Maribet McCarty - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Maribet McCarty

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy in Evaluation of Low-Flow Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Ejection Fraction May Depend Upon the Method of Calculating Stroke Volume

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A Data Mining Approach to Determine Sepsis Guideline Impact on Inpatient Mortality and Complications

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science, 2016

Sepsis incidents have doubled from 2000 through 2008, and hospitalizations for these diagnoses ha... more Sepsis incidents have doubled from 2000 through 2008, and hospitalizations for these diagnoses have increased by 70%. The use of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment; however, the effectiveness of the SSC guidelines in preventing complications for this population is unclear. The overall purpose of this study was to apply SSC guideline recommendations to EHR data for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and determine guideline compliance as well as its impact on inpatient mortality and sepsis complications. Propensity Score Matching in conjuction with Bootstrap Simulation were used to match patients with and without exposure to the SSC recommendations. Findings showed that EHR data could be used to estimate compliance with SSC recommendations as well as the effect of compliance on outcomes. Compliance with guideline recommendations ranged from 9% to 100%. For individual recommendations with sufficient data, association with...

Research paper thumbnail of Increased Likelihood of Missed Appointments ("No Shows") for Racial/Ethnic Minorities in a Safety Net Health System

Journal of primary care & community health, Jan 18, 2015

Missed appointments have been linked to adverse outcomes known to affect racial/ethnic minorities... more Missed appointments have been linked to adverse outcomes known to affect racial/ethnic minorities. However, the association of missed appointments with race/ethnicity has not been determined. We sought to determine the relationships between race/ethnicity and missed appointments by performing a cross-sectional study of 161 350 patients in a safety net health system. Several race/ethnicity categories were significantly associated with missed appointment rates, including Hispanic/Latino patients, American Indian/Alaskan Native patients, and Black/African American patients, as compared with White non-Hispanic patients. Other significant predictors included Mexico as country of origin, medical complexity, and major mental illness. We recommend additional research to determine which interventions best reduce missed appointments for minority populations in order to improve the care of vulnerable patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurse Smoking Cessation Role Beliefs Measure

Research paper thumbnail of Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily

American Journal of Public Health, 1998

This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-da... more This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-daily smoking in the United States. Descriptive demographic data and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with never-daily smoking. Lifetime never-daily smokers constituted a significant minority of non-White smokers. There was a strong association between never-daily smoking and college education among young adults, particularly men. Although never-daily smoking was associated with initiation behavior among young smokers, it also represented a persistent pattern for some smokers, particularly non-Whites and Hispanics. The demographic distribution of never-daily smoking may have implications for developing culturally appropriate smoking prevention and cessation strategies.

Research paper thumbnail of Barriers Among Nurses to Providing Smoking Cessation Advice to Hospitalized Smokers

American Journal of Health Promotion, 2001

Nine focus groups were conducted with 75 staff nurses in three hospitals to determine the low par... more Nine focus groups were conducted with 75 staff nurses in three hospitals to determine the low participation rate of nurses in a smoking cessation programs directed at patients. Nurses felt that hospitalization was an appropriate time to offer quit-smoking advice to patients, particularly those with smoking related diseases. However, many felt advice should be given only to those receptive to it. The most common barriers to providing smoking cessation advice were lack of concrete techniques, or referral to provide and fear of alienating patients who were not receptive to hearing advice.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental, Family, and Home Characteristics Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents

American Journal of Health Promotion, 2003

This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors w... more This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors with adolescents' cigarette use. Cross-sectional surveys of adolescents, via a self-administered questionnaire in classrooms, and their parents, via a telephone interview, were conducted. Fifteen suburban and rural communities within Minnesota. The study sample included 8th, 9th, and 10th grade public school students and their parents. The dependent variable was monthly tobacco use among students. The independent measures were parental, family, and home smoking-related characteristics. There were 1343 parent-child dyads with completed surveys. The final, multivariate logistic regression model found the following variables to be independently related to higher smoking rates among adolescents: child's grade (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03 for 10th vs. 8th), parents' permissiveness of adult smoking (OR = 1.80), parents' having higher normative estimates of how many people smoke (OR = 1.70), parents' decreased likelihood of punishing their teenager for smoking (OR = 1.65), smoking by an adult living in the home (OR = 1.99), and sibling smoking (OR = 8.95). Lack of communication about consequences for breaking family smoking rules was associated with lower smoking rates among adolescents (OR = .49). The results of this study highlight the importance of parental smoking norms and attitudes and smoking role models in the home. It is important that smoking prevention strategies target and include the entire family. Limitations of the study are its cross-sectional design and that the sample was primarily white.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and characteristics of vaccine refusers

BMC Pediatrics, 2009

Background This study evaluated the utility of immunization registries in identifying vaccine ref... more Background This study evaluated the utility of immunization registries in identifying vaccine refusals among children. Among refusers, we studied their socioeconomic characteristics and health care utilization patterns. Methods Medical records were reviewed to validate refusal status in the immunization registries of two health plans. Racial, education, and income characteristics of children claiming refusal were collected based on the census tract of each child. Health care utilization was identified using both electronic medical record and insurance claims. Within the immunization registries of two HMOs in the study, some providers use refusal and medical contraindication interchangeably, and some providers tend to always use "ever refusal." Therefore, we combined medical contraindication and refusal together and treated them all as "refusal" in this study. Results The immunization registry, compared to chart review, had negative predictive values of 85–92% and 90–97% for 2- and 6-year olds, and positive predictive values of only 52–74% and 59–62% to identify vaccine refusals. Refusers were more likely to reside in well-educated, higher income areas than non-refusers. Refusers had not opted out of health care system and continued, although less frequently for the age 2 and under group, to use services. Conclusion Without enhancements to immunization registries, identifying children with immunization refusal would be time consuming. Since communities where refusers live are well educated, interventions should target these communities to communicate vaccine adverse events and consequences of vaccine preventable diseases.

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract PS1-29: Social Characteristics and Health Care Utilization Associated With Exemption From Immunization

Clinical Medicine & Research, 2008

HMORN 2008 -Poster Presentations of patients due for CRC screening, discussions did occur and spe... more HMORN 2008 -Poster Presentations of patients due for CRC screening, discussions did occur and specific recommendations frequently were made for CRC screening. Other cancer screening and preventive issues were discussed, but less frequently. PCPs are uniquely positioned to impact the delivery of these preventive measures and seem to be successfully striving to meet guidelines, particularly those for CRC screening.

Research paper thumbnail of Young Adult Smokers: Are They Different

To compare smoking-cessation interest and behaviors in younger and older smokers to develop bette... more To compare smoking-cessation interest and behaviors in younger and older smokers to develop better smoking-cessation strategies for younger smokers. Mail survey with phone follow-up of age-stratified members of a large Midwestern health plan to identify current and former smokers, followed by a second follow-up survey of this subgroup 12 months later. The follow-up survey asked about change in smoking status, quit attempts, interest in quitting, and experience with various aids to quitting. Analyses compared adults age 18-24 years with adults age 25-65 years. Follow-up surveys were completed by 66.5% of subjects. Young adults smoked at much higher rates than older adults (24.5% vs 17.1%), but were less likely to smoke daily or to smoke as many cigarettes. Young adults were as likely to be interested in quitting and more likely to report a quit attempt in the past year (60.6% vs 49.6%; P = .009), but these attempts were much more likely to be unaided (51.2% vs 33.7%; P = .0003). They also were more likely to report decreasing smoking in response to new restrictions on smoking in restaurants and bars (37.2 % vs 24.7%; P = .001). Higher rates of smoking among young adults don't reflect less interest in quitting, fewer quit attempts, or less success in quitting compared with older adults. However, their reports of receiving or using much less help in quitting suggest that health plans and clinicians might be able to increase this group's cessation with more active support.

Research paper thumbnail of Smoking and Cessation Behaviors Among Young Adults of Various Educational Backgrounds

American Journal of Public Health, 2007

 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds ... more  RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds of young adult smokers (aged 18 to 24 years) affect their cessation attitudes or behaviors in ways that could be used to improve smoking interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Smoking and Cessation Behaviors Among Young Adults of Various Educational Backgrounds

 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds ... more  RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds of young adult smokers (aged 18 to 24 years) affect their cessation attitudes or behaviors in ways that could be used to improve smoking interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Automated inter-rater reliability assessment and electronic data collection in a multi-center breast cancer study

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2007

The choice between paper data collection methods and electronic data collection (EDC) methods has... more The choice between paper data collection methods and electronic data collection (EDC) methods has become a key question for clinical researchers. There remains a need to examine potential benefits, efficiencies, and innovations associated with an EDC system in a multicenter medical record review study.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of quitting in hospitalized smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2003

Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors... more Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors of quitting among hospitalized smokers. Patients reported smoking history and demographic characteristics during in-hospital baseline interviews. Discharge diagnosis also was collected. Smoking status was ascertained in interviews at 7 days and at 12 months after discharge. A total of 2,350 patients in four Minneapolis and St. Paul (Twin Cities), Minnesota, area hospitals participated in the study; 1,477 patients who provided data at both follow-ups and whose 12-month self-report of quitting was corroborated by cotinine analysis of saliva samples were included in the current analyses. Predictors of both short- and long-term abstinence in the multivariate analysis included smoking-related illness, age (those who were older were more likely to be abstinent), stage of change (precontemplators were least likely to quit, and those initially in action were most likely to quit), and time to first cigarette (those who reported smoking within 5 min of awakening were least likely to quit). The predictors presented few surprises; the most important finding may have been that the experience of hospitalization itself led to substantial long-term quitting for virtually all categories of hospitalized smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of quitting in hospitalized smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2003

Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors... more Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors of quitting among hospitalized smokers. Patients reported smoking history and demographic characteristics during in-hospital baseline interviews. Discharge diagnosis also was collected. Smoking status was ascertained in interviews at 7 days and at 12 months after discharge. A total of 2,350 patients in four Minneapolis and St. Paul (Twin Cities), Minnesota, area hospitals participated in the study; 1,477 patients who provided data at both follow-ups and whose 12-month self-report of quitting was corroborated by cotinine analysis of saliva samples were included in the current analyses. Predictors of both short- and long-term abstinence in the multivariate analysis included smoking-related illness, age (those who were older were more likely to be abstinent), stage of change (precontemplators were least likely to quit, and those initially in action were most likely to quit), and time to first cigarette (those who reported smoking within 5 min of awakening were least likely to quit). The predictors presented few surprises; the most important finding may have been that the experience of hospitalization itself led to substantial long-term quitting for virtually all categories of hospitalized smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Patient recall versus physician documentation in report of smoking cessation counselling performed in the inpatient setting

Tobacco Control, 2000

Objectives-To determine rates of patient reported and physician documented counselling; to identi... more Objectives-To determine rates of patient reported and physician documented counselling; to identify predictors of each report; and to identify the impact of each report on smoking cessation attempts after discharge from the hospital. Design-Stickers on subjects' charts prompted physicians to give brief smoking cessation counselling to patients in the hospital. Patients reported counselling received and quit attempts in a phone interview conducted 7-18 days after discharge. Rates of counselling and correlations were calculated, and multivariate analysis identified predictors of patient report, physician documentation, and quit attempts.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses' Attitudes Concerning the Delivery of Brief Cessation Advice to Hospitalized Smokers

Preventive Medicine, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of The TEAM project: the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention with hospital patients

Preventive Medicine, 2005

Background. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for t... more Background. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for this population: (1) modified usual care (UC); (2) brief advice (A); and (3) brief advice plus more extended counseling during and after hospitalization (A + C).

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy in Evaluation of Low-Flow Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Ejection Fraction May Depend Upon the Method of Calculating Stroke Volume

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A Data Mining Approach to Determine Sepsis Guideline Impact on Inpatient Mortality and Complications

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science, 2016

Sepsis incidents have doubled from 2000 through 2008, and hospitalizations for these diagnoses ha... more Sepsis incidents have doubled from 2000 through 2008, and hospitalizations for these diagnoses have increased by 70%. The use of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment; however, the effectiveness of the SSC guidelines in preventing complications for this population is unclear. The overall purpose of this study was to apply SSC guideline recommendations to EHR data for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and determine guideline compliance as well as its impact on inpatient mortality and sepsis complications. Propensity Score Matching in conjuction with Bootstrap Simulation were used to match patients with and without exposure to the SSC recommendations. Findings showed that EHR data could be used to estimate compliance with SSC recommendations as well as the effect of compliance on outcomes. Compliance with guideline recommendations ranged from 9% to 100%. For individual recommendations with sufficient data, association with...

Research paper thumbnail of Increased Likelihood of Missed Appointments ("No Shows") for Racial/Ethnic Minorities in a Safety Net Health System

Journal of primary care & community health, Jan 18, 2015

Missed appointments have been linked to adverse outcomes known to affect racial/ethnic minorities... more Missed appointments have been linked to adverse outcomes known to affect racial/ethnic minorities. However, the association of missed appointments with race/ethnicity has not been determined. We sought to determine the relationships between race/ethnicity and missed appointments by performing a cross-sectional study of 161 350 patients in a safety net health system. Several race/ethnicity categories were significantly associated with missed appointment rates, including Hispanic/Latino patients, American Indian/Alaskan Native patients, and Black/African American patients, as compared with White non-Hispanic patients. Other significant predictors included Mexico as country of origin, medical complexity, and major mental illness. We recommend additional research to determine which interventions best reduce missed appointments for minority populations in order to improve the care of vulnerable patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurse Smoking Cessation Role Beliefs Measure

Research paper thumbnail of Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily

American Journal of Public Health, 1998

This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-da... more This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-daily smoking in the United States. Descriptive demographic data and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with never-daily smoking. Lifetime never-daily smokers constituted a significant minority of non-White smokers. There was a strong association between never-daily smoking and college education among young adults, particularly men. Although never-daily smoking was associated with initiation behavior among young smokers, it also represented a persistent pattern for some smokers, particularly non-Whites and Hispanics. The demographic distribution of never-daily smoking may have implications for developing culturally appropriate smoking prevention and cessation strategies.

Research paper thumbnail of Barriers Among Nurses to Providing Smoking Cessation Advice to Hospitalized Smokers

American Journal of Health Promotion, 2001

Nine focus groups were conducted with 75 staff nurses in three hospitals to determine the low par... more Nine focus groups were conducted with 75 staff nurses in three hospitals to determine the low participation rate of nurses in a smoking cessation programs directed at patients. Nurses felt that hospitalization was an appropriate time to offer quit-smoking advice to patients, particularly those with smoking related diseases. However, many felt advice should be given only to those receptive to it. The most common barriers to providing smoking cessation advice were lack of concrete techniques, or referral to provide and fear of alienating patients who were not receptive to hearing advice.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental, Family, and Home Characteristics Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents

American Journal of Health Promotion, 2003

This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors w... more This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors with adolescents' cigarette use. Cross-sectional surveys of adolescents, via a self-administered questionnaire in classrooms, and their parents, via a telephone interview, were conducted. Fifteen suburban and rural communities within Minnesota. The study sample included 8th, 9th, and 10th grade public school students and their parents. The dependent variable was monthly tobacco use among students. The independent measures were parental, family, and home smoking-related characteristics. There were 1343 parent-child dyads with completed surveys. The final, multivariate logistic regression model found the following variables to be independently related to higher smoking rates among adolescents: child's grade (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03 for 10th vs. 8th), parents' permissiveness of adult smoking (OR = 1.80), parents' having higher normative estimates of how many people smoke (OR = 1.70), parents' decreased likelihood of punishing their teenager for smoking (OR = 1.65), smoking by an adult living in the home (OR = 1.99), and sibling smoking (OR = 8.95). Lack of communication about consequences for breaking family smoking rules was associated with lower smoking rates among adolescents (OR = .49). The results of this study highlight the importance of parental smoking norms and attitudes and smoking role models in the home. It is important that smoking prevention strategies target and include the entire family. Limitations of the study are its cross-sectional design and that the sample was primarily white.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and characteristics of vaccine refusers

BMC Pediatrics, 2009

Background This study evaluated the utility of immunization registries in identifying vaccine ref... more Background This study evaluated the utility of immunization registries in identifying vaccine refusals among children. Among refusers, we studied their socioeconomic characteristics and health care utilization patterns. Methods Medical records were reviewed to validate refusal status in the immunization registries of two health plans. Racial, education, and income characteristics of children claiming refusal were collected based on the census tract of each child. Health care utilization was identified using both electronic medical record and insurance claims. Within the immunization registries of two HMOs in the study, some providers use refusal and medical contraindication interchangeably, and some providers tend to always use "ever refusal." Therefore, we combined medical contraindication and refusal together and treated them all as "refusal" in this study. Results The immunization registry, compared to chart review, had negative predictive values of 85–92% and 90–97% for 2- and 6-year olds, and positive predictive values of only 52–74% and 59–62% to identify vaccine refusals. Refusers were more likely to reside in well-educated, higher income areas than non-refusers. Refusers had not opted out of health care system and continued, although less frequently for the age 2 and under group, to use services. Conclusion Without enhancements to immunization registries, identifying children with immunization refusal would be time consuming. Since communities where refusers live are well educated, interventions should target these communities to communicate vaccine adverse events and consequences of vaccine preventable diseases.

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract PS1-29: Social Characteristics and Health Care Utilization Associated With Exemption From Immunization

Clinical Medicine & Research, 2008

HMORN 2008 -Poster Presentations of patients due for CRC screening, discussions did occur and spe... more HMORN 2008 -Poster Presentations of patients due for CRC screening, discussions did occur and specific recommendations frequently were made for CRC screening. Other cancer screening and preventive issues were discussed, but less frequently. PCPs are uniquely positioned to impact the delivery of these preventive measures and seem to be successfully striving to meet guidelines, particularly those for CRC screening.

Research paper thumbnail of Young Adult Smokers: Are They Different

To compare smoking-cessation interest and behaviors in younger and older smokers to develop bette... more To compare smoking-cessation interest and behaviors in younger and older smokers to develop better smoking-cessation strategies for younger smokers. Mail survey with phone follow-up of age-stratified members of a large Midwestern health plan to identify current and former smokers, followed by a second follow-up survey of this subgroup 12 months later. The follow-up survey asked about change in smoking status, quit attempts, interest in quitting, and experience with various aids to quitting. Analyses compared adults age 18-24 years with adults age 25-65 years. Follow-up surveys were completed by 66.5% of subjects. Young adults smoked at much higher rates than older adults (24.5% vs 17.1%), but were less likely to smoke daily or to smoke as many cigarettes. Young adults were as likely to be interested in quitting and more likely to report a quit attempt in the past year (60.6% vs 49.6%; P = .009), but these attempts were much more likely to be unaided (51.2% vs 33.7%; P = .0003). They also were more likely to report decreasing smoking in response to new restrictions on smoking in restaurants and bars (37.2 % vs 24.7%; P = .001). Higher rates of smoking among young adults don't reflect less interest in quitting, fewer quit attempts, or less success in quitting compared with older adults. However, their reports of receiving or using much less help in quitting suggest that health plans and clinicians might be able to increase this group's cessation with more active support.

Research paper thumbnail of Smoking and Cessation Behaviors Among Young Adults of Various Educational Backgrounds

American Journal of Public Health, 2007

 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds ... more  RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds of young adult smokers (aged 18 to 24 years) affect their cessation attitudes or behaviors in ways that could be used to improve smoking interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Smoking and Cessation Behaviors Among Young Adults of Various Educational Backgrounds

 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds ... more  RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. We sought to determine whether the educational backgrounds of young adult smokers (aged 18 to 24 years) affect their cessation attitudes or behaviors in ways that could be used to improve smoking interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Automated inter-rater reliability assessment and electronic data collection in a multi-center breast cancer study

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2007

The choice between paper data collection methods and electronic data collection (EDC) methods has... more The choice between paper data collection methods and electronic data collection (EDC) methods has become a key question for clinical researchers. There remains a need to examine potential benefits, efficiencies, and innovations associated with an EDC system in a multicenter medical record review study.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of quitting in hospitalized smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2003

Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors... more Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors of quitting among hospitalized smokers. Patients reported smoking history and demographic characteristics during in-hospital baseline interviews. Discharge diagnosis also was collected. Smoking status was ascertained in interviews at 7 days and at 12 months after discharge. A total of 2,350 patients in four Minneapolis and St. Paul (Twin Cities), Minnesota, area hospitals participated in the study; 1,477 patients who provided data at both follow-ups and whose 12-month self-report of quitting was corroborated by cotinine analysis of saliva samples were included in the current analyses. Predictors of both short- and long-term abstinence in the multivariate analysis included smoking-related illness, age (those who were older were more likely to be abstinent), stage of change (precontemplators were least likely to quit, and those initially in action were most likely to quit), and time to first cigarette (those who reported smoking within 5 min of awakening were least likely to quit). The predictors presented few surprises; the most important finding may have been that the experience of hospitalization itself led to substantial long-term quitting for virtually all categories of hospitalized smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of quitting in hospitalized smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2003

Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors... more Hospitalization represents a teachable moment for quitting. The current study examined predictors of quitting among hospitalized smokers. Patients reported smoking history and demographic characteristics during in-hospital baseline interviews. Discharge diagnosis also was collected. Smoking status was ascertained in interviews at 7 days and at 12 months after discharge. A total of 2,350 patients in four Minneapolis and St. Paul (Twin Cities), Minnesota, area hospitals participated in the study; 1,477 patients who provided data at both follow-ups and whose 12-month self-report of quitting was corroborated by cotinine analysis of saliva samples were included in the current analyses. Predictors of both short- and long-term abstinence in the multivariate analysis included smoking-related illness, age (those who were older were more likely to be abstinent), stage of change (precontemplators were least likely to quit, and those initially in action were most likely to quit), and time to first cigarette (those who reported smoking within 5 min of awakening were least likely to quit). The predictors presented few surprises; the most important finding may have been that the experience of hospitalization itself led to substantial long-term quitting for virtually all categories of hospitalized smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Patient recall versus physician documentation in report of smoking cessation counselling performed in the inpatient setting

Tobacco Control, 2000

Objectives-To determine rates of patient reported and physician documented counselling; to identi... more Objectives-To determine rates of patient reported and physician documented counselling; to identify predictors of each report; and to identify the impact of each report on smoking cessation attempts after discharge from the hospital. Design-Stickers on subjects' charts prompted physicians to give brief smoking cessation counselling to patients in the hospital. Patients reported counselling received and quit attempts in a phone interview conducted 7-18 days after discharge. Rates of counselling and correlations were calculated, and multivariate analysis identified predictors of patient report, physician documentation, and quit attempts.

Research paper thumbnail of Nurses' Attitudes Concerning the Delivery of Brief Cessation Advice to Hospitalized Smokers

Preventive Medicine, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of The TEAM project: the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention with hospital patients

Preventive Medicine, 2005

Background. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for t... more Background. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for this population: (1) modified usual care (UC); (2) brief advice (A); and (3) brief advice plus more extended counseling during and after hospitalization (A + C).