Marilyn Goldhaber - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marilyn Goldhaber
American Journal of Public Health, 1991
Letters to the Editor are welcomed and willbepublished, iffoundsuitable, as spacepenits. Submissi... more Letters to the Editor are welcomed and willbepublished, iffoundsuitable, as spacepenits. Submission ofa Letter to the Editor constitutes pennission for its publication in the JoumaL Letters should not duplicate similar material being submitted orpublished elsewhere. Letters refermng to a recent Journal arficle should be received within three months ofthe article'spublication. The editors reserve the righ to edit and abridge letters, topublish replies, and to solicit responses from authors and others. Letters should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced (including references), and should not exceed 400 words.
American Journal of Public Health, 1989
A case-control study, examining the effect of first trimester maternal caffeine consumption on lo... more A case-control study, examining the effect of first trimester maternal caffeine consumption on low birthweight, was performed in the Kaiser Permanent Medical Care Program. Heavy consumption (greater than 3 servings/day) of coffee, cola and greater than 300 mg/day of caffeine from all sources (coffee, tea and cola) was associated with a marginally increased risk of low birthweight. Our data support previous findings of a modest effect of caffeine consumption on fetal growth.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1989
... Authors' Response. VDTs and miscarriage. Marilyn K. Goldhaber Mph,; Michael R. Polen Ma,... more ... Authors' Response. VDTs and miscarriage. Marilyn K. Goldhaber Mph,; Michael R. Polen Ma,; Robert A. Hiatt Md, Phd. Article first published online: 2 FEB 2011. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700150314. Copyright © 1989 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. Issue. ...
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988
Use of visual display terminals (VDTs) was examined in a case-control study of pregnancy outcome ... more Use of visual display terminals (VDTs) was examined in a case-control study of pregnancy outcome among 1,583 pregnant women who attended three Kaiser Permanente obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Northern California, 198 1-1982. We found a significantly elevated risk of miscarriage for working women who reported using VDTs for more than 20 hr per week during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to other working women who reported not using VDTs (odds ratio 1.8, 95% C1: 1.2-2.8). This risk could not be explained by age, education, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, or other maternal characteristics. No significantly elevated risk for birth defects was found among working women although odds ratios were 1.4 for both moderate and high VDT exposure, compared with no exposure (95% CI: 0.7-2.7 and 0.7-2.9, respectively). One possible explanation for these findings is that women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes may have overreported their exposures to VDTs and/or women with normal births may have underreported theirs. The findings may also be due to unmeasured factors confounded with high VDT use such as poor ergonomic conditions or job-related stress. That VDTs themselves are hazardous to the pregnant operator remains a possibility. Our results underscore the need for large cohort studies of working women that will provide objective measures of VDT exposures, ergonomic factors, and stress.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
American Journal of Public Health, 1984
EDITOR health effects associated with materials used in energy conservation. In this regard, we s... more EDITOR health effects associated with materials used in energy conservation. In this regard, we stated there were no reported health effects from the use of vermiculite. It is interesting to note that the vermiculite used for packing and insulation materials is treated at temperatures between 300°C-700°C so as to expand or "puff up" the mineral from the rapidly released steam from the water of hydration. Chrysotile, in common with the other asbestos minerals, undergoes decomposition by dehydroxylation or dehydrogenation at 450TC-700TC.1 Since a change in the crystal structure or composition of the asbestos fibers could alter the fibrogenic or toxicological properties, the investigation of the state of the fibers in the treated vermiculite product may be necessary to implicate a potential health hazard.
American Journal of Public Health, 1989
In response to Santow and Brachers critique of the authors study of the long-term risk of hystere... more In response to Santow and Brachers critique of the authors study of the long-term risk of hysterectomy among 80007 sterilized and comparison women at Kaiser Permanente 1971-1987 the authors present data showing that in addition to sterilization a history of multiple fetal loss gynecologic hospitalization surgery and to a small extent cesarean delivery all increase the risk of hysterectomy. They have no evidence that increased risk of hysterectomy following sterilization was affected by an history of reproductive and gynecologic problems. Responding to questions about the integrity and representativeness of the Kaiser Permanente data the authors stress that Kaiser Permanente insures more than 25% of the San Francisco Bay Area population and represents fairly well the broad spectrum of the middle class. The company has one of the lowest hysterectomy rates in the US. They reject Santow and Brachers notion that an increased risk of hysterectomy may be related to undetermined socioeconom...
Cancer Research, Aug 1, 1990
Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intr... more Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intracranial and spinal cord tumors and 474 matched controls in a prepaid health plan. In utero exposure was also examined in a subset of 86 "cases" and 172 controls whose mothers were health plan members during pregnancy. No association of in utero exposure to barbiturates was found [odds ratio (O.K.) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.47, 1.94|. An association was noted for barbiturate use during childhood (O.R. = 1.80, 95% C.I. = 1.18, 2.74) but was reduced (O.R. = 1.41, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 2.21) when history of epilepsy was taken into account and was no longer significant. An apparent dose-response effect disappeared after adjustment for a history of epilepsy. Although barbiturate use for epilepsy due to preexisting brain tumors clearly explains some of the observed association, the small, residual risk prevents us from ruling out a possible carcinogenic effect of barbiturates. Further study of cohorts of adult as well as childhood users of barbiturates and other anticonvulsants is recommended.
American journal of epidemiology, 1993
To study the long-term risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization, the authors analyzed histo... more To study the long-term risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization, the authors analyzed historical hospital discharge data on 39,502 parous women sterilized during 1971-1984 and 40,505 comparison women matched on age, race, parity, and interval since last birth. Sterilized women were significantly more likely than were comparison women to undergo hysterectomy (relative risk (RR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.44), especially for diagnoses of menstrual dysfunction and pelvic pain (RR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.65-2.13). Higher relative risks were not associated with greater tissue-destructive methods of tubal occlusion. Relative risks were highest for women who were young on the reference date (RR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.79-3.36 for women aged 20-24 years), but declined steadily as age increased (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.72-1.28 for women aged 40-49 years). In all age groups, relative risks were significantly above 1.00 after 7 years of follow-up. Reasons for elevated risks may be related...
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Shortly after the March 28, 1979, accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant outside H... more Shortly after the March 28, 1979, accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant outside Harrisburg, Pa., the Pennsylvania Department of Health, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and the U.S. Bureau of the Census, conducted a census of the 35,930 persons residing within 5 miles of the plant. With the help of 150 enumerators, demographic and health-related information was collected on each person to provide baseline data for future short- and long-term epidemiologic studies of the effects of the accident. Individual radiation doses were estimated on the basis of residential location and the amount of time each person spent in the 5-mile area during the 10 days after the accident. Health and behavioral resurveys of the population will be conducted approximately every 5 years. Population-mobility, morbidity, and mortality will be studied yearly by matching the TMI Population Registry with postal records, cancer registry records, and death certificate data. Beca...
Cancer research, 1990
Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intr... more Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intracranial and spinal cord tumors and 474 matched controls in a prepaid health plan. In utero exposure was also examined in a subset of 86 "cases" and 172 controls whose mothers were health plan members during pregnancy. No association of in utero exposure to barbiturates was found [odds ratio (O.R.) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.47, 1.94]. An association was noted for barbiturate use during childhood (O.R. = 1.80, 95% C.I. = 1.18, 2.74) but was reduced (O.R. = 1.41, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 2.21) when history of epilepsy was taken into account and was no longer significant. An apparent dose-response effect disappeared after adjustment for a history of epilepsy. Although barbiturate use for epilepsy due to preexisting brain tumors clearly explains some of the observed association, the small, residual risk prevents us from ruling out a possible carcinogenic effect of barbitur...
The Lancet, 1987
GA. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and condyle in the post transplantation courses of children... more GA. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and condyle in the post transplantation courses of children and adolescents.
Epidemiology, 1991
ABSTRACT
Environment and Behavior, 1983
A study was conducted to determine the effect of the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island (... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) on residential mobility and population composition. The entire population living within five miles of TMI was registered shortly after the accident and traced one year later to identify movers. An estimated 15% of movers (about 2% of total residents) gave TMI as the main reason for their moves. However, the rate at which people moved remained the same the year after the accident as before. Those moving because of TMI had attributes highly associated with mobility. When those attributes were controlled in analysis, attitudes about TMI were virtually the same among movers and nonmovers. Demographic characteristics of new people moving into the area were not different from those who had moved out. However, attitudes about TMI were significantly more positive among the new people.
American Journal of Public Health, 1983
A study was conducted to determine whether the incidence of spontaneous abortion was greater than... more A study was conducted to determine whether the incidence of spontaneous abortion was greater than expected near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant during the months following the March 28, 1979 accident. All persons living within five miles of TMI were registered shortly after the accident, and information on pregnancy at the time of the accident was collected. After one year, all pregnancy cases were followed up and outcomes ascertained. Using the life table method, it was found that, given pregnancies after four completed weeks of gestation counting from
Epidemiology, 1992
We studied reproductive outcomes in a cohort of 7,450 pregnancies identified through three Kaiser... more We studied reproductive outcomes in a cohort of 7,450 pregnancies identified through three Kaiser-Permanente facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area, in relation to exposure to the pesticide malathion, applied aerially to control an infestation by the Mediterranean fruit fly. We included in the cohort all women over age 17 who were registered at these facilities and who were confirmed as pregnant during the spraying period. Residence histories throughout the pregnancy were obtained by mailed questionnaire or telephone interview from 933 women with adverse outcomes and a sample of 1,000 women with normal outcomes, and were converted to geographical coordinates. We linked the coordinates for malathion spraying corridors with the residence coordinates to create individual exposure indices for each week of pregnancy. The statistical analysis compared each of the adverse pregnancy outcome groups against an appropriate control group using logistic regression or survival time regression approaches. After adjustment for various confounders, no important association was found between malathion exposure and spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, or most categories of congenital anomalies. Gastrointestinal anomalies were related to second trimester exposure (odds ratio = 2.6), based on 13 cases and not specific to any particular International Classification of Diseases code.
American Journal of Public Health, 1991
Letters to the Editor are welcomed and willbepublished, iffoundsuitable, as spacepenits. Submissi... more Letters to the Editor are welcomed and willbepublished, iffoundsuitable, as spacepenits. Submission ofa Letter to the Editor constitutes pennission for its publication in the JoumaL Letters should not duplicate similar material being submitted orpublished elsewhere. Letters refermng to a recent Journal arficle should be received within three months ofthe article'spublication. The editors reserve the righ to edit and abridge letters, topublish replies, and to solicit responses from authors and others. Letters should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced (including references), and should not exceed 400 words.
American Journal of Public Health, 1989
A case-control study, examining the effect of first trimester maternal caffeine consumption on lo... more A case-control study, examining the effect of first trimester maternal caffeine consumption on low birthweight, was performed in the Kaiser Permanent Medical Care Program. Heavy consumption (greater than 3 servings/day) of coffee, cola and greater than 300 mg/day of caffeine from all sources (coffee, tea and cola) was associated with a marginally increased risk of low birthweight. Our data support previous findings of a modest effect of caffeine consumption on fetal growth.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1989
... Authors' Response. VDTs and miscarriage. Marilyn K. Goldhaber Mph,; Michael R. Polen Ma,... more ... Authors' Response. VDTs and miscarriage. Marilyn K. Goldhaber Mph,; Michael R. Polen Ma,; Robert A. Hiatt Md, Phd. Article first published online: 2 FEB 2011. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700150314. Copyright © 1989 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. Issue. ...
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988
Use of visual display terminals (VDTs) was examined in a case-control study of pregnancy outcome ... more Use of visual display terminals (VDTs) was examined in a case-control study of pregnancy outcome among 1,583 pregnant women who attended three Kaiser Permanente obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Northern California, 198 1-1982. We found a significantly elevated risk of miscarriage for working women who reported using VDTs for more than 20 hr per week during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to other working women who reported not using VDTs (odds ratio 1.8, 95% C1: 1.2-2.8). This risk could not be explained by age, education, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, or other maternal characteristics. No significantly elevated risk for birth defects was found among working women although odds ratios were 1.4 for both moderate and high VDT exposure, compared with no exposure (95% CI: 0.7-2.7 and 0.7-2.9, respectively). One possible explanation for these findings is that women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes may have overreported their exposures to VDTs and/or women with normal births may have underreported theirs. The findings may also be due to unmeasured factors confounded with high VDT use such as poor ergonomic conditions or job-related stress. That VDTs themselves are hazardous to the pregnant operator remains a possibility. Our results underscore the need for large cohort studies of working women that will provide objective measures of VDT exposures, ergonomic factors, and stress.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
American Journal of Public Health, 1984
EDITOR health effects associated with materials used in energy conservation. In this regard, we s... more EDITOR health effects associated with materials used in energy conservation. In this regard, we stated there were no reported health effects from the use of vermiculite. It is interesting to note that the vermiculite used for packing and insulation materials is treated at temperatures between 300°C-700°C so as to expand or "puff up" the mineral from the rapidly released steam from the water of hydration. Chrysotile, in common with the other asbestos minerals, undergoes decomposition by dehydroxylation or dehydrogenation at 450TC-700TC.1 Since a change in the crystal structure or composition of the asbestos fibers could alter the fibrogenic or toxicological properties, the investigation of the state of the fibers in the treated vermiculite product may be necessary to implicate a potential health hazard.
American Journal of Public Health, 1989
In response to Santow and Brachers critique of the authors study of the long-term risk of hystere... more In response to Santow and Brachers critique of the authors study of the long-term risk of hysterectomy among 80007 sterilized and comparison women at Kaiser Permanente 1971-1987 the authors present data showing that in addition to sterilization a history of multiple fetal loss gynecologic hospitalization surgery and to a small extent cesarean delivery all increase the risk of hysterectomy. They have no evidence that increased risk of hysterectomy following sterilization was affected by an history of reproductive and gynecologic problems. Responding to questions about the integrity and representativeness of the Kaiser Permanente data the authors stress that Kaiser Permanente insures more than 25% of the San Francisco Bay Area population and represents fairly well the broad spectrum of the middle class. The company has one of the lowest hysterectomy rates in the US. They reject Santow and Brachers notion that an increased risk of hysterectomy may be related to undetermined socioeconom...
Cancer Research, Aug 1, 1990
Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intr... more Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intracranial and spinal cord tumors and 474 matched controls in a prepaid health plan. In utero exposure was also examined in a subset of 86 "cases" and 172 controls whose mothers were health plan members during pregnancy. No association of in utero exposure to barbiturates was found [odds ratio (O.K.) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.47, 1.94|. An association was noted for barbiturate use during childhood (O.R. = 1.80, 95% C.I. = 1.18, 2.74) but was reduced (O.R. = 1.41, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 2.21) when history of epilepsy was taken into account and was no longer significant. An apparent dose-response effect disappeared after adjustment for a history of epilepsy. Although barbiturate use for epilepsy due to preexisting brain tumors clearly explains some of the observed association, the small, residual risk prevents us from ruling out a possible carcinogenic effect of barbiturates. Further study of cohorts of adult as well as childhood users of barbiturates and other anticonvulsants is recommended.
American journal of epidemiology, 1993
To study the long-term risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization, the authors analyzed histo... more To study the long-term risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization, the authors analyzed historical hospital discharge data on 39,502 parous women sterilized during 1971-1984 and 40,505 comparison women matched on age, race, parity, and interval since last birth. Sterilized women were significantly more likely than were comparison women to undergo hysterectomy (relative risk (RR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.44), especially for diagnoses of menstrual dysfunction and pelvic pain (RR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.65-2.13). Higher relative risks were not associated with greater tissue-destructive methods of tubal occlusion. Relative risks were highest for women who were young on the reference date (RR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.79-3.36 for women aged 20-24 years), but declined steadily as age increased (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.72-1.28 for women aged 40-49 years). In all age groups, relative risks were significantly above 1.00 after 7 years of follow-up. Reasons for elevated risks may be related...
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Shortly after the March 28, 1979, accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant outside H... more Shortly after the March 28, 1979, accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant outside Harrisburg, Pa., the Pennsylvania Department of Health, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and the U.S. Bureau of the Census, conducted a census of the 35,930 persons residing within 5 miles of the plant. With the help of 150 enumerators, demographic and health-related information was collected on each person to provide baseline data for future short- and long-term epidemiologic studies of the effects of the accident. Individual radiation doses were estimated on the basis of residential location and the amount of time each person spent in the 5-mile area during the 10 days after the accident. Health and behavioral resurveys of the population will be conducted approximately every 5 years. Population-mobility, morbidity, and mortality will be studied yearly by matching the TMI Population Registry with postal records, cancer registry records, and death certificate data. Beca...
Cancer research, 1990
Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intr... more Barbiturate exposure during childhood was assessed from medical records of 237 children with intracranial and spinal cord tumors and 474 matched controls in a prepaid health plan. In utero exposure was also examined in a subset of 86 "cases" and 172 controls whose mothers were health plan members during pregnancy. No association of in utero exposure to barbiturates was found [odds ratio (O.R.) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.47, 1.94]. An association was noted for barbiturate use during childhood (O.R. = 1.80, 95% C.I. = 1.18, 2.74) but was reduced (O.R. = 1.41, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 2.21) when history of epilepsy was taken into account and was no longer significant. An apparent dose-response effect disappeared after adjustment for a history of epilepsy. Although barbiturate use for epilepsy due to preexisting brain tumors clearly explains some of the observed association, the small, residual risk prevents us from ruling out a possible carcinogenic effect of barbitur...
The Lancet, 1987
GA. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and condyle in the post transplantation courses of children... more GA. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and condyle in the post transplantation courses of children and adolescents.
Epidemiology, 1991
ABSTRACT
Environment and Behavior, 1983
A study was conducted to determine the effect of the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island (... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) on residential mobility and population composition. The entire population living within five miles of TMI was registered shortly after the accident and traced one year later to identify movers. An estimated 15% of movers (about 2% of total residents) gave TMI as the main reason for their moves. However, the rate at which people moved remained the same the year after the accident as before. Those moving because of TMI had attributes highly associated with mobility. When those attributes were controlled in analysis, attitudes about TMI were virtually the same among movers and nonmovers. Demographic characteristics of new people moving into the area were not different from those who had moved out. However, attitudes about TMI were significantly more positive among the new people.
American Journal of Public Health, 1983
A study was conducted to determine whether the incidence of spontaneous abortion was greater than... more A study was conducted to determine whether the incidence of spontaneous abortion was greater than expected near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant during the months following the March 28, 1979 accident. All persons living within five miles of TMI were registered shortly after the accident, and information on pregnancy at the time of the accident was collected. After one year, all pregnancy cases were followed up and outcomes ascertained. Using the life table method, it was found that, given pregnancies after four completed weeks of gestation counting from
Epidemiology, 1992
We studied reproductive outcomes in a cohort of 7,450 pregnancies identified through three Kaiser... more We studied reproductive outcomes in a cohort of 7,450 pregnancies identified through three Kaiser-Permanente facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area, in relation to exposure to the pesticide malathion, applied aerially to control an infestation by the Mediterranean fruit fly. We included in the cohort all women over age 17 who were registered at these facilities and who were confirmed as pregnant during the spraying period. Residence histories throughout the pregnancy were obtained by mailed questionnaire or telephone interview from 933 women with adverse outcomes and a sample of 1,000 women with normal outcomes, and were converted to geographical coordinates. We linked the coordinates for malathion spraying corridors with the residence coordinates to create individual exposure indices for each week of pregnancy. The statistical analysis compared each of the adverse pregnancy outcome groups against an appropriate control group using logistic regression or survival time regression approaches. After adjustment for various confounders, no important association was found between malathion exposure and spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, or most categories of congenital anomalies. Gastrointestinal anomalies were related to second trimester exposure (odds ratio = 2.6), based on 13 cases and not specific to any particular International Classification of Diseases code.