Maria Lopez-Urbina - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Maria Lopez-Urbina

RESUMEN El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de ries... more RESUMEN El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal empleando el diseño epidemiológico de Caso-Control en alpacas del departamento de Puno. El muestreo se realizó durante la temporada de parición, entre los meses de febrero y marzo de 2006. Se recolectaron muestras fecales (n=487) de alpacas entre 1 a 15 días de edad procedentes de las localida-des de Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata y Macusani. Los frotis fecales, fijados previa-mente en metanol, fueron procesados según la técnica de tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Mo-dificado. El 39% (130/336) de los animales con diarrea y el 23% (35/151) de las que estaban sin diarrea fueron positivos a la infección por C. parvum. El análisis de regresión logísti-ca demostró que no hubo relación estadística significativa entre la presencia de Cryptosporidium y la diarrea neonatal en alpacas (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). Por otro lado, dentro de las demás variables en evaluación se determinó que la localidad de La Raya fue estadísticamente significativa (P = 0.046), representando un factor de riesgo para la pre-sentación de diarrea neonatal (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1). ABSTRACT The role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a risk factor for the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea was evaluated using a case-control study design in alpacas from Puno. The study was carried out during the calving season, between February and March 2006. Stool samples (n=487) were collected in alpacas of 1 to 15 days of age in four localities: Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata and Macusani. The faecal smears were processed following the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The 39% (130/336) of alpacas with diarrhea and 23% (35/151) of alpacas without diarrhea were positives to C. parvum infection. The logistic regression showed that this parasite does not represent a risk factor for neonatal diarrhea in the screened animals (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). It was also determined that La Rev Inv Vet Perú 2009; 20 (2): 263-269

Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 2012

El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la... more El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal empleando el diseño epidemiológico de Caso-Control en alpacas del departamento de Puno. El muestreo se realizó durante la temporada de parición, entre los meses de febrero y marzo de 2006. Se recolectaron muestras fecales (n=487) de alpacas entre 1 a 15 días de edad procedentes de las localidades de Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata y Macusani. Los frotis fecales, fijados previamente en metanol, fueron procesados según la técnica de tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado. El 39% (130/336) de los animales con diarrea y el 23% (35/151) de las que estaban sin diarrea fueron positivos a la infección por C. parvum. El análisis de regresión logística demostró que no hubo relación estadística significativa entre la presencia de Cryptosporidium y la diarrea neonatal en alpacas (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). Por otro lado, dentro de las demás variables en evaluación se determinó que la localidad de La Raya fue estadísticamente significativa (P = 0.046), representando un factor de riesgo para la presentación de diarrea neonatal (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1).

Veterinary Parasitology, 2009

Parasitology International, 2016

This report describes the finding of Reighardia sp. (Pentastomida) infecting the air sac of two B... more This report describes the finding of Reighardia sp. (Pentastomida) infecting the air sac of two Belcher's gulls (Larus belcheri) found dead on the beaches of Pucusana, a district in southern Lima, Peru. Three pentastomes were collected from two Belcher's gulls. Then, they were morphologically and molecular analyzed. Molecular characterization of the parasite was achieved by amplifying a fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Based on both morphological and molecular data the pentastomes were identified as pentastomes of the genus Reighardia. This is the first report showing that the Belcher's gull is a new natural definitive host for this pentastome.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2015

To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis. Eighteen naturally inf... more To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis. Eighteen naturally infected cysticercosis pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each. The first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight, the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo (control group). All animals were kept under the same management conditions. The pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between groups. All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their carcasses. In contrast, TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic cysts. Cysts from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after treatment. However, histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of inflammation. TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.

Veterinary Parasitology, 2015

In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus an... more In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and from the omentum of a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) in Peru. Various metacestodes parameters, including rostellar hook characteristics, were measured. Molecular analysis was performed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene from metacestode isolates. Metacestodes were identified as T. hydatigena by morphology and molecular methods. This constitutes the first molecular detection of T. hydatigena metacestodes in the taruca and the red brocket deer and demonstrates that these animal species are natural intermediate hosts for this parasite.

Revista Peruana de Biología, 2008

AscAridiA hermAphroditA en el loro de Cabeza Azúl Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (February 2009)... more AscAridiA hermAphroditA en el loro de Cabeza Azúl Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (February 2009) http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (Febrero 2009) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Ocurrencia de Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Nematode: Ascaridiidae) en el loro de Cabeza Azúl (Pionus menstruus) en Perú

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2014

The present study evaluated the capacity of Ammophorus rubripes beetles to carry Taenia solium eg... more The present study evaluated the capacity of Ammophorus rubripes beetles to carry Taenia solium eggs, in terms of duration and viability of eggs in their digestive system. One hundred beetles were distributed into five polyethylene boxes, and then they were infected with T. solium eggs. Gravid proglottids of T. solium were crushed and then mixed with cattle feces. One gram of this mixture was placed in each box for 24 hours, after which each group of beetles was transferred into a new clean box. Then, five beetles were dissected every three days. Time was strongly associated with viability (r=0.89; P<0.001) and the calculated time to cero viability is 36 days. The eggs in the intestinal system of each beetle were counted and tested for viability. Taenia solium eggs were present in the beetle's digestive system for up to 39 days (13th sampling day out of 20), gradually reducing in numbers and viability, which was 0 on day 36 post-infection. Egg viability was around 40% up to day 24 post-infection, with a median number of eggs of 11 per beetle at this time. Dung beetles may potentially contribute towards dispersing T. solium eggs in endemic areas.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014

Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans. Even though infection and e... more Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans. Even though infection and exposure to swine cysticercosis is scattered throughout endemic villages, location of the tapeworm only explains some of the nearby infections and is not related to location of seropositive pigs. Other players might be involved in cysticercosis transmission. In this study we hypothesize that pigs that carry nematodes specific to dung beetles are associated with cysticercosis infection and/or exposure. We carried out a cross-sectional study of six villages in an endemic region in northern Peru. We euthanized all pigs (326) in the villages and performed necropsies to diagnose cysticercosis. For each pig, we counted cysticerci; measured anti-cysticercus antibodies; identified intestinal nematodes; tabulated distance to nearest human tapeworm infection; and recorded age, sex, productive stage, and geographic reference. For the purpose of this paper, we defined cysticercosis infection as the presence of at least one cysticercus in pig muscles, and cysticercosis exposure as seropositivity to anti-cysticercus antibodies with the presence of 0-5 cysticerci. Compared to pigs without nematode infections, those pigs infected with the nematode Ascarops strongylina were significantly associated with the presence of cysticerci (OR: 4.30, 95%CI: 1.83-10.09). Similarly, pigs infected with the nematode Physocephalus sexalatus were more likely to have cysticercosis exposure (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.50-3.28). In conclusion, our results suggest that there appears to be a strong positive association between the presence of nematodes and both cysticercosis infection and exposure in pigs. The role of dung beetles in cysticercosis dynamics should be further investigated.

Veterinary Parasitology, 2009

Veterinary Parasitology, 2008

The presence of Moniezia expansa (Rud, 1810) Blanchard, 1891, is reported in domestic pig (Sus sc... more The presence of Moniezia expansa (Rud, 1810) Blanchard, 1891, is reported in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758). Four tapeworms were collected and identified as M. expansa. This is the first report of M. expansa collected in a domestic pig in Perú. #

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012

The efficacy of a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of oxfendazole against Fasciola hepatica was evalu... more The efficacy of a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of oxfendazole against Fasciola hepatica was evaluated in a controlled study in naturally infected sheep. Sheep were diagnosed by stool microscopy after sedimentation, and positive animals were randomized to oxfendazole (N = 20) or no treatment (N = 20). A new stool exam was performed 10 days after treatment. All stool microscopies were performed masked to the treatment group. No side effects were noticed. All sheep in the control group remained infected with similar counts of eggs per gram of stools. None of the animals in the treatment group showed Fasciola eggs in stools after 10 days of treatment. A single dose of oxfendazole is highly effective against F. hepatica, providing a new drug alternative for the control of fascioliasis or integrated zoonosis control.

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria, Jan 25, 2016

A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that... more A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that were found in 2 communities in Canchis province, Cuzco region, Peru, at 4500 meters above sea level (Peruvian Andes). The cestodes were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was used as a genetic marker. All the cestodes were identified as Taenia omissa. In the present report, we give a brief description by molecular and morphological diagnosis of the cestodes and compare nucleotide sequences with previous isolates from GenBank. Upon comparison, the sequences showed a difference in the cox1 gene of 5.1 to 5.3% with other teniids sequences. This finding constitutes the first report of T. omissa in Peru and expands the geographic distribution of this parasite.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2015

The Open Parasitology Journal, 2009

A national survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in alpacas 1 to... more A national survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in alpacas 1 to 15 days-old of age (crias) in 105 Andean herds. Stool samples of 5,163 randomly selected crias from 7 representative geographical regions of Peru were screened using acid fast staining microscopy. Ninety percent of ~2.9 milllion Peruvian alpacas are raised in these areas. Data on geographical characteristics and husbandry practices by region were also collected. Prevalence was determined by study areas and by age (five categories set at three-day intervals). Cryptosporidium sp. was detected in crias from all 7 regions. The overall prevalence was 13%, ranging from 7 to 23% per region. Prevalence was 2% in the youngest and showed an increasing trend by age, reaching 20% in crias 12-15 days old. These oldest crias were more likely to have cryptosporidiosis (OR=2.2, p<0.01). Infections with Cryptosporidium were also significantly associated with low availability of grazing grounds and overcrowding at birth (p<0.01). This study demonstrates that Cryptosporidium is a frequent pathogen in Andean alpaca crias, and suggest that cryptosporidiosis may play a significant role in the alpaca neonatal diarrhea complex that causes significant morbidity and mortality among crias.

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinária = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Órgão Oficial do Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária

Infection by the larval form of Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) is common in many areas of Peru. Thi... more Infection by the larval form of Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) is common in many areas of Peru. This is an obligate parasite of sheep and goats, and it is the cause of oestrosis, or nasal myiasis, which can lead to severe clinical manifestations in livestock. A case of myiasis caused by O. ovis in a llama (Lama glama) in Cuzco, Peru, is reported here. This llama presented with respiratory distress and died due to bilateral hemorrhagic pneumonia. During the necropsy, six intact dipterous larvae were recovered from the nasal fossae and cranial sinuses being identified as O. ovis. This is the first report of nasal myiasis in llamas due to O. ovis in Peru.

Parasitology International, 2014

In this study, 352 fecal samples were analyzed for G. duodenalis from alpaca mothers and crias fr... more In this study, 352 fecal samples were analyzed for G. duodenalis from alpaca mothers and crias from three different areas of highland in Peru. The triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene of Giardia was amplified using a nested PCR protocol. Forty-six G. duodenalis-PCR positive samples were sequenced. G. duodenalis assemblage A was the most frequent followed by assemblage E. The former was seen in 37 animals whereas the latter was seen in nine. Most of the assemblage A infections were caused by the A1 subtype of sub-assemblage AI, except for three, which were caused by the A2 subtype of sub-assemblage AI. Assemblage A was found in all three geographic regions, while assemblage E was detected in crias from two regions. Among the four alpaca mothers positive for Giardia, three had assemblage AI and one had assemblage AII. Results of this study indicate that possible zoonotic transmission human to alpacas.

Journal of Parasitology, 2012

Atriotaenia sanmarci n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is described as a parasite of the Andean ... more Atriotaenia sanmarci n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is described as a parasite of the Andean hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus chinga (Carnivora: Mephitidae), from Cusco, Perú . The new species is primarily distinguished from related species by the distribution, and greater number, of testes, i.e., 194-223 versus 40-60 in Atriotaenia sandgroundi ) Baer, 1935 in Atriotaenia procyonis (Chandler, 1942) Spasskii, 1951, and 21-84 in Atriotaenia incisa Railliet, 1899. Also, there are differences with respect to the larger dimensions of suckers (300-371 mm vs. 140 in A. sandgroundi, 83-134 in A. procyonis, 70-140 in A. incisa, and 155-192 in Atriotaenia hastati Vaucher, 1982) and in the cirrus pouch length (204-732 mm vs. 90 in A. sandgroundi, 200-220 in A. procyonis, 100-180 in A. incisa, and 150-205 in A. hastati). The new species differs from A. sandgroundi and A. hastati in having a larger body size (122-133 mm vs. 10.6 and 10, respectively). This cestode is the fifth species of Atriotaenia Sandground, 1926.

Veterinary Record, 2013

FIG 1: (a and b) Affected vicuñas showed skin lesions, mainly affecting internal legs, inguinal z... more FIG 1: (a and b) Affected vicuñas showed skin lesions, mainly affecting internal legs, inguinal zone, and ventral abdomen FIG 2: Severe skin lesions affecting the legs of vicuñas. (a) Carpus showed chronic skin lesion: thick, fissured, lichenified and crusted skin. (b) Axillary area showed thick crusts covering skin group.bmj.com on September 20, 2013 -Published by veterinaryrecord.bmj.com Downloaded from Short Communication Veterinary Record |

RESUMEN El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de ries... more RESUMEN El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal empleando el diseño epidemiológico de Caso-Control en alpacas del departamento de Puno. El muestreo se realizó durante la temporada de parición, entre los meses de febrero y marzo de 2006. Se recolectaron muestras fecales (n=487) de alpacas entre 1 a 15 días de edad procedentes de las localida-des de Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata y Macusani. Los frotis fecales, fijados previa-mente en metanol, fueron procesados según la técnica de tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Mo-dificado. El 39% (130/336) de los animales con diarrea y el 23% (35/151) de las que estaban sin diarrea fueron positivos a la infección por C. parvum. El análisis de regresión logísti-ca demostró que no hubo relación estadística significativa entre la presencia de Cryptosporidium y la diarrea neonatal en alpacas (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). Por otro lado, dentro de las demás variables en evaluación se determinó que la localidad de La Raya fue estadísticamente significativa (P = 0.046), representando un factor de riesgo para la pre-sentación de diarrea neonatal (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1). ABSTRACT The role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a risk factor for the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea was evaluated using a case-control study design in alpacas from Puno. The study was carried out during the calving season, between February and March 2006. Stool samples (n=487) were collected in alpacas of 1 to 15 days of age in four localities: Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata and Macusani. The faecal smears were processed following the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The 39% (130/336) of alpacas with diarrhea and 23% (35/151) of alpacas without diarrhea were positives to C. parvum infection. The logistic regression showed that this parasite does not represent a risk factor for neonatal diarrhea in the screened animals (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). It was also determined that La Rev Inv Vet Perú 2009; 20 (2): 263-269

Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 2012

El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la... more El presente trabajo evaluó en campo el rol del Cryptosporidium parvum como factor de riesgo en la presentación de diarrea neonatal empleando el diseño epidemiológico de Caso-Control en alpacas del departamento de Puno. El muestreo se realizó durante la temporada de parición, entre los meses de febrero y marzo de 2006. Se recolectaron muestras fecales (n=487) de alpacas entre 1 a 15 días de edad procedentes de las localidades de Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata y Macusani. Los frotis fecales, fijados previamente en metanol, fueron procesados según la técnica de tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado. El 39% (130/336) de los animales con diarrea y el 23% (35/151) de las que estaban sin diarrea fueron positivos a la infección por C. parvum. El análisis de regresión logística demostró que no hubo relación estadística significativa entre la presencia de Cryptosporidium y la diarrea neonatal en alpacas (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). Por otro lado, dentro de las demás variables en evaluación se determinó que la localidad de La Raya fue estadísticamente significativa (P = 0.046), representando un factor de riesgo para la presentación de diarrea neonatal (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1).

Veterinary Parasitology, 2009

Parasitology International, 2016

This report describes the finding of Reighardia sp. (Pentastomida) infecting the air sac of two B... more This report describes the finding of Reighardia sp. (Pentastomida) infecting the air sac of two Belcher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s gulls (Larus belcheri) found dead on the beaches of Pucusana, a district in southern Lima, Peru. Three pentastomes were collected from two Belcher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s gulls. Then, they were morphologically and molecular analyzed. Molecular characterization of the parasite was achieved by amplifying a fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Based on both morphological and molecular data the pentastomes were identified as pentastomes of the genus Reighardia. This is the first report showing that the Belcher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s gull is a new natural definitive host for this pentastome.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2015

To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis. Eighteen naturally inf... more To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis. Eighteen naturally infected cysticercosis pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each. The first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight, the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo (control group). All animals were kept under the same management conditions. The pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between groups. All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their carcasses. In contrast, TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic cysts. Cysts from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after treatment. However, histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of inflammation. TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.

Veterinary Parasitology, 2015

In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus an... more In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and from the omentum of a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) in Peru. Various metacestodes parameters, including rostellar hook characteristics, were measured. Molecular analysis was performed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene from metacestode isolates. Metacestodes were identified as T. hydatigena by morphology and molecular methods. This constitutes the first molecular detection of T. hydatigena metacestodes in the taruca and the red brocket deer and demonstrates that these animal species are natural intermediate hosts for this parasite.

Revista Peruana de Biología, 2008

AscAridiA hermAphroditA en el loro de Cabeza Azúl Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (February 2009)... more AscAridiA hermAphroditA en el loro de Cabeza Azúl Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (February 2009) http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm Rev. peru. biol. 15(2): 133-135 (Febrero 2009) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Ocurrencia de Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Nematode: Ascaridiidae) en el loro de Cabeza Azúl (Pionus menstruus) en Perú

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2014

The present study evaluated the capacity of Ammophorus rubripes beetles to carry Taenia solium eg... more The present study evaluated the capacity of Ammophorus rubripes beetles to carry Taenia solium eggs, in terms of duration and viability of eggs in their digestive system. One hundred beetles were distributed into five polyethylene boxes, and then they were infected with T. solium eggs. Gravid proglottids of T. solium were crushed and then mixed with cattle feces. One gram of this mixture was placed in each box for 24 hours, after which each group of beetles was transferred into a new clean box. Then, five beetles were dissected every three days. Time was strongly associated with viability (r=0.89; P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) and the calculated time to cero viability is 36 days. The eggs in the intestinal system of each beetle were counted and tested for viability. Taenia solium eggs were present in the beetle&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s digestive system for up to 39 days (13th sampling day out of 20), gradually reducing in numbers and viability, which was 0 on day 36 post-infection. Egg viability was around 40% up to day 24 post-infection, with a median number of eggs of 11 per beetle at this time. Dung beetles may potentially contribute towards dispersing T. solium eggs in endemic areas.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014

Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans. Even though infection and e... more Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans. Even though infection and exposure to swine cysticercosis is scattered throughout endemic villages, location of the tapeworm only explains some of the nearby infections and is not related to location of seropositive pigs. Other players might be involved in cysticercosis transmission. In this study we hypothesize that pigs that carry nematodes specific to dung beetles are associated with cysticercosis infection and/or exposure. We carried out a cross-sectional study of six villages in an endemic region in northern Peru. We euthanized all pigs (326) in the villages and performed necropsies to diagnose cysticercosis. For each pig, we counted cysticerci; measured anti-cysticercus antibodies; identified intestinal nematodes; tabulated distance to nearest human tapeworm infection; and recorded age, sex, productive stage, and geographic reference. For the purpose of this paper, we defined cysticercosis infection as the presence of at least one cysticercus in pig muscles, and cysticercosis exposure as seropositivity to anti-cysticercus antibodies with the presence of 0-5 cysticerci. Compared to pigs without nematode infections, those pigs infected with the nematode Ascarops strongylina were significantly associated with the presence of cysticerci (OR: 4.30, 95%CI: 1.83-10.09). Similarly, pigs infected with the nematode Physocephalus sexalatus were more likely to have cysticercosis exposure (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.50-3.28). In conclusion, our results suggest that there appears to be a strong positive association between the presence of nematodes and both cysticercosis infection and exposure in pigs. The role of dung beetles in cysticercosis dynamics should be further investigated.

Veterinary Parasitology, 2009

Veterinary Parasitology, 2008

The presence of Moniezia expansa (Rud, 1810) Blanchard, 1891, is reported in domestic pig (Sus sc... more The presence of Moniezia expansa (Rud, 1810) Blanchard, 1891, is reported in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758). Four tapeworms were collected and identified as M. expansa. This is the first report of M. expansa collected in a domestic pig in Perú. #

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012

The efficacy of a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of oxfendazole against Fasciola hepatica was evalu... more The efficacy of a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of oxfendazole against Fasciola hepatica was evaluated in a controlled study in naturally infected sheep. Sheep were diagnosed by stool microscopy after sedimentation, and positive animals were randomized to oxfendazole (N = 20) or no treatment (N = 20). A new stool exam was performed 10 days after treatment. All stool microscopies were performed masked to the treatment group. No side effects were noticed. All sheep in the control group remained infected with similar counts of eggs per gram of stools. None of the animals in the treatment group showed Fasciola eggs in stools after 10 days of treatment. A single dose of oxfendazole is highly effective against F. hepatica, providing a new drug alternative for the control of fascioliasis or integrated zoonosis control.

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria, Jan 25, 2016

A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that... more A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that were found in 2 communities in Canchis province, Cuzco region, Peru, at 4500 meters above sea level (Peruvian Andes). The cestodes were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was used as a genetic marker. All the cestodes were identified as Taenia omissa. In the present report, we give a brief description by molecular and morphological diagnosis of the cestodes and compare nucleotide sequences with previous isolates from GenBank. Upon comparison, the sequences showed a difference in the cox1 gene of 5.1 to 5.3% with other teniids sequences. This finding constitutes the first report of T. omissa in Peru and expands the geographic distribution of this parasite.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2015

The Open Parasitology Journal, 2009

A national survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in alpacas 1 to... more A national survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in alpacas 1 to 15 days-old of age (crias) in 105 Andean herds. Stool samples of 5,163 randomly selected crias from 7 representative geographical regions of Peru were screened using acid fast staining microscopy. Ninety percent of ~2.9 milllion Peruvian alpacas are raised in these areas. Data on geographical characteristics and husbandry practices by region were also collected. Prevalence was determined by study areas and by age (five categories set at three-day intervals). Cryptosporidium sp. was detected in crias from all 7 regions. The overall prevalence was 13%, ranging from 7 to 23% per region. Prevalence was 2% in the youngest and showed an increasing trend by age, reaching 20% in crias 12-15 days old. These oldest crias were more likely to have cryptosporidiosis (OR=2.2, p<0.01). Infections with Cryptosporidium were also significantly associated with low availability of grazing grounds and overcrowding at birth (p<0.01). This study demonstrates that Cryptosporidium is a frequent pathogen in Andean alpaca crias, and suggest that cryptosporidiosis may play a significant role in the alpaca neonatal diarrhea complex that causes significant morbidity and mortality among crias.

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinária = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Órgão Oficial do Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária

Infection by the larval form of Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) is common in many areas of Peru. Thi... more Infection by the larval form of Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) is common in many areas of Peru. This is an obligate parasite of sheep and goats, and it is the cause of oestrosis, or nasal myiasis, which can lead to severe clinical manifestations in livestock. A case of myiasis caused by O. ovis in a llama (Lama glama) in Cuzco, Peru, is reported here. This llama presented with respiratory distress and died due to bilateral hemorrhagic pneumonia. During the necropsy, six intact dipterous larvae were recovered from the nasal fossae and cranial sinuses being identified as O. ovis. This is the first report of nasal myiasis in llamas due to O. ovis in Peru.

Parasitology International, 2014

In this study, 352 fecal samples were analyzed for G. duodenalis from alpaca mothers and crias fr... more In this study, 352 fecal samples were analyzed for G. duodenalis from alpaca mothers and crias from three different areas of highland in Peru. The triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene of Giardia was amplified using a nested PCR protocol. Forty-six G. duodenalis-PCR positive samples were sequenced. G. duodenalis assemblage A was the most frequent followed by assemblage E. The former was seen in 37 animals whereas the latter was seen in nine. Most of the assemblage A infections were caused by the A1 subtype of sub-assemblage AI, except for three, which were caused by the A2 subtype of sub-assemblage AI. Assemblage A was found in all three geographic regions, while assemblage E was detected in crias from two regions. Among the four alpaca mothers positive for Giardia, three had assemblage AI and one had assemblage AII. Results of this study indicate that possible zoonotic transmission human to alpacas.

Journal of Parasitology, 2012

Atriotaenia sanmarci n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is described as a parasite of the Andean ... more Atriotaenia sanmarci n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is described as a parasite of the Andean hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus chinga (Carnivora: Mephitidae), from Cusco, Perú . The new species is primarily distinguished from related species by the distribution, and greater number, of testes, i.e., 194-223 versus 40-60 in Atriotaenia sandgroundi ) Baer, 1935 in Atriotaenia procyonis (Chandler, 1942) Spasskii, 1951, and 21-84 in Atriotaenia incisa Railliet, 1899. Also, there are differences with respect to the larger dimensions of suckers (300-371 mm vs. 140 in A. sandgroundi, 83-134 in A. procyonis, 70-140 in A. incisa, and 155-192 in Atriotaenia hastati Vaucher, 1982) and in the cirrus pouch length (204-732 mm vs. 90 in A. sandgroundi, 200-220 in A. procyonis, 100-180 in A. incisa, and 150-205 in A. hastati). The new species differs from A. sandgroundi and A. hastati in having a larger body size (122-133 mm vs. 10.6 and 10, respectively). This cestode is the fifth species of Atriotaenia Sandground, 1926.

Veterinary Record, 2013

FIG 1: (a and b) Affected vicuñas showed skin lesions, mainly affecting internal legs, inguinal z... more FIG 1: (a and b) Affected vicuñas showed skin lesions, mainly affecting internal legs, inguinal zone, and ventral abdomen FIG 2: Severe skin lesions affecting the legs of vicuñas. (a) Carpus showed chronic skin lesion: thick, fissured, lichenified and crusted skin. (b) Axillary area showed thick crusts covering skin group.bmj.com on September 20, 2013 -Published by veterinaryrecord.bmj.com Downloaded from Short Communication Veterinary Record |