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Papers by Marianna Charalambous

APIK Journal of Internal Medicine, 2023

Review Article IntroductIon Despite still being incorrectly labeled as a Vitamin, Vitamin D is a ... more Review Article IntroductIon Despite still being incorrectly labeled as a Vitamin, Vitamin D is a crucial pro-hormone that must be synthesized to support bodily functions, [1,2] as it is necessary for the proper mineralization of newly formed bone (osteoid) and, consequently, for the normal formation and development of bone. [1,3] C27H44O is the chemical formula of the complex lipophilic molecule known as Vitamin D. Vitamin D can be obtained from two different sources: nutrition and cutaneous synthesis. However, environmental changes brought on by urbanization and industrialization have been linked to Vitamin D deficiency, a condition that reflects mostly people's access to sunlight and dietary sources of Vitamin D. [4] It is considered a common health problem affecting millions of people of any age and ethnicity. Traits of its implications have been traced on human remains since the past periods of human activity affecting individuals of any sex and age. [5] Most of them have been discovered through several studies on lower limbs [5-7] as well as in dentine. [8] The examination of Vitamin D insufficiency Introduction: Vitamin D plays a vital role as an essential nutrient for human health, but a significant number of people worldwide have a deficiency in this vitamin. Chronic Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several adverse health outcomes, including musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using academic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search terms included "Vitamin D deficiency," "chronic disease," "musculoskeletal disorders," "cardiovascular disease," "cancer," and "autoimmune disorders." We focused on articles that examined the link between chronic Vitamin D deficiency and various health outcomes. Results: Studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to several chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and CVD. Evidence indicates that inadequate levels of Vitamin D can increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as colorectal and breast cancer. Studies have also found that people with autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, have lower levels of Vitamin D compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions: The findings of this literature review highlight the importance of identifying and treating chronic Vitamin D deficiency to prevent or manage associated health conditions. Strategies to prevent Vitamin D deficiency include increased sun exposure, dietary changes, and Vitamin D supplementation. Regular screening for Vitamin D deficiency may also be necessary, particularly in high-risk populations. Clinicians should consider Vitamin D status when evaluating patients with chronic diseases and take appropriate steps to address any deficiencies.

Environments

Understanding the extent of human health risks with an emphasis on carcinogenesis development att... more Understanding the extent of human health risks with an emphasis on carcinogenesis development attributable to potentially toxic chemicals is critical to effective prevention and mitigation strategies. Chromium (Cr), mainly the hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), is a chemical associated with cancer when found in drinking water, making it a major public health issue. This study assessed a possible carcinogenic human health risk among the general population due to exposure to total or hexavalent chromium. We performed a systematic review of the international scientific literature, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to determine the human risk of cancer mortality and morbidity. In total, 76 articles were checked for eligibility, 13 of which were included in the final systematic review. Only scientific articles from January 2000 to November 2022 published on PubMed were included. Data from both epidemiological ecological stud...

Journal of Water and Health

Both in developed and developing countries, there is a growing concern about the dangerous hexava... more Both in developed and developing countries, there is a growing concern about the dangerous hexavalent chromium, in the consumption of drinking water. Hexavalent chromium is recognized to have a negative impact on the human body, both in the short and long term. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hexavalent chromium in water and its impact on human health. A systematic review of the international literature is applied, according to the instructions of PRISMA protocol, in the databases PubMed and Scopus, for the years 2005–2022. The systematic literature review was conducted using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appropriate keywords for exposure and outcome. A total of 18 studies met all inclusion criteria. Most research concludes that hexavalent chromium is a risk factor for humans, as opposed to trivalent chromium who is a protective factor. A study indicates the consumption of drinking water with high concentrations of hexavalent chromium, as a ...

APIK Journal of Internal Medicine, 2023

Review Article IntroductIon Despite still being incorrectly labeled as a Vitamin, Vitamin D is a ... more Review Article IntroductIon Despite still being incorrectly labeled as a Vitamin, Vitamin D is a crucial pro-hormone that must be synthesized to support bodily functions, [1,2] as it is necessary for the proper mineralization of newly formed bone (osteoid) and, consequently, for the normal formation and development of bone. [1,3] C27H44O is the chemical formula of the complex lipophilic molecule known as Vitamin D. Vitamin D can be obtained from two different sources: nutrition and cutaneous synthesis. However, environmental changes brought on by urbanization and industrialization have been linked to Vitamin D deficiency, a condition that reflects mostly people's access to sunlight and dietary sources of Vitamin D. [4] It is considered a common health problem affecting millions of people of any age and ethnicity. Traits of its implications have been traced on human remains since the past periods of human activity affecting individuals of any sex and age. [5] Most of them have been discovered through several studies on lower limbs [5-7] as well as in dentine. [8] The examination of Vitamin D insufficiency Introduction: Vitamin D plays a vital role as an essential nutrient for human health, but a significant number of people worldwide have a deficiency in this vitamin. Chronic Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several adverse health outcomes, including musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using academic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search terms included "Vitamin D deficiency," "chronic disease," "musculoskeletal disorders," "cardiovascular disease," "cancer," and "autoimmune disorders." We focused on articles that examined the link between chronic Vitamin D deficiency and various health outcomes. Results: Studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to several chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and CVD. Evidence indicates that inadequate levels of Vitamin D can increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as colorectal and breast cancer. Studies have also found that people with autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, have lower levels of Vitamin D compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions: The findings of this literature review highlight the importance of identifying and treating chronic Vitamin D deficiency to prevent or manage associated health conditions. Strategies to prevent Vitamin D deficiency include increased sun exposure, dietary changes, and Vitamin D supplementation. Regular screening for Vitamin D deficiency may also be necessary, particularly in high-risk populations. Clinicians should consider Vitamin D status when evaluating patients with chronic diseases and take appropriate steps to address any deficiencies.

Environments

Understanding the extent of human health risks with an emphasis on carcinogenesis development att... more Understanding the extent of human health risks with an emphasis on carcinogenesis development attributable to potentially toxic chemicals is critical to effective prevention and mitigation strategies. Chromium (Cr), mainly the hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), is a chemical associated with cancer when found in drinking water, making it a major public health issue. This study assessed a possible carcinogenic human health risk among the general population due to exposure to total or hexavalent chromium. We performed a systematic review of the international scientific literature, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to determine the human risk of cancer mortality and morbidity. In total, 76 articles were checked for eligibility, 13 of which were included in the final systematic review. Only scientific articles from January 2000 to November 2022 published on PubMed were included. Data from both epidemiological ecological stud...

Journal of Water and Health

Both in developed and developing countries, there is a growing concern about the dangerous hexava... more Both in developed and developing countries, there is a growing concern about the dangerous hexavalent chromium, in the consumption of drinking water. Hexavalent chromium is recognized to have a negative impact on the human body, both in the short and long term. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hexavalent chromium in water and its impact on human health. A systematic review of the international literature is applied, according to the instructions of PRISMA protocol, in the databases PubMed and Scopus, for the years 2005–2022. The systematic literature review was conducted using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appropriate keywords for exposure and outcome. A total of 18 studies met all inclusion criteria. Most research concludes that hexavalent chromium is a risk factor for humans, as opposed to trivalent chromium who is a protective factor. A study indicates the consumption of drinking water with high concentrations of hexavalent chromium, as a ...