Maria Rosaria Carillo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Maria Rosaria Carillo

This paper explores the relationship between social identity and labor market outcomes of immigra... more This paper explores the relationship between social identity and labor market outcomes of immigrants. Using survey data from Italy, we provide robust evidence that immigrants with stronger feelings of belonging to the societies of both the host and home country have higher employment rates, while those who exclusively identify with the host country culture do not have a net occupational advantage. Analysis of the potential mechanisms suggests that, although simultaneous identification with host and home country groups can be costly, the positive effect of multiple social identities is especially triggered by the enlarged information transmission and in-group favoritism that identification with, and membership of, extended communities ensure.

Journal of Economic Growth, 2019

This paper explores the causes and the consequences of the evolution of family firms in the growt... more This paper explores the causes and the consequences of the evolution of family firms in the growth process. The theory suggests that in early stages of development, valuable family spe- cific human capital stimulated the productivity of family firms and the development process. However, in light of the rise in the importance of managerial talents for firms’ productivity in later stages, family firms generated a misallocation of managerial talents, curbing productivity and economic growth. Evidence supports the dual impact of family firms in the development process and the role of socio-cultural characteristics in observed variations in the productivity of family firms

The Journal of Socio-Economics, 2012

In this paper, we analyze the effects of research collaborations on the scientific output of acad... more In this paper, we analyze the effects of research collaborations on the scientific output of academic institutions, drawing on data from the first official Italian research assessment exercise. We measure the scientific performance of a research unit as the number of publications that received an excellent grade in the evaluation process. Different aspects of scientific collaboration are taken into account, such as the degree of openness of a research team towards other institutions and/or countries, the frequency of co-authorships, and the average size of co-authoring teams. Using econometric models for count data, we find that greater and more frequent knowledge exchange resulting from collaboration with external or foreign colleagues increase researchers’ productivity.

Economic Modelling, 2014

n this paper we analyse how the science sector's incentive structure strongly contributes to the ... more n this paper we analyse how the science sector's incentive structure strongly contributes to the development of science and of the economy, even if, in the same time, it can cause large disparities in size and productivity of scientific sectors of different countries. In order to show that, we adopt a Schumpeterian growth model where the resources allocated to science are endogenously determined within the economy and science is organised according to the institution of “Open Science”. This latter consists in a self-reinforcing code of conduct, which comprises an incentive scheme based on the priority rule, and on the presence of both real rewards and social rewards. Social rewards take two main forms according to the source concerned: one is the social reward deriving from major innovations; another consists in high reputation enjoyed by researchers who put a high level of effort into their job, and devote themselves to the advancement of science. This set of rules causes the emergence of two locally stable steady-states: a low equilibrium, where the economy is endowed with a small science sector; and a high equilibrium, where the economy has a large science sector with rapid knowledge advancement. The two equilibria can account for the huge differences currently existing between scientific sectors of more developed and less developed countries. Comparative static results further characterise the two equilibria, since monetary and social rewards have different effects according to the type of equilibrium that emerges.

Metroeconomica, 2013

Modern science is characterized by an increasing trend in collaborations and interactions among r... more Modern science is characterized by an increasing trend in collaborations and interactions among researchers. This paper aims to analyse the effects of this phenomenon on the productivity of the science sector and on the growth rate of the economy. Basic research is modelled as a contest where only those who arrive first at an innovation obtain the reward and where the interactions among researchers do contribute to production of scientific knowledge. An important result is that when interactions are significant multiple steady states emerge. Hence the ‘science globalization’ process could have enhanced the heterogeneity among scientific sectors of different countries. When there are low interactions, policies that increase connectivity could have low or even perverse effect at improving the efficiency of science, the contrary happens in high connectivity environments.

Economia Politica, 2002

Typically, the economic theory of professions has been concerned with the analysis of the economi... more Typically, the economic theory of professions has been concerned with the analysis of the economic rationality of the mechanisms regulating professional markets (e.g. State authorizations, barriers to entry, self-regulation through professional associations) and with their effects on the social welfare. Both the process through which an occupation acquires the status of profession and the effect of this professionali- zation process on the allocation of working talent and on the economic growth has been neglected. The aim of this paper is to contribute to fill this lacuna. In particular, we present a neo-Schumpeterian growth model in which the intermediate good is a professional service, and the acquisition of the professional sta- tus is obtained through a rent-seeking game. Once established as a profession, the professional «élite» ini- tiates a process of social status accumulation that affects the rewards of different occupations and, conse- quently, the pace of technological change.

Scuola democratica, 2017

Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente priv... more Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo, per qualsiasi scopo o fine. Tutti i diritti sono riservati.

Labour, 1999

In this paper we analyse the impact of both the number of immigrants and their human capital on t... more In this paper we analyse the impact of both the number of immigrants and their human capital on the welfare of the host economy. We will show that in the presence of`social increasing returns' in human and physical capital accumulation, arising from a labour market characterized by a costly search and by randomness of the matching technology, immigrants' skill level may influence the investments in human capital of natives as well as the investments in physical capital. We will find that the immigrants' human capital interacts with social increasing returns making them stronger or weaker according to the level of immigrants' human capital relative to that of natives. If immigrants have a higher level of human capital, increasing returns are accelerated, while if immigrants' human capital is lower, increasing returns are weakened if not reversed. The consequence of this behaviour is that in the first case immigration has a positive impact on native welfare and there is a positive interrelation between the skills of natives, the skills of immigrants and the firms' level of physical capital. In the second case immigration may have a negative impact on the welfare of natives, on the skills of native workers and on the physical capital of firms.

Economia e politica industriale, 2001

Purpose–Recent economic research has focused on the economic effects of the social environment. I... more Purpose–Recent economic research has focused on the economic effects of the social environment. In the economic literature, important phenomena are considered, at least in part, as results of the individual's social environment. There is a similar revival of interest among economists who analyse the world of science and basic research. In this case as well, the environment plays a key role in the agent's behaviour. This paper aims at an empirical analysis of the influence of social interactions on scientists' productivity.

International Journal of Manpower, 2006

Recent economic research has focused on the economic effects of the social environment. In the ec... more Recent economic research has focused on the economic effects of the social environment. In the economic literature, important phenomena are considered, at least in part, as results of the individual's social environment. There is a similar revival of interest among economists who analyse the world of science and basic research. In this case as well, the environment plays a key role in the agent's behaviour. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the influence of social interactions on scientists' productivity. In the econometric analysis we investigate the aggregate importance of this phenomenon through the analysis of data on publications in four scientific fields of seven advanced countries. We find that social interactions among researchers have positive effects on a scientist's productivity and that there is a U-shaped relation between the size of a scientific network and individual productivity. We interpret this result as providing evidence for threshold externalities and increasing returns to scale.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002

A general equilibrium model is proposed which assumes that firms hire both official and unregiste... more A general equilibrium model is proposed which assumes that firms hire both official and unregistered workers as imperfect substitutes, that entrepreneurs differ in their ability to increase the efficiency of official labour, and that this ability is due to heterogeneous original ability and to Marshallian (non-linear) externalities. In equilibrium, smaller firms hire fewer official workers and are less efficient. If externalities increase sufficiently when firms are numerous, two stable equilibria exist where the number and the size of firms, the proportion of official employment, overall output and efficiency are, respectively, small (the trap) and large. The increase of individual ability due to, e.g., educational policies, has positive effects on the equilibrium number of firms, overall output, and labour regularisation. High and evenly distributed entrepreneurship also make it more likely that increased externalities and penalties on the underground economy will have positive effects. These results may contribute to the current debate on the underground economy in the Southern areas of Italy JEL Code: J21, O17

Economic Systems, 2004

We are grateful to Yadira Gonzales de Lara, Moshe Hazan, Alberto Niccoli and two anonymous refere... more We are grateful to Yadira Gonzales de Lara, Moshe Hazan, Alberto Niccoli and two anonymous referees for their very helpful comments and suggestions. All views expressed herein and all errors are our own. 2 This strand of literature, started by the works of and Krussell and Rios-Rull (1996), was then developed in various directions by Acemoglu

La teoria economica delle professioni siè essenzialmente concentrata sulla individuazione della r... more La teoria economica delle professioni siè essenzialmente concentrata sulla individuazione della razionalità economica esistente dietro i diversi meccanismi di regolamentazione dei mercati professionali e sui suoi possibili effetti sul benessere della collettività. Sono stati invece trascurati gli effetti che i fenomeni di professionalizzazione possono avere sull'allocazione delle capacità lavorative e sulla crescita economica. Obiettivo di questo lavoroè di contribuire a colmare tale lacuna sviluppando un modello di crescita neo-schumpeteriano nel quale si analizza il processo di professionalizzazione, i suoi effetti sul prestigio sociale delle diverse occupazioni e, attraverso questo, sull'allocazione del capitale umano e sul tasso di innovazione tecnologica.

Discussion Papers Series, University of Naples, Parthenope, 2000

L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di analizzare gli effetti che il ranking sociale delle occupazioni... more L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di analizzare gli effetti che il ranking sociale delle occupazioni ha sull’accumulazione di capitale umano, sull’innovazione tecnologica e tramite questa sul tasso di crescita dell’economia. In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello teorico nel quale si dimostra che nel caso in cui il mercato del lavoro sia caratterizzato da attività di search costosa e da casualità della funzione di matching, e gli individui sono social minded, poiché hanno interesse nel social ranking dell’occupazione svolta, allora vi può essere mismatch tra le skill dei lavoratori e quelle richieste dalle nuove tecnologie. In questo caso ne deriva un basso livello di innovazione tecnologica e un basso tasso di crescita dell’economia.

Manchester School, 2000

The aim of this paper is to measure the impact of migration flows on growth via their effect on s... more The aim of this paper is to measure the impact of migration flows on growth via their effect on structural change. To this extent we build an empirical growth model in which migration flows and intersectoral wage differentials can affect the speed of labour readjustment between sectors and, ultimately, total factor productivity and growth. By employing Italian regional data stemming over more than four decades we measure the effects of interregional migration on regional growth and convergence. The results confirm that migration in general, and in particular the content of human capital of moving workers, is a relevant factor in determining the speed of technological change and growth.

Journal of Economic Growth, 2019

The Journal of Socio-Economics, 2012

Economic Modelling, 2014

Metroeconomica, 2013

Economia Politica, 2002

Scuola democratica, 2017

Labour, 1999

Economia e politica industriale, 2001

International Journal of Manpower, 2006

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002

Economic Systems, 2004

Discussion Papers Series, University of Naples, Parthenope, 2000

Manchester School, 2000

Family Firms and Entrepreneurial Human Capital in the Process of Development, 2015

In this paper we present a new theory accounting for the heterogeneous impact of family firms on ... more In this paper we present a new theory accounting for the heterogeneous impact of family firms on economic growth. We develop an overlapping generations model, where agents are heterogeneous in innate talent, and family firms have access to an additional source of managerial capital, family connections, which affects the incentives of the firms' owners to pass on the company within the family and invest in the entrepreneurial human capital of their heirs. Our theory predicts that family firms cluster into heterogeneous groups with different management practices, inducing, at the aggregate level, a misallocation of talent that affects economic growth and the evolution into either a dynamic or a stagnant society, depending on the productivity of family connections in doing business. This heterogeneity in management practices and entrepreneurial human capital explains the different contribution of family firms during industrialization, highlighting the many possible evolutionary patterns for the economy and long-run growth regimes. Consistent with the theory, we provide empirical evidence in favour of the importance of social connectivity among individuals for explaining the difference in management practices between family and non-family firms, and, in turn, the GDP per-capita across countries.