Marina Gallarate - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Marina Gallarate

Research paper thumbnail of Cannabis-Based Oral Emulsion for Medical Purposes to Meet the Needs of Patients: Formulation, Quality and Stability

Pharmaceutics

Current Italian legislation provides that medical Cannabis can be administered orally as an extra... more Current Italian legislation provides that medical Cannabis can be administered orally as an extract if it has been titrated to determine the concentration of active molecules. In this context, there is a need to provide known and adequate quantities of active ingredients in order to guarantee uniform therapies that lead to the optimization of risks/benefits. This is fundamental considering that the limited availability on the market of registered Cannabis-based products for medical use means that prescribed therapies are usually prepared as galenic preparations. Consequently, the preparation procedures must be consistent with the instrumentation usually present in the laboratories of community pharmacies. In this context, the purpose of this work was to standardize the preparation procedure for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions to exploit advantages in terms of ease of administration and dosage adjustment, but also to ensure the palatable organoleptic characteristics of the finished prod...

Research paper thumbnail of PLGA nanoparticles for “inverse vaccination” in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporation of squalenoyl doxorubicin into solid lipid nanoparticles

Research paper thumbnail of Water-in-silicone microemulsions for topical application of betamethasone

Research paper thumbnail of SLN prodotte attraverso la tecnica della coacervazione come veicoli di macromolecole idrofile

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of In-Situ Gelling Microemulsion Systems upon Temperature and Dilution Condition for Corneal Delivery of Bevacizumab

Pharmaceutics, 2021

Bevacizumab (BVZ), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, has recently been proposed as a t... more Bevacizumab (BVZ), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, has recently been proposed as a topical application in the treatment of anterior segment neovascularization; however, as there are some disadvantages in the administration of common eye-drops, ophthalmic topical drug delivery systems are under study to improve the precorneal residence time, reducing the frequency of administration. In this work, oil-in-water and water-in-oil BVZ-loaded microemulsions are developed, able to increase their viscosity, either by the formation of a liquid-crystalline structure upon aqueous dilution, thanks to the presence of Epikuron® 200 and polysorbate 80, or by body-temperature-induced jellification for the presence of Pluronic® F127 aqueous solution as an external phase. In oil-in-water microemulsion, hydrophobic ion pairs of BVZ were also prepared, and their incorporation was determined by release studies. Microemulsions were characterized for rheological behavior, corneal opacity, in v...

Research paper thumbnail of Calcium Phosphate-Coated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Potential Tool in Bone Diseases Therapy

Nanomaterials, 2021

The treatment of bone diseases (including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancer) often re... more The treatment of bone diseases (including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancer) often results in reduced efficiency and/or adverse reactions due to the fact that it is not specifically targeted to the site of action. The employment of a suitable carrier should increase drug location to the site of bone disease. The purpose of this study is to prepare and characterize lipid nanoparticles (NPs) coated with calcium phosphate (CaP-NPs). A coating method, to date used only to obtain liposomes covered with CaP, is herein partially-modified to prepare CaP-coated lipid NPs. An extensive physico-chemical characterization was achieved by employing several techniques (DLS, SEM and TEM, and both combined with EDS, XRD, and FTIR) that confirmed the feasibility of the developed coating method. Preliminary uptake studies on human osteosarcoma cells (U-2OS) were performed by entrapping, as a lipid probe, Sudan Red III in NPs. The obtained data provided evidence that CaP-NPs showed higher c...

Research paper thumbnail of Thermogelling microemulsions for topical delivery of griseofulvin

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2011

Thermoreversible gels formed in situ by oil-in-water microemulsion were evaluated to improve topi... more Thermoreversible gels formed in situ by oil-in-water microemulsion were evaluated to improve topical delivery of griseofulvin (GF), a fungistatic antibiotic chosen as a sparingly soluble model drug. Thermogelling microemulsions containing an aqueous solution of temperature-sensitive polymers (methyl cellulose or Poloxamer) as external phase, isopropyl myristate, as oil phase, Tween 20 (PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate) or Labrasol (PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides) or a blend of Epikuron 200 (soybean lecithin) and Oramix NS 10 (decyl polyglucoside), as surfactant, and propylene glycol or L-alanine buthyl ester hydrochloride, as cosolvent/cosurfactant, were prepared. The formulations were characterized by sol-gel transition temperature, viscosity and stability determinations. Stable microemulsions, which showed sol-gel transition near to body temperature, were used as vehicles for GF release experiments at 35 °C using full-thickness pig ear skin. Thermogelling microemulsions and control thermogelling solutions showed very low transdermal GF permeation, while the drug accumulation into the skin, after a single 24 h application, was nearly twofold higher from the microemulsions than from the corresponding polymer solutions.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental glioblastoma in the fisher rat model: Treatment with a biocompatible system as carrier of methotrexate

Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2015

Introduction: Prenatal developmental toxicity studies are performed in order to evaluate the infl... more Introduction: Prenatal developmental toxicity studies are performed in order to evaluate the influence of tested items on pregnant females and developing fetuses and their potential to induce structural and functional abnormalities in fetuses as well as increases in their mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO2 in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light

You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your l... more You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions: (1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license. (2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.

Research paper thumbnail of Peptide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Prepared through Coacervation Technique

International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011

Stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared according to a new technique, called coacerv... more Stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared according to a new technique, called coacervation. The main goal of this experimental work was the entrapment of peptide drugs into SLN, which is a difficult task, since their chemical characteristics (molecular weight, hydrophilicity, and stability) hamper peptide-containing formulations. Insulin and leuprolide, chosen as model peptide drugs, were encapsulated within nanoparticles after hydrophobic ion pairing with anionic surfactants. Peptide integrity was maintained after encapsulation, and nanoparticles can actin vitroas a sustained release system for peptide.

Research paper thumbnail of Techniques for the Preparation of Solid Lipid Nano and Microparticles

Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Solid lipid nanoparticles produced through a coacervation method

Journal of Microencapsulation, 2009

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of fatty acids (FAs) were prepared with a new, solvent-free techn... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of fatty acids (FAs) were prepared with a new, solvent-free technique based on FAs precipitation from their sodium salt micelles in the presence of polymeric non-ionic surfactants: this technique was called 'coacervation'. Myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid were employed as lipid matrixes. Spherical shaped nanoparticles with mean diameters ranging from 250 to ∼500 nm were obtained. Different aqueous acidifying solutions were used to precipitate various FAs from their sodium salt micellar solution. Good encapsulation efficiency of Nile Red, a lipophilic model dye, in stearic acid nanoparticles was obtained. The coacervation method seems to be a potentially suitable technique to prepare close to monodisperse nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of α- and γ- cyclodextrin lipophilic derivatives on curcumin-loaded SLN

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 2009

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of different triglycerides (TG) in the presence and in the a... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of different triglycerides (TG) in the presence and in the absence of various modified αand γ-cyclodextrins (CD) were prepared by the solvent injection technique. A new synthesis of lipophilic derivatives of γ-CD was developed in this work. Curcumin (CU), a natural polyphenol with antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was used as model drug. SLNs mean sizes were in the 250-800 nm range and afforded CU entrapment efficiency in the 12-85% range. The presence of CD derivatives with almost the same chain length of TG induced an improvement of nanoparticle characteristics decreasing mean size values and increasing CU entrapment efficiency. A significant reduction in CU photodegradation was noted only when the drug was vehicled in tristearin-SLN, which became less pronounced in the presence of CD-derivatives, determining a loss in photoprotection. The hydrolytic stability of curcumin was highly improved by drug loading in tristearin-SLN, and only slightly by loading it in tricaprin-SLN, and this seemed not to be influenced by the presence of CD derivatives. Skin uptake studies revealed an increase in CU skin accumulation when CU was loaded in SLN obtained with all CD derivatives, particularly with most lipophilic one.

Research paper thumbnail of Release of Mandelic Acid from O/W Emulsions with Lamellar Phases

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2008

The aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize stable O/W emulsions containing liquid cr... more The aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize stable O/W emulsions containing liquid crystals as vehicles of mandelic acid. Influence of some components on the behavior of the systems has been also studied. Particularly, the release of mandelic acid was compared from different formulations showing that the lamellar phases prolonged the active release and consequently they might reduce its irritation potential on the skin. Results of evaporation test suggested that lamellar phases contributed to increase the moisturizing action of these emulsions by limiting their water loss.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of O/W nanoemulsions for ophthalmic administration of timolol

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2013

You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your l... more You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions: (1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license. (2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.

Research paper thumbnail of 1 Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles bypass P-2 glycoprotein mediated doxorubicin resistance in triple 3 negative breast cancer cells 4

negative breast cancer cells 4 Gamal-Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef 1,2, Elena Gazzano 1, Daniela Chiri... more negative breast cancer cells 4 Gamal-Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef 1,2, Elena Gazzano 1, Daniela Chirio3, Ahmed Ragab Hamed 4, 5 Dimas Carolina Belisario 1, Carlo Zuddas 1, Elena Peira3, Barbara Rolando3, Joanna Kopecka 1, 6 Mohamed Assem Said Marie 5, Simona Sapino 3, Sohair Ramadan Fahmy 5, Marina Gallarate2, 7 Abdel-Hamid Zaki Abdel-Hamid 2, Chiara Riganti 1,* 8 1 Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy; emails: 9 gabdelra@unito.it; elena.gazzano@unito.it; dimascarolina.belisario@unito.it; carlo.zuddas@unito.it; 10 joanna.kopecka@unito.it; chiara.riganti@unito.it 11 2 Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research 12 Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; emails: gamalology@yahoo.com; gamalology@gmail.com; 13 abdelhamidzaki@hotmail.com 14 3 Department of Drug Science and Technology, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy; emails: 15 daniela.chirio@unito.it; elena.peir...

Research paper thumbnail of A New Bevacizumab Carrier for Intravitreal Administration: Focus on Stability

Pharmaceutics

Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor... more Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and inhibits the interaction between VEGF-A and VEGF receptors, thus blocking the angiogenesis. Repeated intravitreal injections of BVZ for the treatment of ocular pathologies that present an excessive proliferation results in a low patience compliance. BVZ is specially indicated for the treatment of diabetic and degenerative retinopathy. In the present study, we designed lipid nanoparticles (NPs) as a BVZ sustained drug delivery system for reducing the frequency of administration. We used a simple and highly efficient procedure, “Cold dilution of microemulsions”, to obtain spherical NPs with mean diameters of 280–430 nm, Zeta potentials between −17 and −31 mV, and drug entrapment efficiencies between 50 to 90%. This study focused on the biochemical and biophysical stabilities of BVZ after entrapment in NPs. SDS-PAGE electrophoretic analysis and circular dichroism, dynamic li...

Research paper thumbnail of Recent Advances in Nanosystems and Strategies for Vaginal Delivery of Antimicrobials

Nanomaterials

Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candid... more Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis affect millions of women each year. They are caused by an overgrowth of microorganisms, generally sexually transmitted, which in turn can be favored by alterations in the vaginal flora. Conventional treatments of these infections consist in systemic or local antimicrobial therapies. However, in the attempt to reduce adverse effects and to contrast microbial resistance and infection recurrences, many efforts have been devoted to the development of vaginal systems for the local delivery of antimicrobials. Several topical dosage forms such as aerosols, lotions, suppositories, tablets, gels, and creams have been proposed, although they are sometimes ineffective due to their poor penetration and rapid removal from the vaginal canal. For these reasons, the development of innovative drug delivery systems, able to remain in situ and release active agents for a prolonged...

Research paper thumbnail of Bone Diseases: Current Approach and Future Perspectives in Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Targeted Therapeutics

Nanomaterials

Bone diseases include a wide group of skeletal-related disorders that cause mobility limitations ... more Bone diseases include a wide group of skeletal-related disorders that cause mobility limitations and mortality. In some cases, e.g., in osteosarcoma (OS) and metastatic bone cancer, current treatments are not fully effective, mainly due to low patient compliance and to adverse side effects. To overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology is currently under study as a potential strategy allowing specific drug release kinetics and enhancing bone regeneration. Polymers, ceramics, semiconductors, metals, and self-assembled molecular complexes are some of the most used nanoscale materials, although in most cases their surface properties need to be tuned by chemical or physical reactions. Among all, scaffolds, nanoparticles (NPs), cements, and hydrogels exhibit more advantages than drawbacks when compared to other nanosystems and are therefore the object of several studies. The aim of this review is to provide information about the current therapies of different bone diseases focusing the att...

Research paper thumbnail of Cannabis-Based Oral Emulsion for Medical Purposes to Meet the Needs of Patients: Formulation, Quality and Stability

Pharmaceutics

Current Italian legislation provides that medical Cannabis can be administered orally as an extra... more Current Italian legislation provides that medical Cannabis can be administered orally as an extract if it has been titrated to determine the concentration of active molecules. In this context, there is a need to provide known and adequate quantities of active ingredients in order to guarantee uniform therapies that lead to the optimization of risks/benefits. This is fundamental considering that the limited availability on the market of registered Cannabis-based products for medical use means that prescribed therapies are usually prepared as galenic preparations. Consequently, the preparation procedures must be consistent with the instrumentation usually present in the laboratories of community pharmacies. In this context, the purpose of this work was to standardize the preparation procedure for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions to exploit advantages in terms of ease of administration and dosage adjustment, but also to ensure the palatable organoleptic characteristics of the finished prod...

Research paper thumbnail of PLGA nanoparticles for “inverse vaccination” in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporation of squalenoyl doxorubicin into solid lipid nanoparticles

Research paper thumbnail of Water-in-silicone microemulsions for topical application of betamethasone

Research paper thumbnail of SLN prodotte attraverso la tecnica della coacervazione come veicoli di macromolecole idrofile

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of In-Situ Gelling Microemulsion Systems upon Temperature and Dilution Condition for Corneal Delivery of Bevacizumab

Pharmaceutics, 2021

Bevacizumab (BVZ), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, has recently been proposed as a t... more Bevacizumab (BVZ), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, has recently been proposed as a topical application in the treatment of anterior segment neovascularization; however, as there are some disadvantages in the administration of common eye-drops, ophthalmic topical drug delivery systems are under study to improve the precorneal residence time, reducing the frequency of administration. In this work, oil-in-water and water-in-oil BVZ-loaded microemulsions are developed, able to increase their viscosity, either by the formation of a liquid-crystalline structure upon aqueous dilution, thanks to the presence of Epikuron® 200 and polysorbate 80, or by body-temperature-induced jellification for the presence of Pluronic® F127 aqueous solution as an external phase. In oil-in-water microemulsion, hydrophobic ion pairs of BVZ were also prepared, and their incorporation was determined by release studies. Microemulsions were characterized for rheological behavior, corneal opacity, in v...

Research paper thumbnail of Calcium Phosphate-Coated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Potential Tool in Bone Diseases Therapy

Nanomaterials, 2021

The treatment of bone diseases (including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancer) often re... more The treatment of bone diseases (including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancer) often results in reduced efficiency and/or adverse reactions due to the fact that it is not specifically targeted to the site of action. The employment of a suitable carrier should increase drug location to the site of bone disease. The purpose of this study is to prepare and characterize lipid nanoparticles (NPs) coated with calcium phosphate (CaP-NPs). A coating method, to date used only to obtain liposomes covered with CaP, is herein partially-modified to prepare CaP-coated lipid NPs. An extensive physico-chemical characterization was achieved by employing several techniques (DLS, SEM and TEM, and both combined with EDS, XRD, and FTIR) that confirmed the feasibility of the developed coating method. Preliminary uptake studies on human osteosarcoma cells (U-2OS) were performed by entrapping, as a lipid probe, Sudan Red III in NPs. The obtained data provided evidence that CaP-NPs showed higher c...

Research paper thumbnail of Thermogelling microemulsions for topical delivery of griseofulvin

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2011

Thermoreversible gels formed in situ by oil-in-water microemulsion were evaluated to improve topi... more Thermoreversible gels formed in situ by oil-in-water microemulsion were evaluated to improve topical delivery of griseofulvin (GF), a fungistatic antibiotic chosen as a sparingly soluble model drug. Thermogelling microemulsions containing an aqueous solution of temperature-sensitive polymers (methyl cellulose or Poloxamer) as external phase, isopropyl myristate, as oil phase, Tween 20 (PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate) or Labrasol (PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides) or a blend of Epikuron 200 (soybean lecithin) and Oramix NS 10 (decyl polyglucoside), as surfactant, and propylene glycol or L-alanine buthyl ester hydrochloride, as cosolvent/cosurfactant, were prepared. The formulations were characterized by sol-gel transition temperature, viscosity and stability determinations. Stable microemulsions, which showed sol-gel transition near to body temperature, were used as vehicles for GF release experiments at 35 °C using full-thickness pig ear skin. Thermogelling microemulsions and control thermogelling solutions showed very low transdermal GF permeation, while the drug accumulation into the skin, after a single 24 h application, was nearly twofold higher from the microemulsions than from the corresponding polymer solutions.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental glioblastoma in the fisher rat model: Treatment with a biocompatible system as carrier of methotrexate

Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2015

Introduction: Prenatal developmental toxicity studies are performed in order to evaluate the infl... more Introduction: Prenatal developmental toxicity studies are performed in order to evaluate the influence of tested items on pregnant females and developing fetuses and their potential to induce structural and functional abnormalities in fetuses as well as increases in their mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO2 in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light

You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your l... more You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions: (1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license. (2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.

Research paper thumbnail of Peptide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Prepared through Coacervation Technique

International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011

Stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared according to a new technique, called coacerv... more Stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared according to a new technique, called coacervation. The main goal of this experimental work was the entrapment of peptide drugs into SLN, which is a difficult task, since their chemical characteristics (molecular weight, hydrophilicity, and stability) hamper peptide-containing formulations. Insulin and leuprolide, chosen as model peptide drugs, were encapsulated within nanoparticles after hydrophobic ion pairing with anionic surfactants. Peptide integrity was maintained after encapsulation, and nanoparticles can actin vitroas a sustained release system for peptide.

Research paper thumbnail of Techniques for the Preparation of Solid Lipid Nano and Microparticles

Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Solid lipid nanoparticles produced through a coacervation method

Journal of Microencapsulation, 2009

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of fatty acids (FAs) were prepared with a new, solvent-free techn... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of fatty acids (FAs) were prepared with a new, solvent-free technique based on FAs precipitation from their sodium salt micelles in the presence of polymeric non-ionic surfactants: this technique was called 'coacervation'. Myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid were employed as lipid matrixes. Spherical shaped nanoparticles with mean diameters ranging from 250 to ∼500 nm were obtained. Different aqueous acidifying solutions were used to precipitate various FAs from their sodium salt micellar solution. Good encapsulation efficiency of Nile Red, a lipophilic model dye, in stearic acid nanoparticles was obtained. The coacervation method seems to be a potentially suitable technique to prepare close to monodisperse nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of α- and γ- cyclodextrin lipophilic derivatives on curcumin-loaded SLN

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 2009

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of different triglycerides (TG) in the presence and in the a... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of different triglycerides (TG) in the presence and in the absence of various modified αand γ-cyclodextrins (CD) were prepared by the solvent injection technique. A new synthesis of lipophilic derivatives of γ-CD was developed in this work. Curcumin (CU), a natural polyphenol with antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was used as model drug. SLNs mean sizes were in the 250-800 nm range and afforded CU entrapment efficiency in the 12-85% range. The presence of CD derivatives with almost the same chain length of TG induced an improvement of nanoparticle characteristics decreasing mean size values and increasing CU entrapment efficiency. A significant reduction in CU photodegradation was noted only when the drug was vehicled in tristearin-SLN, which became less pronounced in the presence of CD-derivatives, determining a loss in photoprotection. The hydrolytic stability of curcumin was highly improved by drug loading in tristearin-SLN, and only slightly by loading it in tricaprin-SLN, and this seemed not to be influenced by the presence of CD derivatives. Skin uptake studies revealed an increase in CU skin accumulation when CU was loaded in SLN obtained with all CD derivatives, particularly with most lipophilic one.

Research paper thumbnail of Release of Mandelic Acid from O/W Emulsions with Lamellar Phases

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2008

The aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize stable O/W emulsions containing liquid cr... more The aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize stable O/W emulsions containing liquid crystals as vehicles of mandelic acid. Influence of some components on the behavior of the systems has been also studied. Particularly, the release of mandelic acid was compared from different formulations showing that the lamellar phases prolonged the active release and consequently they might reduce its irritation potential on the skin. Results of evaporation test suggested that lamellar phases contributed to increase the moisturizing action of these emulsions by limiting their water loss.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of O/W nanoemulsions for ophthalmic administration of timolol

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2013

You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your l... more You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions: (1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license. (2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.

Research paper thumbnail of 1 Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles bypass P-2 glycoprotein mediated doxorubicin resistance in triple 3 negative breast cancer cells 4

negative breast cancer cells 4 Gamal-Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef 1,2, Elena Gazzano 1, Daniela Chiri... more negative breast cancer cells 4 Gamal-Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef 1,2, Elena Gazzano 1, Daniela Chirio3, Ahmed Ragab Hamed 4, 5 Dimas Carolina Belisario 1, Carlo Zuddas 1, Elena Peira3, Barbara Rolando3, Joanna Kopecka 1, 6 Mohamed Assem Said Marie 5, Simona Sapino 3, Sohair Ramadan Fahmy 5, Marina Gallarate2, 7 Abdel-Hamid Zaki Abdel-Hamid 2, Chiara Riganti 1,* 8 1 Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy; emails: 9 gabdelra@unito.it; elena.gazzano@unito.it; dimascarolina.belisario@unito.it; carlo.zuddas@unito.it; 10 joanna.kopecka@unito.it; chiara.riganti@unito.it 11 2 Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research 12 Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; emails: gamalology@yahoo.com; gamalology@gmail.com; 13 abdelhamidzaki@hotmail.com 14 3 Department of Drug Science and Technology, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy; emails: 15 daniela.chirio@unito.it; elena.peir...

Research paper thumbnail of A New Bevacizumab Carrier for Intravitreal Administration: Focus on Stability

Pharmaceutics

Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor... more Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and inhibits the interaction between VEGF-A and VEGF receptors, thus blocking the angiogenesis. Repeated intravitreal injections of BVZ for the treatment of ocular pathologies that present an excessive proliferation results in a low patience compliance. BVZ is specially indicated for the treatment of diabetic and degenerative retinopathy. In the present study, we designed lipid nanoparticles (NPs) as a BVZ sustained drug delivery system for reducing the frequency of administration. We used a simple and highly efficient procedure, “Cold dilution of microemulsions”, to obtain spherical NPs with mean diameters of 280–430 nm, Zeta potentials between −17 and −31 mV, and drug entrapment efficiencies between 50 to 90%. This study focused on the biochemical and biophysical stabilities of BVZ after entrapment in NPs. SDS-PAGE electrophoretic analysis and circular dichroism, dynamic li...

Research paper thumbnail of Recent Advances in Nanosystems and Strategies for Vaginal Delivery of Antimicrobials

Nanomaterials

Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candid... more Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis affect millions of women each year. They are caused by an overgrowth of microorganisms, generally sexually transmitted, which in turn can be favored by alterations in the vaginal flora. Conventional treatments of these infections consist in systemic or local antimicrobial therapies. However, in the attempt to reduce adverse effects and to contrast microbial resistance and infection recurrences, many efforts have been devoted to the development of vaginal systems for the local delivery of antimicrobials. Several topical dosage forms such as aerosols, lotions, suppositories, tablets, gels, and creams have been proposed, although they are sometimes ineffective due to their poor penetration and rapid removal from the vaginal canal. For these reasons, the development of innovative drug delivery systems, able to remain in situ and release active agents for a prolonged...

Research paper thumbnail of Bone Diseases: Current Approach and Future Perspectives in Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Targeted Therapeutics

Nanomaterials

Bone diseases include a wide group of skeletal-related disorders that cause mobility limitations ... more Bone diseases include a wide group of skeletal-related disorders that cause mobility limitations and mortality. In some cases, e.g., in osteosarcoma (OS) and metastatic bone cancer, current treatments are not fully effective, mainly due to low patient compliance and to adverse side effects. To overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology is currently under study as a potential strategy allowing specific drug release kinetics and enhancing bone regeneration. Polymers, ceramics, semiconductors, metals, and self-assembled molecular complexes are some of the most used nanoscale materials, although in most cases their surface properties need to be tuned by chemical or physical reactions. Among all, scaffolds, nanoparticles (NPs), cements, and hydrogels exhibit more advantages than drawbacks when compared to other nanosystems and are therefore the object of several studies. The aim of this review is to provide information about the current therapies of different bone diseases focusing the att...