Marilou Lucas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marilou Lucas
Asian journal of agriculture and development, Dec 15, 2011
This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-... more This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-based cropping patterns in the rainfed lowland ecosystems of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Likert scale and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to assess the farmers' risk perceptions while the experimental method was applied to determine the farmers' risk attitudes (i.e., risk averse, risk neutral, or risk taker). Regression analysis highlights the significant factors affecting perceptions and attitudes. Resource-endowed and resource-poor farmers generally perceived various risk sources as moderately low regardless of crops planted. However, on the average, resource-poor farmers were more likely to consider farming as not risky possibly because they had little to lose or gain compared to their resource-endowed counterparts. By source of risk, both farmer groups perceived that farming is relatively risky considering the increasing price of fertilizer and environmental factors (e.g., weather), which are beyond their control. By crop, the farmers considered rice and corn as relatively risky compared to other crops. The major crops are rice during the wet season and corn in the dry season. High fertilizer costs and erratic climatic conditions usually burden the farmers during the wet season. Similarly, corn output is badly affected by adverse weather circumstances. Farm size and wealth are the variables that affect the farmers' risk perceptions. The farmers in Ilocos Norte were found to be generally risk averse. Wealth, age, and availability of credit are important determinants of the farmers' risk attitudes, but their impacts vary across cropping patterns.
The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact th... more The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact the author(s) to request a copy of the material
This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-... more This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-based cropping patterns in the rainfed lowland ecosystems of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Likert scale and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to assess the farmers' risk perceptions while the experimental method was applied to determine the farmers' risk attitudes (i.e., risk averse, risk neutral, or risk taker). Regression analysis highlights the significant factors affecting perceptions and attitudes. Resource-endowed and resource-poor farmers generally perceived various risk sources as moderately low regardless of crops planted. However, on the average, resource-poor farmers were more likely to consider farming as not risky possibly because they had little to lose or gain compared to their resource-endowed counterparts. By source of risk, both farmer groups perceived that farming is relatively risky considering the increasing price of fertilizer and environmental factors (e.g...
Farming in the rainfed lowlands of northwest Luzon, the Philippines, is highly intensive, diversi... more Farming in the rainfed lowlands of northwest Luzon, the Philippines, is highly intensive, diversified, and commercialized. The cropping system is predominantly rice-based in the wet season and high-value cash crops are grown during the dry season. Using panel data from 100 randomly selected farmers, a stochastic input distance function is used to investigate the technical efficiencies and scope economies in
Preliminary studies on the utility of 95% Azeotrope Ethanol (MMSU 95 hBE) as oxygenate and gasoho... more Preliminary studies on the utility of 95% Azeotrope Ethanol (MMSU 95 hBE) as oxygenate and gasohol fuel in mobile and stationary engines paved the way for the Department of Energy (DOE)-funded project, Village Scale Production of MMSU Hydrous Ethanol as Feedstock for R&D in Biofuel Trials and Anhydrous Ethanol Production. Two components of the project are reported here: (1) the scaled-up production and optimization trials of MMSU 95 hBE and (2) the performance evaluation of hydrous bioethanol as oxygenate and gasohol blend in spark ignition engines. The first component focused on the bulk production of hydrous ethanol, including experimental trials to improve the fermentation and distillation efficiencies under scaled-up conditions. Integrated studies of the first component included: 1) yeast activation period; 2) sugar concentration; and 3) energy and water-cost efficient reflux distillation system. Previous lab scale fermentation experiments used 4-6hr aerobic activation periods b...
Asian journal of agriculture and development, Dec 15, 2011
This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-... more This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-based cropping patterns in the rainfed lowland ecosystems of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Likert scale and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to assess the farmers' risk perceptions while the experimental method was applied to determine the farmers' risk attitudes (i.e., risk averse, risk neutral, or risk taker). Regression analysis highlights the significant factors affecting perceptions and attitudes. Resource-endowed and resource-poor farmers generally perceived various risk sources as moderately low regardless of crops planted. However, on the average, resource-poor farmers were more likely to consider farming as not risky possibly because they had little to lose or gain compared to their resource-endowed counterparts. By source of risk, both farmer groups perceived that farming is relatively risky considering the increasing price of fertilizer and environmental factors (e.g., weather), which are beyond their control. By crop, the farmers considered rice and corn as relatively risky compared to other crops. The major crops are rice during the wet season and corn in the dry season. High fertilizer costs and erratic climatic conditions usually burden the farmers during the wet season. Similarly, corn output is badly affected by adverse weather circumstances. Farm size and wealth are the variables that affect the farmers' risk perceptions. The farmers in Ilocos Norte were found to be generally risk averse. Wealth, age, and availability of credit are important determinants of the farmers' risk attitudes, but their impacts vary across cropping patterns.
The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact th... more The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact the author(s) to request a copy of the material
This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-... more This study analyzes the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of farmers practicing different rice-based cropping patterns in the rainfed lowland ecosystems of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Likert scale and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to assess the farmers' risk perceptions while the experimental method was applied to determine the farmers' risk attitudes (i.e., risk averse, risk neutral, or risk taker). Regression analysis highlights the significant factors affecting perceptions and attitudes. Resource-endowed and resource-poor farmers generally perceived various risk sources as moderately low regardless of crops planted. However, on the average, resource-poor farmers were more likely to consider farming as not risky possibly because they had little to lose or gain compared to their resource-endowed counterparts. By source of risk, both farmer groups perceived that farming is relatively risky considering the increasing price of fertilizer and environmental factors (e.g...
Farming in the rainfed lowlands of northwest Luzon, the Philippines, is highly intensive, diversi... more Farming in the rainfed lowlands of northwest Luzon, the Philippines, is highly intensive, diversified, and commercialized. The cropping system is predominantly rice-based in the wet season and high-value cash crops are grown during the dry season. Using panel data from 100 randomly selected farmers, a stochastic input distance function is used to investigate the technical efficiencies and scope economies in
Preliminary studies on the utility of 95% Azeotrope Ethanol (MMSU 95 hBE) as oxygenate and gasoho... more Preliminary studies on the utility of 95% Azeotrope Ethanol (MMSU 95 hBE) as oxygenate and gasohol fuel in mobile and stationary engines paved the way for the Department of Energy (DOE)-funded project, Village Scale Production of MMSU Hydrous Ethanol as Feedstock for R&D in Biofuel Trials and Anhydrous Ethanol Production. Two components of the project are reported here: (1) the scaled-up production and optimization trials of MMSU 95 hBE and (2) the performance evaluation of hydrous bioethanol as oxygenate and gasohol blend in spark ignition engines. The first component focused on the bulk production of hydrous ethanol, including experimental trials to improve the fermentation and distillation efficiencies under scaled-up conditions. Integrated studies of the first component included: 1) yeast activation period; 2) sugar concentration; and 3) energy and water-cost efficient reflux distillation system. Previous lab scale fermentation experiments used 4-6hr aerobic activation periods b...