two different pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading bacteria were studied in natural soil. The PCP-degraders Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus and Flavobacterium sp., both able to mineralize PCP into CO 2 and chloride in axenic culture, were tested for the capacity to survive and degrade PCP in natural soil. These bacteria were immobilized on polyurethane (PUR) foam and introduced into natural peaty soil to give about 109 cells g-~ of soil (dry weight). R. chlorophenolicus induced PCP-degrading activity in soil remained detectable for 200 days whether or not a carbon source was added (distillery waste or wood chips). Electron microscopic investigation performed almost a year after inoculation, revealed the presence of R. chlorophenolicus-like cells in the PUR foam particles. PCP-degrading activity of Flavobacterium sp. declined within 60 days of burial in the soil without enhancing the PCP removal. R. chlorophenolicus degraded PCP in soil at a mean rate of 3.7 mg of PCP day-~ kg-1 of soil, which corresponds to ca. 5 x 10-3 pg of PCP degraded per inoculated R. chlorophenolicus cell day-x. The solvent extractable organic chlorine contents of the soil decreased stoichiometrically (> 95%) with that of PCP indicating that PCP was essentially mineralized.