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Papers by Maria Helena Leite Hunziker

Research paper thumbnail of Variabilidade comportamental em humanos: controle por regras ou contingência?

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Research paper thumbnail of Os usos do termo "liberdade" no anarquismo de Bakunin e no behaviorismo radical de Skinner

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Research paper thumbnail of A review of boundary conditions and variables involved in the prevention of return of fear after post-retrieval extinction

Behavioural Processes, May 1, 2019

Experimental evidence suggests that the return of fear may be prevented by post-retrieval extinct... more Experimental evidence suggests that the return of fear may be prevented by post-retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of extinction training after the presentation of a retrieval cue. However, attempts to replicate these findings have yielded mixed results, with some studies showing diminished fear responses after PRE, whereas others show no effect on the return of fear following this procedure. The discrepancies across studies have been interpreted as evidence that there might be conditions under which PRE is not effective (boundary conditions), but these variables have yet to be fully described. We aimed to provide an overview of PRE in humans. We briefly present the theory and research that originated post-retrieval procedures with a focus on the experimental setup used in human studies. We continue with a compilation of possible experimental boundary conditions along with some questions for future research.

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Research paper thumbnail of Propriedades Aversivas Em Contingências De Reforçamento Positivo: Evidências Empíricas

Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, Sep 11, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Interação reforçamento/punição em esquemas LAG-n: Efeitos sobre a variabilidade comportamental

Acta Comportamentalia: Revista Latina de Análisis del Comportamiento, Aug 31, 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar aquisicao e manutencao da variabilidade reforcada positiva... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar aquisicao e manutencao da variabilidade reforcada positivamente, tendo como adicao apresentacao de choque contingente ao padrao nao variavel. Na primeira fase, ratos (n=16) passaram por reforcamento diferencial da variabilidade, tendo o reforco (agua) contingente a emissao de sequencias de quatro respostas a duas barras: o reforco era liberado para sequencia que diferisse das quatro anteriormente emitidas. Para metade dos sujeitos, sequencias que nao atingissem o criterio para reforcamento eram seguidas de extincao (L) e para os demais por um choque eletrico breve e pouco intenso (L+). Na Fase 2, os animais previamente expostos a condicao L foram subdivididos em dois grupos (n=4), sendo um exposto ao procedimento L+ e outro ao procedimento de acoplamento (A+). Na Fase 3, esses animais foram expostos ao L. Conforme resultados, a variabilidade foi adquirida e mantida na condicao L. O choque como consequencia para sequencias “erradas” dificultou levemente a aquisicao da variabilidade, mas interferiu pouco na sua manutencao. Os choques acoplados reduziram a taxa de respostas e a variabilidade comportamental. Nessas condicoes, a variabilidade operante pode ser instalada e mantida sob contingencia diferencial envolvendo punicao e reforcamento positivo. Novas pesquisas sao necessarias para verificar a generalidade desses resultados.

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Research paper thumbnail of Pain can be conditioned to voluntary movements through associative learning: an experimental study in healthy participants

Pain, May 11, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of O patriarcado sob a ótica analítico-comportamental: considerações iniciais

Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, Sep 23, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Negative reinforcement of behavioral variability without previous training with positive reinforcement

Behavioural Processes, 2023

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Research paper thumbnail of Can contingency rehearsal during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training change the effects of post‐retrieval extinction?

Psychophysiology, Nov 18, 2021

Return of fear may be prevented by post‐retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of pre... more Return of fear may be prevented by post‐retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of presenting a stimulus that was present during conditioning (retrieval cue) prior to extinction training. However, recent evidence suggests that there might be circumstances under which PRE is not effective to prevent the return of fear (boundary conditions), but some of these conditions remain unknown. We explored if rehearsing the CS, US or CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE. One day after differential fear conditioning, healthy human participants (n = 83) underwent either standard extinction (control condition, n = 31) or two different PRE procedures, one in which participants rehearsed the CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction (rehearsal condition, n = 25), or another in which they underwent a verbal fluency task directing their attention away from the experimental contingencies during this interval (nonrehearsal condition, n = 27). Return of fear in a reinstatement test was observed in both control and rehearsal conditions, whereas in the nonrehearsal condition there was a generalized increase in response to the CS+ and CS−. Differential response in the rehearsal condition had values slightly smaller than the control group with no significant differences from both control and nonrehearsal conditions. These results suggest that the overt behavior of participants during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE in healthy human participants, but further manipulations of these variables are needed to confirm these findings.

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Research paper thumbnail of Comportamento criativo e análise do comportamento 1: variabilidade comportamental

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Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido em ratos adultos em funcao de experiencias aversivas na infancia

Programa e Resumos, 1996

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Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido e imunizacao com diferentes respostas no treino e teste

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Research paper thumbnail of Efeitos da administracao cronica da ipsapirona sobre o comportamento de ratos tratados previamente com choques incontrolaveis

Programa e Resumos, 1989

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Research paper thumbnail of O desamparo aprendido e a análise funcional da depressão

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Research paper thumbnail of Contribuições das Neurociências para o Estudo do Comportamento Discriminativo1

Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Estudo experimental da depressão

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Research paper thumbnail of A Behavior-Analytic View on Nudges: Individual, Technique, and Ethics

Behavior and Social Issues, Nov 1, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of Distorted distance perception to reachable points in people with chronic shoulder pain

Musculoskeletal science and practice, Jul 1, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral variability as avoidance behavior

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

This study aimed to investigate whether variable patterns of responses can be acquired and mainta... more This study aimed to investigate whether variable patterns of responses can be acquired and maintained by negative reinforcement under an avoidance contingency. Six male Wistar rats were exposed to sessions in which behavioral variability was reinforced according to a Lag contingency: Sequences of three responses on two levers had to differ from one, two or three previous sequences for shocks to be avoided (Lag 1, Lag 2 and Lag 3, respectively). Performance under the Lag conditions was compared with performance on a Yoke condition in which the animals received the same reinforcement frequency and distribution as in the Lag condition but behavioral variability was not required. The results showed that most of the subjects varied their sequences under the Lag contingencies, avoiding shocks with relatively high probability (≥ 0.7). Under the Yoke procedure, responding continued to occur with high probability, but the behavioral variability decreased. These results suggest that behavioral variability can be negatively reinforced.

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Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido, em ratos adultos, como função de experiências aversivas incontroláveis na infância

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Research paper thumbnail of Variabilidade comportamental em humanos: controle por regras ou contingência?

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Os usos do termo "liberdade" no anarquismo de Bakunin e no behaviorismo radical de Skinner

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A review of boundary conditions and variables involved in the prevention of return of fear after post-retrieval extinction

Behavioural Processes, May 1, 2019

Experimental evidence suggests that the return of fear may be prevented by post-retrieval extinct... more Experimental evidence suggests that the return of fear may be prevented by post-retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of extinction training after the presentation of a retrieval cue. However, attempts to replicate these findings have yielded mixed results, with some studies showing diminished fear responses after PRE, whereas others show no effect on the return of fear following this procedure. The discrepancies across studies have been interpreted as evidence that there might be conditions under which PRE is not effective (boundary conditions), but these variables have yet to be fully described. We aimed to provide an overview of PRE in humans. We briefly present the theory and research that originated post-retrieval procedures with a focus on the experimental setup used in human studies. We continue with a compilation of possible experimental boundary conditions along with some questions for future research.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Propriedades Aversivas Em Contingências De Reforçamento Positivo: Evidências Empíricas

Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, Sep 11, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Interação reforçamento/punição em esquemas LAG-n: Efeitos sobre a variabilidade comportamental

Acta Comportamentalia: Revista Latina de Análisis del Comportamiento, Aug 31, 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar aquisicao e manutencao da variabilidade reforcada positiva... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar aquisicao e manutencao da variabilidade reforcada positivamente, tendo como adicao apresentacao de choque contingente ao padrao nao variavel. Na primeira fase, ratos (n=16) passaram por reforcamento diferencial da variabilidade, tendo o reforco (agua) contingente a emissao de sequencias de quatro respostas a duas barras: o reforco era liberado para sequencia que diferisse das quatro anteriormente emitidas. Para metade dos sujeitos, sequencias que nao atingissem o criterio para reforcamento eram seguidas de extincao (L) e para os demais por um choque eletrico breve e pouco intenso (L+). Na Fase 2, os animais previamente expostos a condicao L foram subdivididos em dois grupos (n=4), sendo um exposto ao procedimento L+ e outro ao procedimento de acoplamento (A+). Na Fase 3, esses animais foram expostos ao L. Conforme resultados, a variabilidade foi adquirida e mantida na condicao L. O choque como consequencia para sequencias “erradas” dificultou levemente a aquisicao da variabilidade, mas interferiu pouco na sua manutencao. Os choques acoplados reduziram a taxa de respostas e a variabilidade comportamental. Nessas condicoes, a variabilidade operante pode ser instalada e mantida sob contingencia diferencial envolvendo punicao e reforcamento positivo. Novas pesquisas sao necessarias para verificar a generalidade desses resultados.

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Research paper thumbnail of Pain can be conditioned to voluntary movements through associative learning: an experimental study in healthy participants

Pain, May 11, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of O patriarcado sob a ótica analítico-comportamental: considerações iniciais

Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, Sep 23, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Negative reinforcement of behavioral variability without previous training with positive reinforcement

Behavioural Processes, 2023

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Can contingency rehearsal during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training change the effects of post‐retrieval extinction?

Psychophysiology, Nov 18, 2021

Return of fear may be prevented by post‐retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of pre... more Return of fear may be prevented by post‐retrieval extinction (PRE), a procedure consisting of presenting a stimulus that was present during conditioning (retrieval cue) prior to extinction training. However, recent evidence suggests that there might be circumstances under which PRE is not effective to prevent the return of fear (boundary conditions), but some of these conditions remain unknown. We explored if rehearsing the CS, US or CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE. One day after differential fear conditioning, healthy human participants (n = 83) underwent either standard extinction (control condition, n = 31) or two different PRE procedures, one in which participants rehearsed the CS‐US contingency during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction (rehearsal condition, n = 25), or another in which they underwent a verbal fluency task directing their attention away from the experimental contingencies during this interval (nonrehearsal condition, n = 27). Return of fear in a reinstatement test was observed in both control and rehearsal conditions, whereas in the nonrehearsal condition there was a generalized increase in response to the CS+ and CS−. Differential response in the rehearsal condition had values slightly smaller than the control group with no significant differences from both control and nonrehearsal conditions. These results suggest that the overt behavior of participants during the interval between a retrieval cue and extinction training might change the effects of PRE in healthy human participants, but further manipulations of these variables are needed to confirm these findings.

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Research paper thumbnail of Comportamento criativo e análise do comportamento 1: variabilidade comportamental

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido em ratos adultos em funcao de experiencias aversivas na infancia

Programa e Resumos, 1996

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Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido e imunizacao com diferentes respostas no treino e teste

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Efeitos da administracao cronica da ipsapirona sobre o comportamento de ratos tratados previamente com choques incontrolaveis

Programa e Resumos, 1989

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of O desamparo aprendido e a análise funcional da depressão

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Contribuições das Neurociências para o Estudo do Comportamento Discriminativo1

Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 2016

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Estudo experimental da depressão

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Behavior-Analytic View on Nudges: Individual, Technique, and Ethics

Behavior and Social Issues, Nov 1, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of Distorted distance perception to reachable points in people with chronic shoulder pain

Musculoskeletal science and practice, Jul 1, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral variability as avoidance behavior

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

This study aimed to investigate whether variable patterns of responses can be acquired and mainta... more This study aimed to investigate whether variable patterns of responses can be acquired and maintained by negative reinforcement under an avoidance contingency. Six male Wistar rats were exposed to sessions in which behavioral variability was reinforced according to a Lag contingency: Sequences of three responses on two levers had to differ from one, two or three previous sequences for shocks to be avoided (Lag 1, Lag 2 and Lag 3, respectively). Performance under the Lag conditions was compared with performance on a Yoke condition in which the animals received the same reinforcement frequency and distribution as in the Lag condition but behavioral variability was not required. The results showed that most of the subjects varied their sequences under the Lag contingencies, avoiding shocks with relatively high probability (≥ 0.7). Under the Yoke procedure, responding continued to occur with high probability, but the behavioral variability decreased. These results suggest that behavioral variability can be negatively reinforced.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Desamparo aprendido, em ratos adultos, como função de experiências aversivas incontroláveis na infância

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact