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Papers by Marie Nord
Learning & Memory
Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is n... more Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is not fully clear which memory functions are subject to an enhancing odor context reinstatement effect. Here, we tested whether congruent odor context during encoding and recall positively affected declarative and nondeclarative memory scores using a novel method for manipulation of an odorous environment; namely, intranasal Nosa plugs. Recall of a text and a complex figure as well as performance in a priming task were assessed immediately and 1 wk after encoding. We found that congruent odor exposure at encoding and recall aided free retrieval of a story at delayed testing but had no significant effect on a complex figure recall or a word completion task. Differences between the assessed memory indices suggest that olfactory environmental cues may be primarily efficient in free verbal recall tasks.
Stereotyper och kategoriseringar anvands dagligen for att bedoma situationer och manniskor samt a... more Stereotyper och kategoriseringar anvands dagligen for att bedoma situationer och manniskor samt att fatta beslut. Detta innebar att vi kan bli kognitivt begransade och inte alltid forhalla oss obje ...
An ambient odour of anise was used in a context-dependent memory study with three different memor... more An ambient odour of anise was used in a context-dependent memory study with three different memory tasks targeting both declarative and non-declarative memory functions. Declarative memory was asse ...
The Journal of pediatrics, Jan 2, 2018
To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test t... more To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in children, which we called the Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) test. This is a multicenter study involving 19 countries. The U-Sniff test was developed in 3 phases including 1760 children age 5-7 years. Phase 1: identification of potentially recognizable odors; phase 2: selection of odorants for the odor identification test; and phase 3: evaluation of the test and acquisition of normative data. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subgroup of children (n = 27), and the test was validated using children with congenital anosmia (n = 14). Twelve odors were familiar to children and, therefore, included in the U-Sniff test. Children scored a mean ± SD of 9.88 ± 1.80 points out of 12. Normative data was obtained and reported for each country. The U-Sniff test demonstrated a high test-retest reliability (r = 0.83, P < .001) and enabled discrimination betwee...
Perception, 2017
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyper-or hy... more Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyper-or hyporeactivity) although evidence is scarce regarding olfactory abilities in ASD; 16 adults with highfunctioning ASD (mean age: 38.2, SD: 9.7) and 14 healthy control subjects (mean age: 42.0 years, SD: 12.5) were assessed in odor threshold, free and cued odor identification, and perceived pleasantness, intensity, and edibility of everyday odors. Although results showed no differences between groups, the Bayes Factors (close to 1) suggested that the evidence for no group differences on the threshold and identification tests was inconclusive. In contrast, there was some evidence for no group differences on perceived edibility (BF 01 ¼ 2.69) and perceived intensity (BF 01 ¼ 2.80). These results do not provide conclusive evidence for or against differences between ASD and healthy controls on olfactory abilities. However, they suggest that there are no apparent group differences in subjective ratings of odors.
Learning & Memory
Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is n... more Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is not fully clear which memory functions are subject to an enhancing odor context reinstatement effect. Here, we tested whether congruent odor context during encoding and recall positively affected declarative and nondeclarative memory scores using a novel method for manipulation of an odorous environment; namely, intranasal Nosa plugs. Recall of a text and a complex figure as well as performance in a priming task were assessed immediately and 1 wk after encoding. We found that congruent odor exposure at encoding and recall aided free retrieval of a story at delayed testing but had no significant effect on a complex figure recall or a word completion task. Differences between the assessed memory indices suggest that olfactory environmental cues may be primarily efficient in free verbal recall tasks.
Stereotyper och kategoriseringar anvands dagligen for att bedoma situationer och manniskor samt a... more Stereotyper och kategoriseringar anvands dagligen for att bedoma situationer och manniskor samt att fatta beslut. Detta innebar att vi kan bli kognitivt begransade och inte alltid forhalla oss obje ...
An ambient odour of anise was used in a context-dependent memory study with three different memor... more An ambient odour of anise was used in a context-dependent memory study with three different memory tasks targeting both declarative and non-declarative memory functions. Declarative memory was asse ...
The Journal of pediatrics, Jan 2, 2018
To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test t... more To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in children, which we called the Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) test. This is a multicenter study involving 19 countries. The U-Sniff test was developed in 3 phases including 1760 children age 5-7 years. Phase 1: identification of potentially recognizable odors; phase 2: selection of odorants for the odor identification test; and phase 3: evaluation of the test and acquisition of normative data. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subgroup of children (n = 27), and the test was validated using children with congenital anosmia (n = 14). Twelve odors were familiar to children and, therefore, included in the U-Sniff test. Children scored a mean ± SD of 9.88 ± 1.80 points out of 12. Normative data was obtained and reported for each country. The U-Sniff test demonstrated a high test-retest reliability (r = 0.83, P < .001) and enabled discrimination betwee...
Perception, 2017
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyper-or hy... more Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyper-or hyporeactivity) although evidence is scarce regarding olfactory abilities in ASD; 16 adults with highfunctioning ASD (mean age: 38.2, SD: 9.7) and 14 healthy control subjects (mean age: 42.0 years, SD: 12.5) were assessed in odor threshold, free and cued odor identification, and perceived pleasantness, intensity, and edibility of everyday odors. Although results showed no differences between groups, the Bayes Factors (close to 1) suggested that the evidence for no group differences on the threshold and identification tests was inconclusive. In contrast, there was some evidence for no group differences on perceived edibility (BF 01 ¼ 2.69) and perceived intensity (BF 01 ¼ 2.80). These results do not provide conclusive evidence for or against differences between ASD and healthy controls on olfactory abilities. However, they suggest that there are no apparent group differences in subjective ratings of odors.