Mariusz Caban - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mariusz Caban
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie - Journal of Heritage Conservation, 2023
W 2021 roku rozpoczął się remont gmachu przy ul. Szewskiej 49 we Wrocławiu, będącego obecnie sied... more W 2021 roku rozpoczął się remont gmachu przy ul. Szewskiej 49 we Wrocławiu, będącego obecnie siedzibą Instytutu Historycznego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, a wcześniej przez 300 lat (XV–XVII w.) pałacem miejskim Piastów legnicko-brzeskich. Zaczęły się wówczas wyłaniać spod tynków pokaźne połacie XIV-wiecznych ścian, arkad i otworów. Zasięg ich występowania był rozległy. Badania architektoniczne gmachu ujawniły ich obecność na długości niemal 40 m, szerokości 18 m i wysokości 16 m. Co więcej – odsłaniana struktura budowli zaczęła przypominać układy funkcjonalno-przestrzenne średniowiecznych synagog europejskich. Źródłowe badania historyczne własności posesji pokazały, że do połowy XIV wieku należała ona do przedstawicieli elity żydowskiej we Wrocławiu. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie przeprowadzonych przez autorów wyników badań architektonicznych gmachu i poddanie pod dyskusję argumentów świadczących o tym, że mieścił on w swych murach synagogę. Biorąc pod uwagę czas powstania gmachu, byłaby to jedna z najstarszych i największych budowli tego typu w średniowiecznej Polsce.
The year 2021 saw the beginning of the renovation of the building at 49 Szewska Street in Wrocław, the current seat of the Institute of History of the University of Wrocław, and that had previously been a city palace of the Legnica and Brzeg branch of the Piasts for 300 years (between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries). At this time, sizeable portions of fourteenth-century walls, arcades and apertures were found underneath the plasters. Their scope was extensive. Architectural investigation of the building revealed their presence along a length of almost 40 m, a width of 18 m and a height of 16 m. Furthermore, the revealed structure resembled the functio-spatial layouts of medieval European synagogues. Historical source studies of the property’s ownership found that up to the mid-fourteenth century it had belonged to members of Wrocław’s Jewish elite. The goal of this paper is to present the results of the authors’ architectural investigation of the building and to present arguments that it housed a synagogue up for discussion. Considering the building’s construction time, it can be considered one of the oldest and largest buildings of its type in medieval Poland.
The Piast castle on Ostrów Tumski island in Wrocław, 2020
The article briefly presents the author's hypothesis of architectural changes in the ducal castle... more The article briefly presents the author's hypothesis of architectural changes in the ducal castle on Ostrów Tumski in Wrocław, which was developed based on the results of architectural studies of the relics of the castle walls uncovered in excavations in 2011-2012 and 2014, in combination with the results of laboratory tests such as petrographic and mineralogical analysis of mortars, 14 C analysis of charcoal contained in mortars and extensive analysis of brick dimensions using statistical methods. As a result, a chronological stratification into eight phases from the 12 th to 15 th centuries is proposed. Absolute dating was addressed through radiocarbon analyses and historical context.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27/2: Special Studies Deir el-Bahari Studies 2, 2018
A foundation deposit found in the southeastern part of Tuthmosis III's Hathor shrine at Deir-el-B... more A foundation deposit found in the southeastern part of Tuthmosis III's Hathor shrine at Deir-el-Bahari has been attributed to this king based on architectural features: a pit with a niche at the bottom. The pit was initially a circular cavity that was reduced to a semicircle by a mud-brick wall built into it on the eastern side. The rim of the pit was raised higher with several courses of mud bricks, most of them reused from the nearby Middle Kingdom structure of Mentuhotep II. The inside of the structure was coated with mud plaster. The content of the pit, although disturbed, still consists of organic offerings, as well as ceramics, but no inscribed material.
![Research paper thumbnail of W cieniu pałacu Hatzfeldtów i kościoła św. Wojciecha. Wstępne wyniki badań kwartału między pl. Nowy Targ a ul. Wita Stwosza we Wrocławiu [In the Shadow of Hatzfeldt's Palace. Preliminary excavation results of the residential block between Nowy Targ Square and Wita Stwosza Street in Wrocław, Poland]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59495182/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2018
In this paper authors describes preliminary archaeological investigation results of one of the re... more In this paper authors describes preliminary archaeological investigation results of one of the residential blocks belonging to the east part of old town in Wrocław, Poland. All historical buildings built at this site from the Middle Ages to the first half of 20th century were destroyed through bombing in 1945. During excavations, archaeologists tracked settler changes from the beginning of the 11th century, development of merchant settlements, predating the founding the city on Magdeburg law organizing residential block close to Nowy Targ in the second half of the 13th century. Well preserved layers, including houses and sanitary space remains, made it possible to recognize the plot organization changes during the aforementioned period. A vast amount of artifacts were found (including pottery, glass and small metal finds from different periods), which showcased the rich material culture of former burghers of Wrocław. The complex analysis of excavation results will be elaborated on in the next few years.
In the first section, the authors wish to present a short story of the reconstruction works on th... more In the first section, the authors wish to present a short story of the reconstruction works on the sculpture of Queen Hatshepsut as Osiris which is situated in the northern Lower Portico of Hunting of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. Later, the results of architectural research and of studies regarding the design of the correct reconstruction of the statue will be presented. The design was prepared by architects from the Polish-Egyptian Archeological and Conservation Mission in the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari in Egypt. Two architects-Teresa Dziedzic (the main architect of the mission) and Mariusz Caban-undertook an attempt to verify mistakes in the reconstructed monument. The incorrect reconstruction took place in the 1930s and was conducted by American mission led by H.E. Winlock. The sculpture presents the Queen Hatshepsut as Osiris decorated with the double crown of Lower and Upper Egypt. The statue with the crown reached the upper edge of the wall of the northern porch. Sculptor Wojciech Myjak is working on the reconstruction of the statue. He is also behind the method of reconstructing the statues of the façade of the Upper Porch. Another artist and sculptor-Andrzej Sośnierz-also participates in the project and he is in charge of the reconstruction of the head of the second colossus of the Queen, whose original location was most probably the southern wing of the Obelisk Porch.
The article describes the architecture of the tomb of Horhotep, an offi cial at the court of Senw... more The article describes the architecture of the tomb of Horhotep, an offi cial at the court of Senwosret I, which is situated at the necropolis of North Asasif in Western Thebes. The structure was built in the row of sepulchral complexes, which belonged to high-ranking offi cials from the times of the reign of Mentuhotep II. The tomb belongs to the rock tomb type. The layout and shape of the chambers and passages corresponds with the local Theban tradition of the construction of private sepulchral complexes. The exceptional character of the complex can be seen in the layout of the parts carved in the bedrock. As a result of the research into the architecture of the tomb, two phases of its development have been distinguished. The fi rst was associated with the carving of the classic tomb for Horhotep. In the second phase, another cult chapel and the second burial chamber were added, where, as one can only speculate, the son of the offi cial was supposed to be buried.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
Discovery of relics of St. Salvator’s protestant church in the old Świdnickie Suburbs in Wrocław ... more Discovery of relics of St. Salvator’s protestant church in the old Świdnickie Suburbs in Wrocław made in 2006 became a reason of coming back to the topic again. The results of archaeological and architectural research conducted within business activity of Zdzisław Wiśniewski‘s AKME became a starting point for further research and study realized within the grant of Archaeology Department of Wrocław University cooperating with Wrocław University of Technology. Characteristic technique and technology of the church construction referring to well‑known buildings in Wrocław constructed at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of modern times as well as detailed chronological stratification with precise dating of particular construction stages made with the use of historical sources allowed to face an issue of Wrocław construction workshop in 1450–1600. At the beginning, 3D reconstruction of the church in particular development stages was made. Next, a laboratory analysis of 15 samples of mortar from St. Salvator’s church and from the most important, well dated city buildings from that time was also made. Not only were statistical analyses of bricks made but also checking of a new method of their testing was carried out.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
Scope of archaeological research at the area of former provincial hospital name J. Babinski, incl... more Scope of archaeological research at the area of former provincial hospital name J. Babinski, included architectural study of well preserved, outer, second walls of Wroclaw city. During the research, documentation of the wall was prepared with detailed chronological stratification. At the same time independent and detail research was carried out, about dimension of the bricks dimensions, used to build the city walls. Complicated construction process of city walls shown on the basis of chronological stratification was confirmed and significantly enriched thanks to measurements of brick dimensions. The statistical evaluation of bricks sizes demonstrate not only the order of construction of the buildings, but also noted invisible horizontal borders in wall structure, which significantly changed our notion about stages of construction process.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
During the archaeological research (2011–2012) on the area of the Piast Castle in Ostrow Tumski i... more During the archaeological research (2011–2012) on the area of the Piast Castle in Ostrow Tumski in Wroclaw, two types of architectural studies were carried out. A typical research conducted on the chronological stratification took into consideration the combination of walls, joints, mortar colour etc. As a result of that research, 8 chronological phases of rebuilding were separated. It was difficult to assign some relics to proper phases, consequently, it was decided to conduct additional research that would include the statistics of brick dimensions. The final statistical evaluation of measured bricks from all phases, largely confirmed the results of previous architectural research. Similarity between bricks from the same phases was demonstrated, which will be helpful in the final comparison of all research results, including the mineralogy analysis of historic mortars.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
The first Cisterian church of Lubiąż is believed to be the oldest fully brick building in Silesia... more The first Cisterian church of Lubiąż is believed to be the oldest fully brick building in Silesia. It was a small Basilica with wooden ceiling, almost devoid of stone detail, sponsored by Prince Bolesław the Tall in 1175. It was built with bricks approx. 6.2–7.5 cm high, of the North Italian (Lombard) provenience, which replaced small bricks (height approx. 3–4 cm) so‑called “Byzantine” or “Ruthenian plinta”, occasionally used during the Romanesque period in Wrocław. The high brick from behind the Alps got to Silesia indirectly‑via Saxony; through religious workshops‑Cistercian or Norbertanian. In addition to the church in Lubiąż early brick appeared in the gigantic 18‑side building of the castle in Wroclaw (4 quarter of the 12th century), as evidenced by the identity dimensions of bricks in both structures. The third building, built from the bricks of similar sizes, especially of average height of 7.5–8 cm, is a bottom part of St. Peter's tower, a huge family of the castle in Legnica. Perhaps, too, the object was created in 12th century. Probably Prince Boleslaw the Tall, the founder of the abbey in Lubiąż, was responsible for the transfer of the brick to Silesia as it was the most technologically advanced material at that time.
Architektura sakralna w początkach państwa polskiego (X-XII wiek), 2016
It has been more than half a year since the relics of late Romanesque castle chapel were spectacu... more It has been more than half a year since the relics of late Romanesque castle chapel were spectacularly discovered in Legnica, and two important issues connected with it are still waiting for the decision. The first one is the question of whether the chapel had one or two floors, the second one concerns the origin of the creators of its stone architectural details. The details, excavated in the years 1963–1965, in the number of approx. 120, from the debris of residual remnants of the chapel are now kept in the castle lapidary. A recently measurement by laser scanning was to obtain the answers to these questions, collection of the material in order to recreate the structure, decoration and construction system of the chapel and the implementation of virtual anastylosis of its interior. The chapel was founded on the plan of a twelve-sided figure with six massive internal pillars of a wedge form, which separated a space in the middle. In the inner corners of the body, disc bases preserved, from which 3 supporting ribs arose. The arrangement of the bases and the preserved relics of the ribs allow for unambiguous reconstruction of the vaults layout over the round nave on the ground floor. By analysing the inventoried details, we tried to find where they could originally be in the chapel, and especially indicate the elements from an alleged top floor. And so, in the set of the acquired stonework, there were two wall supporting ribs bases. In contrast to the triple bases of the basement, they were connected with a single supporting rib and had to come from a higher floor. The analysis of the acquired ribs
relics showed that they occurred in 5 different variants in terms of the shape of the profiles and massiveness of the section. The richest section of the ribs was completed with a pear profile, already fully Gothic. At least one type of ribs connects to the vault of the upper part of the chapel. The ribs profile smoothly gathered in the arch block, from which stalactite, sculpturally shaped keystones in the form of flowers, dragons hung. In addition to the ribs, from the debris one excavated and documented a piece of the shaft of the column, the shaft lacing, numerous carved capitals and fragments of friezes covered with recipes of vegetation, parts of the yoke rib, sculptural decoration which might come from the upper portal and loose fragments of sculptures of difficult to identify form. The details contain a set of data to be able to recreate the architecture of the chapel basement. It was the interior with an abundance of sculptural decoration, which variously shaped keystones reminded buds of plants or flowers on long stems, and the whole interior of the domed ceiling was a paraphrase of the Garden of Eden. The first floor was solved, as in the castle chapel in Vianden, where the supporting ribs were connected to the transverse arches separating the trapezoidal spans, but the spans were cross-vaulted without ribs. The similarity of forms and artistic means used in the chapel of Legnica and in the church and the Cistercian monastery in Trzebnica (1201–1218) allow to see these two outstanding architectural works of the transitional period for grown in the circle of artistic patronage of Prince Henryk I Brodaty. These forms reached in the first half of the 13th century to Central Europe. In Europe, one can identify three circles of their occurrence: Rheinland and Bavarian, Saxon-Brandenburg and Silesian. The oldest of this type of details emerged in the last decades of the 12th century in the areas of Rhineland and Alsace, bordering with France and being under its overwhelming influence of culture. This new type of ornamentation was promoted by foundations of Staufian emperors. We are now convinced that the sources of Trzebnica and Legnica origin of the construction workshop should be sought there.
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 24/2, Special Studies: Deir el-Bahari Studies, 2015
The article is about damages to the architecture and wall decoration of niches in the Vestibule o... more The article is about damages to the architecture and wall decoration of niches in the Vestibule of Hatshepsut in the Royal Mortuary Cult Complex. Traces of ancient repairs may be discerned in the distorted layers of limestone blocks and deformed relief. The nature of this restoration indicates that it took place once the sculpting of the reliefs had been completed but before the painting. The reasons for this can be related to the short building time of the temple.
Architectus, 2015
Artykuł poświęcony jest kapitelom hathoryckim pochodzącym z kaplicy Hathor świątyni Dżeser achet ... more Artykuł poświęcony jest kapitelom hathoryckim pochodzącym z kaplicy Hathor świątyni Dżeser achet wzniesionej przez Totmesa III w Deir el-Bahari. Fragmenty kapiteli hathoryckich zostały odkryte przez E. Naville’a oraz H.R. Halla w obrębie świątyni Mentuhotepa II w latach 1903–1907 w trakcie amerykańskiej ekspedycji Egypt Exploration Fund. Właściwa interpretacja odnalezionych fragmentów kapiteli była możliwa dopiero po odkryciu świątyni Totmesa III przez prof. Kazimierza Michałowskiego w 1962 r. oraz po wykopaliskach w latach 1962–1967 pod częściowym kierownictwem prof. Jadwigi Lipińskiej. Trwająca obecnie misja Totmesa III pod kierownictwem dr Moniki Dolińskiej swoim zakresem obejmuje badania egiptologiczne, architektoniczne oraz prace konserwatorskie. Ponieważ zachowane fragmenty kapiteli hathoryckich nigdy nie zostały zinwentaryzowane, w trakcie prac podjęto decyzję o przeprowadzeniu ich szczegółowej dokumentacji. Do tego celu wykorzystano technikę fotoskanowania, która pozwala na tworzenie wirtualnych, trójwymiarowych kopii obiektów w oparciu o serię odpowiednio wykonanych fotografii. Pozwoliło to na stworzenie swoistej, wirtualnej anastylozy. W rekonstrukcji wykorzystano dotychczasowe ustalenia prof. Lipińskiej na temat proporcji kapitelu. Stworzona rekonstrukcja przedstawia bardzo prawdopodobne proporcje kapiteli hathoryckich z kaplicy. W trakcie przeprowadzonej dokumentacji potwierdzono i w niniejszym artykule zobrazowano pewne fakty na temat architektury kaplicy, które przez prof. Lipińską są jedynie opisane w publikacji na temat świątyni Totmesa III.
The article is about Hathor capitals from the Hathor shrine in the temple Djeser-akhet of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari. Fragments of Hathor capitals were discovered by E. Naville and H.R. Hall during excavations at the temple of Mentuhotep II in the years 1903 to 1907 by the American expedition Egypt Exploration Fund. The correct interpretation of the found fragments of capitals was possible only after the discovery of the temple of Tuthmosis III by professor Kazimierz Michałowski in 1962 and after later excavations in 1962–1967 under the partial supervision of profesor Jadwiga Lipińska. Scope of the present mission of Tuthmosis III, under the direction of Monika Dolińska, Ph.D., covers Egyptological and architectural studies with conservation work. Preserved fragments of Hathor capitals have never been inventoried, during work it was decided to create detailed documentation of the preserved fragments of Hathor capitals by using photoscaning technique. It allows creating virtual, three-dimensional copies of objects based on a series of photos. Thanks to that, a kind of virtual anastylosis was created. In the reconstruction findings of profesor Lipińska about the proportion of the capitol were used. The developed reconstruction shows very probable proportions of Hathor capitals from the chapel. Results of created documentation confirmed some facts about the architecture of the shrine, which prof. Lipińska mentioned in her publications about the temple of Tuthmosis III. This article has illustrated some facts examplified by the prepared documentation.
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie - Journal of Heritage Conservation, 2023
W 2021 roku rozpoczął się remont gmachu przy ul. Szewskiej 49 we Wrocławiu, będącego obecnie sied... more W 2021 roku rozpoczął się remont gmachu przy ul. Szewskiej 49 we Wrocławiu, będącego obecnie siedzibą Instytutu Historycznego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, a wcześniej przez 300 lat (XV–XVII w.) pałacem miejskim Piastów legnicko-brzeskich. Zaczęły się wówczas wyłaniać spod tynków pokaźne połacie XIV-wiecznych ścian, arkad i otworów. Zasięg ich występowania był rozległy. Badania architektoniczne gmachu ujawniły ich obecność na długości niemal 40 m, szerokości 18 m i wysokości 16 m. Co więcej – odsłaniana struktura budowli zaczęła przypominać układy funkcjonalno-przestrzenne średniowiecznych synagog europejskich. Źródłowe badania historyczne własności posesji pokazały, że do połowy XIV wieku należała ona do przedstawicieli elity żydowskiej we Wrocławiu. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie przeprowadzonych przez autorów wyników badań architektonicznych gmachu i poddanie pod dyskusję argumentów świadczących o tym, że mieścił on w swych murach synagogę. Biorąc pod uwagę czas powstania gmachu, byłaby to jedna z najstarszych i największych budowli tego typu w średniowiecznej Polsce.
The year 2021 saw the beginning of the renovation of the building at 49 Szewska Street in Wrocław, the current seat of the Institute of History of the University of Wrocław, and that had previously been a city palace of the Legnica and Brzeg branch of the Piasts for 300 years (between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries). At this time, sizeable portions of fourteenth-century walls, arcades and apertures were found underneath the plasters. Their scope was extensive. Architectural investigation of the building revealed their presence along a length of almost 40 m, a width of 18 m and a height of 16 m. Furthermore, the revealed structure resembled the functio-spatial layouts of medieval European synagogues. Historical source studies of the property’s ownership found that up to the mid-fourteenth century it had belonged to members of Wrocław’s Jewish elite. The goal of this paper is to present the results of the authors’ architectural investigation of the building and to present arguments that it housed a synagogue up for discussion. Considering the building’s construction time, it can be considered one of the oldest and largest buildings of its type in medieval Poland.
The Piast castle on Ostrów Tumski island in Wrocław, 2020
The article briefly presents the author's hypothesis of architectural changes in the ducal castle... more The article briefly presents the author's hypothesis of architectural changes in the ducal castle on Ostrów Tumski in Wrocław, which was developed based on the results of architectural studies of the relics of the castle walls uncovered in excavations in 2011-2012 and 2014, in combination with the results of laboratory tests such as petrographic and mineralogical analysis of mortars, 14 C analysis of charcoal contained in mortars and extensive analysis of brick dimensions using statistical methods. As a result, a chronological stratification into eight phases from the 12 th to 15 th centuries is proposed. Absolute dating was addressed through radiocarbon analyses and historical context.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27/2: Special Studies Deir el-Bahari Studies 2, 2018
A foundation deposit found in the southeastern part of Tuthmosis III's Hathor shrine at Deir-el-B... more A foundation deposit found in the southeastern part of Tuthmosis III's Hathor shrine at Deir-el-Bahari has been attributed to this king based on architectural features: a pit with a niche at the bottom. The pit was initially a circular cavity that was reduced to a semicircle by a mud-brick wall built into it on the eastern side. The rim of the pit was raised higher with several courses of mud bricks, most of them reused from the nearby Middle Kingdom structure of Mentuhotep II. The inside of the structure was coated with mud plaster. The content of the pit, although disturbed, still consists of organic offerings, as well as ceramics, but no inscribed material.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2018
In this paper authors describes preliminary archaeological investigation results of one of the re... more In this paper authors describes preliminary archaeological investigation results of one of the residential blocks belonging to the east part of old town in Wrocław, Poland. All historical buildings built at this site from the Middle Ages to the first half of 20th century were destroyed through bombing in 1945. During excavations, archaeologists tracked settler changes from the beginning of the 11th century, development of merchant settlements, predating the founding the city on Magdeburg law organizing residential block close to Nowy Targ in the second half of the 13th century. Well preserved layers, including houses and sanitary space remains, made it possible to recognize the plot organization changes during the aforementioned period. A vast amount of artifacts were found (including pottery, glass and small metal finds from different periods), which showcased the rich material culture of former burghers of Wrocław. The complex analysis of excavation results will be elaborated on in the next few years.
In the first section, the authors wish to present a short story of the reconstruction works on th... more In the first section, the authors wish to present a short story of the reconstruction works on the sculpture of Queen Hatshepsut as Osiris which is situated in the northern Lower Portico of Hunting of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. Later, the results of architectural research and of studies regarding the design of the correct reconstruction of the statue will be presented. The design was prepared by architects from the Polish-Egyptian Archeological and Conservation Mission in the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari in Egypt. Two architects-Teresa Dziedzic (the main architect of the mission) and Mariusz Caban-undertook an attempt to verify mistakes in the reconstructed monument. The incorrect reconstruction took place in the 1930s and was conducted by American mission led by H.E. Winlock. The sculpture presents the Queen Hatshepsut as Osiris decorated with the double crown of Lower and Upper Egypt. The statue with the crown reached the upper edge of the wall of the northern porch. Sculptor Wojciech Myjak is working on the reconstruction of the statue. He is also behind the method of reconstructing the statues of the façade of the Upper Porch. Another artist and sculptor-Andrzej Sośnierz-also participates in the project and he is in charge of the reconstruction of the head of the second colossus of the Queen, whose original location was most probably the southern wing of the Obelisk Porch.
The article describes the architecture of the tomb of Horhotep, an offi cial at the court of Senw... more The article describes the architecture of the tomb of Horhotep, an offi cial at the court of Senwosret I, which is situated at the necropolis of North Asasif in Western Thebes. The structure was built in the row of sepulchral complexes, which belonged to high-ranking offi cials from the times of the reign of Mentuhotep II. The tomb belongs to the rock tomb type. The layout and shape of the chambers and passages corresponds with the local Theban tradition of the construction of private sepulchral complexes. The exceptional character of the complex can be seen in the layout of the parts carved in the bedrock. As a result of the research into the architecture of the tomb, two phases of its development have been distinguished. The fi rst was associated with the carving of the classic tomb for Horhotep. In the second phase, another cult chapel and the second burial chamber were added, where, as one can only speculate, the son of the offi cial was supposed to be buried.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
Discovery of relics of St. Salvator’s protestant church in the old Świdnickie Suburbs in Wrocław ... more Discovery of relics of St. Salvator’s protestant church in the old Świdnickie Suburbs in Wrocław made in 2006 became a reason of coming back to the topic again. The results of archaeological and architectural research conducted within business activity of Zdzisław Wiśniewski‘s AKME became a starting point for further research and study realized within the grant of Archaeology Department of Wrocław University cooperating with Wrocław University of Technology. Characteristic technique and technology of the church construction referring to well‑known buildings in Wrocław constructed at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of modern times as well as detailed chronological stratification with precise dating of particular construction stages made with the use of historical sources allowed to face an issue of Wrocław construction workshop in 1450–1600. At the beginning, 3D reconstruction of the church in particular development stages was made. Next, a laboratory analysis of 15 samples of mortar from St. Salvator’s church and from the most important, well dated city buildings from that time was also made. Not only were statistical analyses of bricks made but also checking of a new method of their testing was carried out.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
Scope of archaeological research at the area of former provincial hospital name J. Babinski, incl... more Scope of archaeological research at the area of former provincial hospital name J. Babinski, included architectural study of well preserved, outer, second walls of Wroclaw city. During the research, documentation of the wall was prepared with detailed chronological stratification. At the same time independent and detail research was carried out, about dimension of the bricks dimensions, used to build the city walls. Complicated construction process of city walls shown on the basis of chronological stratification was confirmed and significantly enriched thanks to measurements of brick dimensions. The statistical evaluation of bricks sizes demonstrate not only the order of construction of the buildings, but also noted invisible horizontal borders in wall structure, which significantly changed our notion about stages of construction process.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
During the archaeological research (2011–2012) on the area of the Piast Castle in Ostrow Tumski i... more During the archaeological research (2011–2012) on the area of the Piast Castle in Ostrow Tumski in Wroclaw, two types of architectural studies were carried out. A typical research conducted on the chronological stratification took into consideration the combination of walls, joints, mortar colour etc. As a result of that research, 8 chronological phases of rebuilding were separated. It was difficult to assign some relics to proper phases, consequently, it was decided to conduct additional research that would include the statistics of brick dimensions. The final statistical evaluation of measured bricks from all phases, largely confirmed the results of previous architectural research. Similarity between bricks from the same phases was demonstrated, which will be helpful in the final comparison of all research results, including the mineralogy analysis of historic mortars.
Forum Urbes Medii Aevi, 2015
The first Cisterian church of Lubiąż is believed to be the oldest fully brick building in Silesia... more The first Cisterian church of Lubiąż is believed to be the oldest fully brick building in Silesia. It was a small Basilica with wooden ceiling, almost devoid of stone detail, sponsored by Prince Bolesław the Tall in 1175. It was built with bricks approx. 6.2–7.5 cm high, of the North Italian (Lombard) provenience, which replaced small bricks (height approx. 3–4 cm) so‑called “Byzantine” or “Ruthenian plinta”, occasionally used during the Romanesque period in Wrocław. The high brick from behind the Alps got to Silesia indirectly‑via Saxony; through religious workshops‑Cistercian or Norbertanian. In addition to the church in Lubiąż early brick appeared in the gigantic 18‑side building of the castle in Wroclaw (4 quarter of the 12th century), as evidenced by the identity dimensions of bricks in both structures. The third building, built from the bricks of similar sizes, especially of average height of 7.5–8 cm, is a bottom part of St. Peter's tower, a huge family of the castle in Legnica. Perhaps, too, the object was created in 12th century. Probably Prince Boleslaw the Tall, the founder of the abbey in Lubiąż, was responsible for the transfer of the brick to Silesia as it was the most technologically advanced material at that time.
Architektura sakralna w początkach państwa polskiego (X-XII wiek), 2016
It has been more than half a year since the relics of late Romanesque castle chapel were spectacu... more It has been more than half a year since the relics of late Romanesque castle chapel were spectacularly discovered in Legnica, and two important issues connected with it are still waiting for the decision. The first one is the question of whether the chapel had one or two floors, the second one concerns the origin of the creators of its stone architectural details. The details, excavated in the years 1963–1965, in the number of approx. 120, from the debris of residual remnants of the chapel are now kept in the castle lapidary. A recently measurement by laser scanning was to obtain the answers to these questions, collection of the material in order to recreate the structure, decoration and construction system of the chapel and the implementation of virtual anastylosis of its interior. The chapel was founded on the plan of a twelve-sided figure with six massive internal pillars of a wedge form, which separated a space in the middle. In the inner corners of the body, disc bases preserved, from which 3 supporting ribs arose. The arrangement of the bases and the preserved relics of the ribs allow for unambiguous reconstruction of the vaults layout over the round nave on the ground floor. By analysing the inventoried details, we tried to find where they could originally be in the chapel, and especially indicate the elements from an alleged top floor. And so, in the set of the acquired stonework, there were two wall supporting ribs bases. In contrast to the triple bases of the basement, they were connected with a single supporting rib and had to come from a higher floor. The analysis of the acquired ribs
relics showed that they occurred in 5 different variants in terms of the shape of the profiles and massiveness of the section. The richest section of the ribs was completed with a pear profile, already fully Gothic. At least one type of ribs connects to the vault of the upper part of the chapel. The ribs profile smoothly gathered in the arch block, from which stalactite, sculpturally shaped keystones in the form of flowers, dragons hung. In addition to the ribs, from the debris one excavated and documented a piece of the shaft of the column, the shaft lacing, numerous carved capitals and fragments of friezes covered with recipes of vegetation, parts of the yoke rib, sculptural decoration which might come from the upper portal and loose fragments of sculptures of difficult to identify form. The details contain a set of data to be able to recreate the architecture of the chapel basement. It was the interior with an abundance of sculptural decoration, which variously shaped keystones reminded buds of plants or flowers on long stems, and the whole interior of the domed ceiling was a paraphrase of the Garden of Eden. The first floor was solved, as in the castle chapel in Vianden, where the supporting ribs were connected to the transverse arches separating the trapezoidal spans, but the spans were cross-vaulted without ribs. The similarity of forms and artistic means used in the chapel of Legnica and in the church and the Cistercian monastery in Trzebnica (1201–1218) allow to see these two outstanding architectural works of the transitional period for grown in the circle of artistic patronage of Prince Henryk I Brodaty. These forms reached in the first half of the 13th century to Central Europe. In Europe, one can identify three circles of their occurrence: Rheinland and Bavarian, Saxon-Brandenburg and Silesian. The oldest of this type of details emerged in the last decades of the 12th century in the areas of Rhineland and Alsace, bordering with France and being under its overwhelming influence of culture. This new type of ornamentation was promoted by foundations of Staufian emperors. We are now convinced that the sources of Trzebnica and Legnica origin of the construction workshop should be sought there.
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Wratislavia Antiqua - Cmentarz Salwatora, pierwsza nekropola wrocławskich protestantów., 2015
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 24/2, Special Studies: Deir el-Bahari Studies, 2015
The article is about damages to the architecture and wall decoration of niches in the Vestibule o... more The article is about damages to the architecture and wall decoration of niches in the Vestibule of Hatshepsut in the Royal Mortuary Cult Complex. Traces of ancient repairs may be discerned in the distorted layers of limestone blocks and deformed relief. The nature of this restoration indicates that it took place once the sculpting of the reliefs had been completed but before the painting. The reasons for this can be related to the short building time of the temple.
Architectus, 2015
Artykuł poświęcony jest kapitelom hathoryckim pochodzącym z kaplicy Hathor świątyni Dżeser achet ... more Artykuł poświęcony jest kapitelom hathoryckim pochodzącym z kaplicy Hathor świątyni Dżeser achet wzniesionej przez Totmesa III w Deir el-Bahari. Fragmenty kapiteli hathoryckich zostały odkryte przez E. Naville’a oraz H.R. Halla w obrębie świątyni Mentuhotepa II w latach 1903–1907 w trakcie amerykańskiej ekspedycji Egypt Exploration Fund. Właściwa interpretacja odnalezionych fragmentów kapiteli była możliwa dopiero po odkryciu świątyni Totmesa III przez prof. Kazimierza Michałowskiego w 1962 r. oraz po wykopaliskach w latach 1962–1967 pod częściowym kierownictwem prof. Jadwigi Lipińskiej. Trwająca obecnie misja Totmesa III pod kierownictwem dr Moniki Dolińskiej swoim zakresem obejmuje badania egiptologiczne, architektoniczne oraz prace konserwatorskie. Ponieważ zachowane fragmenty kapiteli hathoryckich nigdy nie zostały zinwentaryzowane, w trakcie prac podjęto decyzję o przeprowadzeniu ich szczegółowej dokumentacji. Do tego celu wykorzystano technikę fotoskanowania, która pozwala na tworzenie wirtualnych, trójwymiarowych kopii obiektów w oparciu o serię odpowiednio wykonanych fotografii. Pozwoliło to na stworzenie swoistej, wirtualnej anastylozy. W rekonstrukcji wykorzystano dotychczasowe ustalenia prof. Lipińskiej na temat proporcji kapitelu. Stworzona rekonstrukcja przedstawia bardzo prawdopodobne proporcje kapiteli hathoryckich z kaplicy. W trakcie przeprowadzonej dokumentacji potwierdzono i w niniejszym artykule zobrazowano pewne fakty na temat architektury kaplicy, które przez prof. Lipińską są jedynie opisane w publikacji na temat świątyni Totmesa III.
The article is about Hathor capitals from the Hathor shrine in the temple Djeser-akhet of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari. Fragments of Hathor capitals were discovered by E. Naville and H.R. Hall during excavations at the temple of Mentuhotep II in the years 1903 to 1907 by the American expedition Egypt Exploration Fund. The correct interpretation of the found fragments of capitals was possible only after the discovery of the temple of Tuthmosis III by professor Kazimierz Michałowski in 1962 and after later excavations in 1962–1967 under the partial supervision of profesor Jadwiga Lipińska. Scope of the present mission of Tuthmosis III, under the direction of Monika Dolińska, Ph.D., covers Egyptological and architectural studies with conservation work. Preserved fragments of Hathor capitals have never been inventoried, during work it was decided to create detailed documentation of the preserved fragments of Hathor capitals by using photoscaning technique. It allows creating virtual, three-dimensional copies of objects based on a series of photos. Thanks to that, a kind of virtual anastylosis was created. In the reconstruction findings of profesor Lipińska about the proportion of the capitol were used. The developed reconstruction shows very probable proportions of Hathor capitals from the chapel. Results of created documentation confirmed some facts about the architecture of the shrine, which prof. Lipińska mentioned in her publications about the temple of Tuthmosis III. This article has illustrated some facts examplified by the prepared documentation.