Maria Pachalska - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Maria Pachalska
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
One of the most difficult problems in the rehabilitation of patients with closed-head injuries is... more One of the most difficult problems in the rehabilitation of patients with closed-head injuries is posed by executive function disturbances, that is, difficulty in making the transition from thinking to acting. This article presents the working hypotheses and a description of a rehabilitation program developed by the authors, oriented directly towards training executive functions, in contract to the existing standard program, based on physical therapy with the addition of neuropsychological exercises directed towards training particular cognitive functions. The program consists of exercises supporting the development of not only cognitive and emotional-motivational elements, but also mediating metaprocesses and behavioral processes. In their own research involving 24 patients the authors confirmed the existence of objective disturbances of executive functioning in all subjects. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group of 12 patients treated with the standard program...
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
The goal of this article is to present the results of research on cognitive and emotional disturb... more The goal of this article is to present the results of research on cognitive and emotional disturbances in patients with the "whiplash" injuries typically incurred as a result of rear-end collisions. Despite considerable controversy and discussion surrounding the whiplash syndrome the most recent literature on the subject contains several reports suggesting that many of these patients complain of specific symptoms that are not only physical, but also cognitive, emotional, and even linguistic, the existence of which can be detected by standard neuropsychological tests. In their own research involving 58 patients with late "whiplash" syndrome and an equal number of normals, the authors have confirmed the occurrence of objective symptoms in various tests. The discussion considers the etiology of these symptoms in various tests. The discussion considers the etiology of these symptoms and the significance of the results for rehabilitation.
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
Despite the enormous importance of patent-physician communication for treatment and rehabilitatio... more Despite the enormous importance of patent-physician communication for treatment and rehabilitation, the topic of interpersonal communication does not find a place in the curriculum of most medical schools. Medical practice in this respect is dominated by improvised solutions emerging from the individual physician's personal communication style, which in many cases leads to breakdowns in communication with patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the general principles governing patient communication and the problems encountered in this regard. Communication is discussed as a social process, which on the one hand runs its course in accordance with certain generally binding rules, and on the other hand is governed by the purposes (both open and hidden) and inclinations of the persons involved in the conversation. Several key concepts in communication are explained, including sender and receiver; text, subtext, and context; verbal and non-verbal communication. A simplif...
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
The purpose of this article is to point out significant differences in how mental images are proc... more The purpose of this article is to point out significant differences in how mental images are processed by post-stroke patients with left and right hemisphere damage. The issues involved are of theoretical importance because of the light shed on the modularity of cerebral functions, especially the imagination, and of clinical importance due to the better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. The research involved 82 right-handed patients with a lesion in the left hemisphere (Group L), 82 right-handed patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere (Group R), and, as a control group, 82 patients with musculo-skeletal disorders not affecting the central nervous system (Group C), matched by age and sex. Image processing of complex notions was examined by using selected items from the Simple Neurolinguistic Test. In the control group, the majority of the patients responded to most of the prompts with polymodal associations of various types. In Group L, responses were dominated b...
PubMed, Apr 1, 2009
Background: There has been little attention given to traumatic aphasia in recent neuropsychologic... more Background: There has been little attention given to traumatic aphasia in recent neuropsychological literature. It is difficult to justify this relative neglect, however, since speech and language disturbances subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI) causa serious therapeutic difficulties. Hence the problems encountered by our patient, K.P., who had a severe TBI, are described in the present study. Case report: K.P. suffered from traumatic aphasia and executive dysfunction. These difficulties made her dependent upon others and unable to function by herself in many situations of everyday living. Very little progress was made in ordinary rehabilitation. Improvements in cognitive functioning were observed only after a novel staged program of rehabilitation, based on the microgenetic theory of brain function, had been implemented. Conclusions: After the last phase of rehabilitation K.P. became more self-dependent in social situations. The need for a deeper analysis of the patient's problems in both a personal and social context is stressed in order to adapt therapeutic procedures heuristically, consistent with a process-based approach.
PubMed, Aug 1, 2008
Background: Despite recent interest in the brain/mind problem and possible organic correlates of ... more Background: Despite recent interest in the brain/mind problem and possible organic correlates of mental disease, relatively few case studies have examined the problem concretely. The present paper describes a 66-year-old male patient with a long history of schizophrenia, whose psychotic symptoms displayed qualitative and quantitative changes after a closed-head injury. Case report: After a very disturbed childhood and youth, including several jail terms, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the early 1960s and frequently thereafter hospitalized. Visual hallucinations were the dominant symptom, and art therapy provided some relief, which led to a successful artistic career. In 1989, while actively hallucinating, he suffered a mild TBI in a pedestrian accident. Despite findings of organic dysfunction, he did not receive full neuropsychological diagnosis and treatment until four years later, when he presented with symptoms of perseveration, hemispatial neglect, and disturbances of working memory. The patient then received an individual program of neuropsychological rehabilitation, while his treating psychiatrist gradually withdrew psychotropic medication. After a year of therapy there was marked improvement of both neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. At the same time, he began to paint in a completely different style. Conclusions: The case described here shows that the pathomechanisms of schizophrenia and neurobehavioral disturbances resulting from organic brain damage are not after all unrelated. Microgenetic theory can provide a basis for explaining the course of symptoms in this and similar cases, as we re-think the brain-mind relationship.
Acta Neuropsychologica, Aug 25, 2019
The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions ... more The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the minimally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterioration of his cognitive skills. The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer. Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.
The patient (PG, age 27, owner/operator of a construction company) suffered a severe head injury ... more The patient (PG, age 27, owner/operator of a construction company) suffered a severe head injury after a fall from scaffolding at a construction site. Two wooden pegs were broken off and driven deep-into his cranium, from left to right. However, the patient not only survived the injury, he did not even lose consciousness after the accident. The damage to the brain affected primarily the frontal lobes. The upper peg penetrated the right frontal lobe. In the years that followed neurosurgery, we observed a pattern of behavioral disorders consistent with frontal lobe syndrome, similar to the famous 19 th-century case of Phineas Gage. These symptoms make it impossible for the patient to adapt to social and cultural life. The purpose of our research was to describe the profile of negative and positive behavioral disturbances in PG, and to determine whether these behaviors developed over time into orbitofrontal syndrome. Microgenetic theory is used to interpret the formation of the symptom.
Acta Neuropsychologica, May 8, 2018
This paper is devoted to illustrating how process neuropsychology and neurolinguistics, based on ... more This paper is devoted to illustrating how process neuropsychology and neurolinguistics, based on microgenetic theory and rooted in process thought, can help to explain the often baffling symptomatology of brain damage. Our purpose is to present an overview of this difficult and complex subject matter for readers, with particular emphasis on its creative potential. The essence of microgenetic theory in neuro psy chology is an account of the phases in brain process through which successive mind/brain states arise and perish over the duration of the psychological present, measured in milliseconds. According to the theory, mental states are rhythmically generated out of a "core" in the anatomically deepest and phylogenetically oldest parts of the central nervous system, over phases to the outermost and youngest regions of the brain, the neocortex. The clinical applications are only one aspect of the creative potential of microgenetic theory. Indeed, the elegance of the theory consists in the way in which it can be extended into a number of different fields of endeavor, providing a kind of "unified field theory" for the explanation of often rather diverse phenomena. This provides an opportunity for neuropsychology and neurolinguistics to resume the interdisciplinary discourse they were founded to conduct.
SpringerReference, Feb 8, 2012
Boring, E. G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological Review, 36(2), 97–121. Meyer, ... more Boring, E. G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological Review, 36(2), 97–121. Meyer, M. (1911). The fundamental laws of human behavior: Lectures on the foundations of any mental or social science. Boston: Richard G. Badger. Meyer, M. (1921). Psychology of the other-one: An introductory textbook of psychology. Columbia: Missouri Book Company. Meyer, M. (1927). Abnormal psychology: When the other-one astonishes us. Columbia: Lucas. Meyer, M. F. (1933). That whale among the fishes – the theory of emotions. Psychological Review, 40(3), 292–300. Wozniak, R. (1993). Introduction to The Fundamental Laws of Human Behavior. In R. Wozniak (Ed.), The roots of behaviorism. London: Thoemmes.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Jun 2, 2016
Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the hyperactivity of the frontal lobes in a patient with o... more Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the hyperactivity of the frontal lobes in a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorders. Case description. A 21-year-old female met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 since her behaviour was characterized by a preoccupations with negative thoughts and by repetitive attempts to decrease or stop those behaviours. Two working hypotheses were tested to find neuromarkers of OCD and anxiety in the patient described. In agreement with the 'OCD hypothesis' an increase of the frontal beta activity and an increase of the parietalalpha activity pattern was found. The 'anxiety' hypothesis found confirmation in an increased left temporal P1 wave in response to the visual stimuli observed in ERPs. In all three conditions (EO, EC, GO/NOGO task), two characteristics were deviant from the normative average data in EEG spectra. First, an increase of frontal beta activity and the increase of parietal alpha activity was noted. The independent component analysis applied for 700 ms EEG fragments in GO and NOGO conditions revealed a strong activation over the central areas. Conclusions. Specific patterns of QEEG and ERPs, the increase of beta activity frontally, and the increase of parietal alpha activity pattern which produce hyper-frontality, might be useful in the diagnosis of an OCD patient. ERPs in a GO/NOGO task can be used in the assessment of functional brain changes in OCD patients.
PubMed, Sep 1, 2008
Background: AD is preceded by a lengthy preclinical period. Neural degeneration may lead to the a... more Background: AD is preceded by a lengthy preclinical period. Neural degeneration may lead to the appearance of behavioral and psychological symptoms, even before other clinical symptoms are manifest. We attempted to evaluate this symptomatology in preclinical AD. Material/methods: We recruited 291 care center residents who did not demonstrate dementia symptoms according to DSM-IV, whose MMSE score was at least 24, and who reached the first or second stage on the Global Deterioration Scale. Psychopathology was assessed using the AMDP, while the ADAS-cog was used to assess cognitive dysfunctions. Seven years later, 155 patients participated in the follow-up study (MMSE and ADAS-cog). If the MMSE was less than 24, a psychiatric workup was done to verify dementia. The AD group consisted of persons properly diagnosed with AD (n=25), while the control group consisted of persons in whom dementia had not developed. Results: The AD and control groups differed in the level of psychopathological symptoms at baseline. The disparities related both to the global AMDP score and to every particular symptom category. The analysis did not disclose a pathognomonic symptom for preclinical AD, but there were many symptoms whose intensity differentiated AD patients from the controls. The degree of cognitive dysfunction seems to correlate with the clinical manifestation of some psychopathological symptoms in preclinical AD. Conclusions: The degeneration process before the clinical manifestation of dementia leads not only to the impairment of several cognitive functions, but also the intensification of behavioral and psychological symptoms.
Medical Science Monitor, 2011
Background: It is well known that traumatic brain injury often changes the way the patient percei... more Background: It is well known that traumatic brain injury often changes the way the patient perceives reality, which often means a distortion of the perception of self and the world. The purpose of this article is to understand the processes of identity change after traumatic brain injury.
Acta Neuropsychologica, May 15, 2022
Fizjoterapia Polska
ABSTRACT
Acta Neuropsychologica
The origin of the error or symptom, understood as an unexpected deviation from normal behavior, r... more The origin of the error or symptom, understood as an unexpected deviation from normal behavior, remains one of the fundamental problems in neuropsychology. Luria regarded a theory of the symptom as a sine qua non for neuropsychology, but he did not have a definitive theory; rather, he applied the insights of various authors in different situations, including Pavlov, Wernicke, Vygotsky, and Goldstein. In microgenetic theory, the symptom is a link from the pathological to the normal, a piece of preliminary behavior that becomes a momentary terminus. In both normal and pathological behavior, microgeny deposits a cognition in the same way that phylogeny and ontogeny deposit the human mind/brain. There is progressive zeroing in on the target over growth planes in brain evolution, moving generally from whole to part, context to item, depth to surface. The microgenetic approach reconsiders the regression hypothesis advanced in a different form by such earlier thinkers as Hughlings Jackson ...
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
This article describes a program of neuropsychological rehabilitation for high cervical SCI patie... more This article describes a program of neuropsychological rehabilitation for high cervical SCI patients with psycho-organic syndrome. Traumatic injury to the cervical spine is frequently accompanied by organic damage to the brain, either caused by the same accident that injured the spine or resulting from secondary causes. The result of concomitant brain damage in cervical SCI patients is psycho-organic syndrome, which consists of both cognitive (higher level language functioning, disturbances in memory, language, attention, and thinking) and personality components (mood and behavioral disorders). Existing rehabilitation programs designed either for tetraplegic patients with no neuropsychological impairment, or for brain-damaged patients without tetraplegia, are not suitable for the problems faced by these patients. Accordingly, the authors have developed a Program of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation as a module added to comprehensive rehabilitation for SCI patients. This program was ...
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by rapid an... more Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by rapid and irreversible decline, with dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, and other neurological and neurobehavioral disorders associated with rapidly progressive spongiform encephalopathy. The mode of transmission and basic pathomechanism remain unclear. The clinical picture of CJD is highly diverse, producing a number of variants. The patient to be described is a 68-year-old Polish female, JR, clinically diagnosed with CJD. The article presents the case history in detail, with particular emphasis on neuropsychological testing, which was initiated when the patient was still lucid and capable of cooperation. The first presenting symptom was agraphia, followed by hemianopsia and other vision disorders, culminating in visual hallucinations. As the progress of the disease accelerated there was rapidly progressive dementia, aphasia developing to organic mutism, myoclonus, hyperkinesia, ultimately loss of al...
Acta Neuropsychologica, 2020
In the subject literature there are only a few articles devoted to the Health-Related Quality of ... more In the subject literature there are only a few articles devoted to the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients with large ex- tracranial aneurysms of the carotid artery segment. There are no reports on the quality of life of patients with rare Mega-Giant Carotid Artery Aneurysms (MGCAA) manifesting themselves as chronically large and growing neck tumors. The aim of the research was an evaluation of the health related quality of life (HRQL) of a patient following aneurysmotomy of Mega-Giant Carotid Artery Aneurysms (MGCAA). An 82-year-old patient was referred to the Department of Vascular Surgery at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, due to the presence of a megagiant, painful tumor covering the entire left side of the neck. A physical examination and angio-CT confirmed the pres- ence of a pulsating tumor, which extended vertically from the level of the angle of the mandible to the clavicle, and horizontally from the trachea to the cervical spine. An aneurysmotomy and re...
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
One of the most difficult problems in the rehabilitation of patients with closed-head injuries is... more One of the most difficult problems in the rehabilitation of patients with closed-head injuries is posed by executive function disturbances, that is, difficulty in making the transition from thinking to acting. This article presents the working hypotheses and a description of a rehabilitation program developed by the authors, oriented directly towards training executive functions, in contract to the existing standard program, based on physical therapy with the addition of neuropsychological exercises directed towards training particular cognitive functions. The program consists of exercises supporting the development of not only cognitive and emotional-motivational elements, but also mediating metaprocesses and behavioral processes. In their own research involving 24 patients the authors confirmed the existence of objective disturbances of executive functioning in all subjects. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group of 12 patients treated with the standard program...
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
The goal of this article is to present the results of research on cognitive and emotional disturb... more The goal of this article is to present the results of research on cognitive and emotional disturbances in patients with the "whiplash" injuries typically incurred as a result of rear-end collisions. Despite considerable controversy and discussion surrounding the whiplash syndrome the most recent literature on the subject contains several reports suggesting that many of these patients complain of specific symptoms that are not only physical, but also cognitive, emotional, and even linguistic, the existence of which can be detected by standard neuropsychological tests. In their own research involving 58 patients with late "whiplash" syndrome and an equal number of normals, the authors have confirmed the occurrence of objective symptoms in various tests. The discussion considers the etiology of these symptoms in various tests. The discussion considers the etiology of these symptoms and the significance of the results for rehabilitation.
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
Despite the enormous importance of patent-physician communication for treatment and rehabilitatio... more Despite the enormous importance of patent-physician communication for treatment and rehabilitation, the topic of interpersonal communication does not find a place in the curriculum of most medical schools. Medical practice in this respect is dominated by improvised solutions emerging from the individual physician's personal communication style, which in many cases leads to breakdowns in communication with patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the general principles governing patient communication and the problems encountered in this regard. Communication is discussed as a social process, which on the one hand runs its course in accordance with certain generally binding rules, and on the other hand is governed by the purposes (both open and hidden) and inclinations of the persons involved in the conversation. Several key concepts in communication are explained, including sender and receiver; text, subtext, and context; verbal and non-verbal communication. A simplif...
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
The purpose of this article is to point out significant differences in how mental images are proc... more The purpose of this article is to point out significant differences in how mental images are processed by post-stroke patients with left and right hemisphere damage. The issues involved are of theoretical importance because of the light shed on the modularity of cerebral functions, especially the imagination, and of clinical importance due to the better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. The research involved 82 right-handed patients with a lesion in the left hemisphere (Group L), 82 right-handed patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere (Group R), and, as a control group, 82 patients with musculo-skeletal disorders not affecting the central nervous system (Group C), matched by age and sex. Image processing of complex notions was examined by using selected items from the Simple Neurolinguistic Test. In the control group, the majority of the patients responded to most of the prompts with polymodal associations of various types. In Group L, responses were dominated b...
PubMed, Apr 1, 2009
Background: There has been little attention given to traumatic aphasia in recent neuropsychologic... more Background: There has been little attention given to traumatic aphasia in recent neuropsychological literature. It is difficult to justify this relative neglect, however, since speech and language disturbances subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI) causa serious therapeutic difficulties. Hence the problems encountered by our patient, K.P., who had a severe TBI, are described in the present study. Case report: K.P. suffered from traumatic aphasia and executive dysfunction. These difficulties made her dependent upon others and unable to function by herself in many situations of everyday living. Very little progress was made in ordinary rehabilitation. Improvements in cognitive functioning were observed only after a novel staged program of rehabilitation, based on the microgenetic theory of brain function, had been implemented. Conclusions: After the last phase of rehabilitation K.P. became more self-dependent in social situations. The need for a deeper analysis of the patient's problems in both a personal and social context is stressed in order to adapt therapeutic procedures heuristically, consistent with a process-based approach.
PubMed, Aug 1, 2008
Background: Despite recent interest in the brain/mind problem and possible organic correlates of ... more Background: Despite recent interest in the brain/mind problem and possible organic correlates of mental disease, relatively few case studies have examined the problem concretely. The present paper describes a 66-year-old male patient with a long history of schizophrenia, whose psychotic symptoms displayed qualitative and quantitative changes after a closed-head injury. Case report: After a very disturbed childhood and youth, including several jail terms, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the early 1960s and frequently thereafter hospitalized. Visual hallucinations were the dominant symptom, and art therapy provided some relief, which led to a successful artistic career. In 1989, while actively hallucinating, he suffered a mild TBI in a pedestrian accident. Despite findings of organic dysfunction, he did not receive full neuropsychological diagnosis and treatment until four years later, when he presented with symptoms of perseveration, hemispatial neglect, and disturbances of working memory. The patient then received an individual program of neuropsychological rehabilitation, while his treating psychiatrist gradually withdrew psychotropic medication. After a year of therapy there was marked improvement of both neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. At the same time, he began to paint in a completely different style. Conclusions: The case described here shows that the pathomechanisms of schizophrenia and neurobehavioral disturbances resulting from organic brain damage are not after all unrelated. Microgenetic theory can provide a basis for explaining the course of symptoms in this and similar cases, as we re-think the brain-mind relationship.
Acta Neuropsychologica, Aug 25, 2019
The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions ... more The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the minimally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterioration of his cognitive skills. The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer. Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.
The patient (PG, age 27, owner/operator of a construction company) suffered a severe head injury ... more The patient (PG, age 27, owner/operator of a construction company) suffered a severe head injury after a fall from scaffolding at a construction site. Two wooden pegs were broken off and driven deep-into his cranium, from left to right. However, the patient not only survived the injury, he did not even lose consciousness after the accident. The damage to the brain affected primarily the frontal lobes. The upper peg penetrated the right frontal lobe. In the years that followed neurosurgery, we observed a pattern of behavioral disorders consistent with frontal lobe syndrome, similar to the famous 19 th-century case of Phineas Gage. These symptoms make it impossible for the patient to adapt to social and cultural life. The purpose of our research was to describe the profile of negative and positive behavioral disturbances in PG, and to determine whether these behaviors developed over time into orbitofrontal syndrome. Microgenetic theory is used to interpret the formation of the symptom.
Acta Neuropsychologica, May 8, 2018
This paper is devoted to illustrating how process neuropsychology and neurolinguistics, based on ... more This paper is devoted to illustrating how process neuropsychology and neurolinguistics, based on microgenetic theory and rooted in process thought, can help to explain the often baffling symptomatology of brain damage. Our purpose is to present an overview of this difficult and complex subject matter for readers, with particular emphasis on its creative potential. The essence of microgenetic theory in neuro psy chology is an account of the phases in brain process through which successive mind/brain states arise and perish over the duration of the psychological present, measured in milliseconds. According to the theory, mental states are rhythmically generated out of a "core" in the anatomically deepest and phylogenetically oldest parts of the central nervous system, over phases to the outermost and youngest regions of the brain, the neocortex. The clinical applications are only one aspect of the creative potential of microgenetic theory. Indeed, the elegance of the theory consists in the way in which it can be extended into a number of different fields of endeavor, providing a kind of "unified field theory" for the explanation of often rather diverse phenomena. This provides an opportunity for neuropsychology and neurolinguistics to resume the interdisciplinary discourse they were founded to conduct.
SpringerReference, Feb 8, 2012
Boring, E. G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological Review, 36(2), 97–121. Meyer, ... more Boring, E. G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological Review, 36(2), 97–121. Meyer, M. (1911). The fundamental laws of human behavior: Lectures on the foundations of any mental or social science. Boston: Richard G. Badger. Meyer, M. (1921). Psychology of the other-one: An introductory textbook of psychology. Columbia: Missouri Book Company. Meyer, M. (1927). Abnormal psychology: When the other-one astonishes us. Columbia: Lucas. Meyer, M. F. (1933). That whale among the fishes – the theory of emotions. Psychological Review, 40(3), 292–300. Wozniak, R. (1993). Introduction to The Fundamental Laws of Human Behavior. In R. Wozniak (Ed.), The roots of behaviorism. London: Thoemmes.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Jun 2, 2016
Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the hyperactivity of the frontal lobes in a patient with o... more Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the hyperactivity of the frontal lobes in a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorders. Case description. A 21-year-old female met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 since her behaviour was characterized by a preoccupations with negative thoughts and by repetitive attempts to decrease or stop those behaviours. Two working hypotheses were tested to find neuromarkers of OCD and anxiety in the patient described. In agreement with the 'OCD hypothesis' an increase of the frontal beta activity and an increase of the parietalalpha activity pattern was found. The 'anxiety' hypothesis found confirmation in an increased left temporal P1 wave in response to the visual stimuli observed in ERPs. In all three conditions (EO, EC, GO/NOGO task), two characteristics were deviant from the normative average data in EEG spectra. First, an increase of frontal beta activity and the increase of parietal alpha activity was noted. The independent component analysis applied for 700 ms EEG fragments in GO and NOGO conditions revealed a strong activation over the central areas. Conclusions. Specific patterns of QEEG and ERPs, the increase of beta activity frontally, and the increase of parietal alpha activity pattern which produce hyper-frontality, might be useful in the diagnosis of an OCD patient. ERPs in a GO/NOGO task can be used in the assessment of functional brain changes in OCD patients.
PubMed, Sep 1, 2008
Background: AD is preceded by a lengthy preclinical period. Neural degeneration may lead to the a... more Background: AD is preceded by a lengthy preclinical period. Neural degeneration may lead to the appearance of behavioral and psychological symptoms, even before other clinical symptoms are manifest. We attempted to evaluate this symptomatology in preclinical AD. Material/methods: We recruited 291 care center residents who did not demonstrate dementia symptoms according to DSM-IV, whose MMSE score was at least 24, and who reached the first or second stage on the Global Deterioration Scale. Psychopathology was assessed using the AMDP, while the ADAS-cog was used to assess cognitive dysfunctions. Seven years later, 155 patients participated in the follow-up study (MMSE and ADAS-cog). If the MMSE was less than 24, a psychiatric workup was done to verify dementia. The AD group consisted of persons properly diagnosed with AD (n=25), while the control group consisted of persons in whom dementia had not developed. Results: The AD and control groups differed in the level of psychopathological symptoms at baseline. The disparities related both to the global AMDP score and to every particular symptom category. The analysis did not disclose a pathognomonic symptom for preclinical AD, but there were many symptoms whose intensity differentiated AD patients from the controls. The degree of cognitive dysfunction seems to correlate with the clinical manifestation of some psychopathological symptoms in preclinical AD. Conclusions: The degeneration process before the clinical manifestation of dementia leads not only to the impairment of several cognitive functions, but also the intensification of behavioral and psychological symptoms.
Medical Science Monitor, 2011
Background: It is well known that traumatic brain injury often changes the way the patient percei... more Background: It is well known that traumatic brain injury often changes the way the patient perceives reality, which often means a distortion of the perception of self and the world. The purpose of this article is to understand the processes of identity change after traumatic brain injury.
Acta Neuropsychologica, May 15, 2022
Fizjoterapia Polska
ABSTRACT
Acta Neuropsychologica
The origin of the error or symptom, understood as an unexpected deviation from normal behavior, r... more The origin of the error or symptom, understood as an unexpected deviation from normal behavior, remains one of the fundamental problems in neuropsychology. Luria regarded a theory of the symptom as a sine qua non for neuropsychology, but he did not have a definitive theory; rather, he applied the insights of various authors in different situations, including Pavlov, Wernicke, Vygotsky, and Goldstein. In microgenetic theory, the symptom is a link from the pathological to the normal, a piece of preliminary behavior that becomes a momentary terminus. In both normal and pathological behavior, microgeny deposits a cognition in the same way that phylogeny and ontogeny deposit the human mind/brain. There is progressive zeroing in on the target over growth planes in brain evolution, moving generally from whole to part, context to item, depth to surface. The microgenetic approach reconsiders the regression hypothesis advanced in a different form by such earlier thinkers as Hughlings Jackson ...
Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Jan 30, 2000
This article describes a program of neuropsychological rehabilitation for high cervical SCI patie... more This article describes a program of neuropsychological rehabilitation for high cervical SCI patients with psycho-organic syndrome. Traumatic injury to the cervical spine is frequently accompanied by organic damage to the brain, either caused by the same accident that injured the spine or resulting from secondary causes. The result of concomitant brain damage in cervical SCI patients is psycho-organic syndrome, which consists of both cognitive (higher level language functioning, disturbances in memory, language, attention, and thinking) and personality components (mood and behavioral disorders). Existing rehabilitation programs designed either for tetraplegic patients with no neuropsychological impairment, or for brain-damaged patients without tetraplegia, are not suitable for the problems faced by these patients. Accordingly, the authors have developed a Program of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation as a module added to comprehensive rehabilitation for SCI patients. This program was ...
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by rapid an... more Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by rapid and irreversible decline, with dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, and other neurological and neurobehavioral disorders associated with rapidly progressive spongiform encephalopathy. The mode of transmission and basic pathomechanism remain unclear. The clinical picture of CJD is highly diverse, producing a number of variants. The patient to be described is a 68-year-old Polish female, JR, clinically diagnosed with CJD. The article presents the case history in detail, with particular emphasis on neuropsychological testing, which was initiated when the patient was still lucid and capable of cooperation. The first presenting symptom was agraphia, followed by hemianopsia and other vision disorders, culminating in visual hallucinations. As the progress of the disease accelerated there was rapidly progressive dementia, aphasia developing to organic mutism, myoclonus, hyperkinesia, ultimately loss of al...
Acta Neuropsychologica, 2020
In the subject literature there are only a few articles devoted to the Health-Related Quality of ... more In the subject literature there are only a few articles devoted to the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients with large ex- tracranial aneurysms of the carotid artery segment. There are no reports on the quality of life of patients with rare Mega-Giant Carotid Artery Aneurysms (MGCAA) manifesting themselves as chronically large and growing neck tumors. The aim of the research was an evaluation of the health related quality of life (HRQL) of a patient following aneurysmotomy of Mega-Giant Carotid Artery Aneurysms (MGCAA). An 82-year-old patient was referred to the Department of Vascular Surgery at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, due to the presence of a megagiant, painful tumor covering the entire left side of the neck. A physical examination and angio-CT confirmed the pres- ence of a pulsating tumor, which extended vertically from the level of the angle of the mandible to the clavicle, and horizontally from the trachea to the cervical spine. An aneurysmotomy and re...