Mark Scriber - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mark Scriber

Great Lakes Entomologist, 1987

The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society

Text document containing scripts used to run all analyses (including scripts to prepare files for... more Text document containing scripts used to run all analyses (including scripts to prepare files for analyses

Text document containing scripts used to process Illumina sequences, from raw reads to a vcf fil

Includes CSV file with 4 worksheets containing metadata for each specimen used in this stud

The Lives of Lepidopterists, 2015

Having retired (in 2010) as professor emeritus at Michigan State University, Mark Scriber’s time ... more Having retired (in 2010) as professor emeritus at Michigan State University, Mark Scriber’s time is now spent on recollections of a research career in entomology, with a focus on swallowtail butterflies of the world. For this purpose, a lighthouse was constructed at his family’s lakeside home on Waikiki Street in Aloha, MI. Here, the study of historical and currently emerging aspects of the North American tiger swallowtail butterfly evolution could be continued in retirement. According to a local authority (Harold Fox, an 88-year-old neighbor, living in a nearby log cabin), all lighthouses need a name. The name that emerged was “Papa-Leo” (for Grandpa Mark and his birth sign, Leo), which in conjunction is pronounced “Papilio” (the genus of many swallowtail butterflies, including the North American tiger swallowtails). The 3-story, 36-ft high lighthouse was actually a compromise from Mark’s lifelong “dream tree house,” largely because the emerald ash borer had just reached these Northern Michigan forests, and the 120-ft high ash trees in the yard were in serious jeopardy. This construction also put the foundation under his “Castle in the sky….”

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations, 1986

Proper interpretation of differential survival, growth, and reproduction of phytophagous insects ... more Proper interpretation of differential survival, growth, and reproduction of phytophagous insects on various host plants depends on our ability to discriminate between a large number of plant characteristics, insect characteristics, and environmental factors that influence the preingestive acceptability (Ahmad, 1983; Miller and Strickler, 1984) and post-ingestive suitability of food plants (Scriber and Slansky, 1981; Berenbaum, 1985, 1986). Research over the last several years has addressed these various concerns in considerable detail for leaf-chewing Lepidoptera and has made it more feasible to differentiate between environmental and/or food plant effects and heritable physiological adaptations (Scriber, 1983, 1984a; Rausher, 1984; Whitham et al., 1984; Slansky and Scriber, 1985; Mattson and Scriber, 1985).

Journal of Economic Entomology, 1975

Abstract: Leaf-feeding and survival of 1st instar Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were studied using 5... more Abstract: Leaf-feeding and survival of 1st instar Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were studied using 5 genotypes of maize, Zea mays L. Plant factors other than DIMBOA mediated resistance during a 60 h post-caging observation period on the tropical genotypes IDRN ...

Oecologia, 2009

Hybridization leading to reproductively isolated, novel genotypes is poorly understood as a means... more Hybridization leading to reproductively isolated, novel genotypes is poorly understood as a means of speciation and few empirical examples have been studied. In 1999, a previously non-existent delayed flight of what appeared to be the Canadian tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio canadensis, was observed in the Battenkill River Valley, USA. Allozyme frequencies and morphology suggest that this delayed flight was the product of hybridization between Papilio canadensis and its sibling species Papilio glaucus. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms presented here indicate that only P. canadensis-like mtDNA occurs in this population, suggesting that introgression likely occurred from hybrid males mating with P. canadensis females. Preliminary studies of this population indicated that delayed post-diapause pupal emergence in this hybrid genotype was the root cause behind the observed delayed flight, which suggests a potential empirical example of a mechanism leading to reproductive isolation. Here we provide further evidence of the role of adult pupal emergence as a reproductive barrier likely leading to reproductive isolation. In particular, we present results from pupal emergence studies using four different spring and two different winter temperature treatments. The results indicate a clear separation of adult emergences between the hybrid population and both parental species. However, our results indicate that exceptionally hot springs are likely to lead to greater potential for overlap between the local parental species, P. canadensis, and this delayed population with hybrid origins. Conversely, our results also show that warmer winters are likely to increase the temporal separation of the hybrid population and the parental species. Finally, we report recently collected evidence that this hybrid population remains morphologically distinct.

Oecologia, 2008

Climate warming has lead to increased genetic introgression across a narrow hybrid zone separatin... more Climate warming has lead to increased genetic introgression across a narrow hybrid zone separating the eastern and Canadian tiger swallowtails (Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis). This situation has led to the formation of an allochronically separated hybrid population with a delayed emerging phenotype or "late flight". Here, we assess how the recombination of the parental genomes that lead to this phenotype may have facilitated another major ecological shift, host-use divergence. We first contrast the ovipositional profiles of the late flight population to that of the parental species P. glaucus and P. canadensis. Subsequently we contrast the larval survival and growth of the late flight, a P. canadensis and a P. glaucus population, and a population from the northern edge of the hybrid zone on five hosts. Our results indicate that the ovipositional preference of this hybrid swarm is identical to that of the introgressing parental species, P. glaucus. Due to the absence of the preferred hosts of P. glaucus (Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Ptelea trifoliata L.) where the late flight occurs, this ovipositional pattern implies a functional specialization onto a secondary host of both parental species, Fraxinus americana L. In contrast, the larval host-use abilities represent a mixture of P. glaucus and P. canadensis, indicating divergence in larval host-use abilities has not taken place. However, high genetic variability (genetic coefficient of variation) is present for growth on F. americana in the late flight hybrid swarm and tradeoffs for larval performance on the preferred hosts of the parental species are evident; indicating a strong potential for future specialization in larval host-use abilities. This current scenario represents an instance where a shift in a major ecological trait, host use, is likely occurring as a byproduct of a shift in an unrelated trait (delayed emergence) leading to partial reproductive isolation.

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1979

The eastern swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, is often classified as a polyphagous species ... more The eastern swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, is often classified as a polyphagous species but growth of individuals is hindered rather than aided by feeding on a sequence of plants in no‐choice situations. The spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus, is a close relative of P. glaucus. P. troilus has restricted its feeding primarily to the Lauraceae and the efficiency of P. troilus larvae in utilizing foodplants in this family is 2 × — 3 × that of the generalized P. glaucus larvae. Again, however, a sequence of acceptable foods reduces rather than favors larval growth rate.RÉSUMÉLES EFFETS DU CHANGEMENT PERIODIQUE DES PLANTES‐HOTES SUR LA BIOMASSE ET L'UTILISATION D'AZOTE PAR DES CHENILLES POLYPHAGES ET STENOPHAGES DE PAPILIOLes taux de consommation, les rendements de transformation, les bilans de biomasse et d'azote, et la croissance de chenilles herbivores de Papilio glaucus et Papilio troilus ont été déterminés sur les planteshôtes naturelles dans des conditions ...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1979

Unless leaf‐water content is maintained near the saturation level of excised leaves via high humi... more Unless leaf‐water content is maintained near the saturation level of excised leaves via high humidities and leaf‐water supplementation via the petiole, larval growth is suppressed. In 87 paired feeding experiments involving sixteen species of Lepidoptera, the effects on larval growth of leaves with, and without, leaf‐water supplementation were compared. Suppressive effects upon the efficiencies of larval growth were observed for larvae fed leaves without water supplementation. These effects were more pronounced for tree leaf‐feeders than for forb leaf‐feeders.RÉSUMÉEFFETS D'UN APPORT EN EAU FOLIAIRE SUR L'INDICE ALIMENTAIRE APRES INGESTION DE CHENILLES DE LEPIDOPTERES CONSOMMATRICES DE PLANTES HERBACEES, DARBUSTES, DE VIGNE ET D'ARBRESLa croissance des chenilles est supprimée quand la teneur en eau des feuilles coupées n'est pas maintenue proche de la saturation grâce à une humidité ambiante élevée et grâce à un apport d'eau supplémentaire par le pétiole. La comp...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982

The growth rate and food utilization efficiencies of penultimate instar Hyalophora cecropia are a... more The growth rate and food utilization efficiencies of penultimate instar Hyalophora cecropia are affected by restrictive feeding regimens which simulate the case of behaviorally induced larvae encountering a new food, and which entail an initial period of reduced consumption. Our data suggest that any effects on post‐ingestive utilization of a new host plant or diet onto which larvae have been switched may not only be the result of a lack of physiological adaptation to the new food, but may also be caused by deterrent effects (e.g. when behaviorally induced larvae encounter and initially reject a new food).Larval performance by the penultimate instar was affected differently by another type of restrictive feeding regimen, this one entailing a daily period of food deprivation. These results indicate that different experimentally imposed food consumption patterns engender different larval physiological responses which are totally independent of host plant quality. The general implicati...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2007

Novel host usage may represent an initial step towards diversification or radiation onto novel ho... more Novel host usage may represent an initial step towards diversification or radiation onto novel hosts within an evolutionary lineage, particularly if a shift in host plant preference ranking takes place. Polyphagous stages of evolutionary lineages may represent transitional states in which novel host associations are more likely to develop, but may be more difficult to detect experimentally. The polyphagous sister species Papilio glaucus L. and Papilio canadensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae; these Papilio = Pterourus) are known to exhibit differences in host‐plant use, despite significant overlap in host‐use abilities, providing an opportunity to examine how host shifts in polyphagous species may occur and what the implications for future divergence may be. In particular, we were interested in (i) determining whether differences in oviposition behavior of these species were due to changes in specificity or shifts in host‐plant hierarchy, (ii) whether the varying preference for primary...

Great Lakes Entomologist, 1987

The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society

Text document containing scripts used to run all analyses (including scripts to prepare files for... more Text document containing scripts used to run all analyses (including scripts to prepare files for analyses

Text document containing scripts used to process Illumina sequences, from raw reads to a vcf fil

Includes CSV file with 4 worksheets containing metadata for each specimen used in this stud

The Lives of Lepidopterists, 2015

Having retired (in 2010) as professor emeritus at Michigan State University, Mark Scriber’s time ... more Having retired (in 2010) as professor emeritus at Michigan State University, Mark Scriber’s time is now spent on recollections of a research career in entomology, with a focus on swallowtail butterflies of the world. For this purpose, a lighthouse was constructed at his family’s lakeside home on Waikiki Street in Aloha, MI. Here, the study of historical and currently emerging aspects of the North American tiger swallowtail butterfly evolution could be continued in retirement. According to a local authority (Harold Fox, an 88-year-old neighbor, living in a nearby log cabin), all lighthouses need a name. The name that emerged was “Papa-Leo” (for Grandpa Mark and his birth sign, Leo), which in conjunction is pronounced “Papilio” (the genus of many swallowtail butterflies, including the North American tiger swallowtails). The 3-story, 36-ft high lighthouse was actually a compromise from Mark’s lifelong “dream tree house,” largely because the emerald ash borer had just reached these Northern Michigan forests, and the 120-ft high ash trees in the yard were in serious jeopardy. This construction also put the foundation under his “Castle in the sky….”

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations, 1986

Proper interpretation of differential survival, growth, and reproduction of phytophagous insects ... more Proper interpretation of differential survival, growth, and reproduction of phytophagous insects on various host plants depends on our ability to discriminate between a large number of plant characteristics, insect characteristics, and environmental factors that influence the preingestive acceptability (Ahmad, 1983; Miller and Strickler, 1984) and post-ingestive suitability of food plants (Scriber and Slansky, 1981; Berenbaum, 1985, 1986). Research over the last several years has addressed these various concerns in considerable detail for leaf-chewing Lepidoptera and has made it more feasible to differentiate between environmental and/or food plant effects and heritable physiological adaptations (Scriber, 1983, 1984a; Rausher, 1984; Whitham et al., 1984; Slansky and Scriber, 1985; Mattson and Scriber, 1985).

Journal of Economic Entomology, 1975

Abstract: Leaf-feeding and survival of 1st instar Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were studied using 5... more Abstract: Leaf-feeding and survival of 1st instar Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were studied using 5 genotypes of maize, Zea mays L. Plant factors other than DIMBOA mediated resistance during a 60 h post-caging observation period on the tropical genotypes IDRN ...

Oecologia, 2009

Hybridization leading to reproductively isolated, novel genotypes is poorly understood as a means... more Hybridization leading to reproductively isolated, novel genotypes is poorly understood as a means of speciation and few empirical examples have been studied. In 1999, a previously non-existent delayed flight of what appeared to be the Canadian tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio canadensis, was observed in the Battenkill River Valley, USA. Allozyme frequencies and morphology suggest that this delayed flight was the product of hybridization between Papilio canadensis and its sibling species Papilio glaucus. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms presented here indicate that only P. canadensis-like mtDNA occurs in this population, suggesting that introgression likely occurred from hybrid males mating with P. canadensis females. Preliminary studies of this population indicated that delayed post-diapause pupal emergence in this hybrid genotype was the root cause behind the observed delayed flight, which suggests a potential empirical example of a mechanism leading to reproductive isolation. Here we provide further evidence of the role of adult pupal emergence as a reproductive barrier likely leading to reproductive isolation. In particular, we present results from pupal emergence studies using four different spring and two different winter temperature treatments. The results indicate a clear separation of adult emergences between the hybrid population and both parental species. However, our results indicate that exceptionally hot springs are likely to lead to greater potential for overlap between the local parental species, P. canadensis, and this delayed population with hybrid origins. Conversely, our results also show that warmer winters are likely to increase the temporal separation of the hybrid population and the parental species. Finally, we report recently collected evidence that this hybrid population remains morphologically distinct.

Oecologia, 2008

Climate warming has lead to increased genetic introgression across a narrow hybrid zone separatin... more Climate warming has lead to increased genetic introgression across a narrow hybrid zone separating the eastern and Canadian tiger swallowtails (Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis). This situation has led to the formation of an allochronically separated hybrid population with a delayed emerging phenotype or "late flight". Here, we assess how the recombination of the parental genomes that lead to this phenotype may have facilitated another major ecological shift, host-use divergence. We first contrast the ovipositional profiles of the late flight population to that of the parental species P. glaucus and P. canadensis. Subsequently we contrast the larval survival and growth of the late flight, a P. canadensis and a P. glaucus population, and a population from the northern edge of the hybrid zone on five hosts. Our results indicate that the ovipositional preference of this hybrid swarm is identical to that of the introgressing parental species, P. glaucus. Due to the absence of the preferred hosts of P. glaucus (Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Ptelea trifoliata L.) where the late flight occurs, this ovipositional pattern implies a functional specialization onto a secondary host of both parental species, Fraxinus americana L. In contrast, the larval host-use abilities represent a mixture of P. glaucus and P. canadensis, indicating divergence in larval host-use abilities has not taken place. However, high genetic variability (genetic coefficient of variation) is present for growth on F. americana in the late flight hybrid swarm and tradeoffs for larval performance on the preferred hosts of the parental species are evident; indicating a strong potential for future specialization in larval host-use abilities. This current scenario represents an instance where a shift in a major ecological trait, host use, is likely occurring as a byproduct of a shift in an unrelated trait (delayed emergence) leading to partial reproductive isolation.

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1979

The eastern swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, is often classified as a polyphagous species ... more The eastern swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, is often classified as a polyphagous species but growth of individuals is hindered rather than aided by feeding on a sequence of plants in no‐choice situations. The spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus, is a close relative of P. glaucus. P. troilus has restricted its feeding primarily to the Lauraceae and the efficiency of P. troilus larvae in utilizing foodplants in this family is 2 × — 3 × that of the generalized P. glaucus larvae. Again, however, a sequence of acceptable foods reduces rather than favors larval growth rate.RÉSUMÉLES EFFETS DU CHANGEMENT PERIODIQUE DES PLANTES‐HOTES SUR LA BIOMASSE ET L'UTILISATION D'AZOTE PAR DES CHENILLES POLYPHAGES ET STENOPHAGES DE PAPILIOLes taux de consommation, les rendements de transformation, les bilans de biomasse et d'azote, et la croissance de chenilles herbivores de Papilio glaucus et Papilio troilus ont été déterminés sur les planteshôtes naturelles dans des conditions ...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1979

Unless leaf‐water content is maintained near the saturation level of excised leaves via high humi... more Unless leaf‐water content is maintained near the saturation level of excised leaves via high humidities and leaf‐water supplementation via the petiole, larval growth is suppressed. In 87 paired feeding experiments involving sixteen species of Lepidoptera, the effects on larval growth of leaves with, and without, leaf‐water supplementation were compared. Suppressive effects upon the efficiencies of larval growth were observed for larvae fed leaves without water supplementation. These effects were more pronounced for tree leaf‐feeders than for forb leaf‐feeders.RÉSUMÉEFFETS D'UN APPORT EN EAU FOLIAIRE SUR L'INDICE ALIMENTAIRE APRES INGESTION DE CHENILLES DE LEPIDOPTERES CONSOMMATRICES DE PLANTES HERBACEES, DARBUSTES, DE VIGNE ET D'ARBRESLa croissance des chenilles est supprimée quand la teneur en eau des feuilles coupées n'est pas maintenue proche de la saturation grâce à une humidité ambiante élevée et grâce à un apport d'eau supplémentaire par le pétiole. La comp...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982

The growth rate and food utilization efficiencies of penultimate instar Hyalophora cecropia are a... more The growth rate and food utilization efficiencies of penultimate instar Hyalophora cecropia are affected by restrictive feeding regimens which simulate the case of behaviorally induced larvae encountering a new food, and which entail an initial period of reduced consumption. Our data suggest that any effects on post‐ingestive utilization of a new host plant or diet onto which larvae have been switched may not only be the result of a lack of physiological adaptation to the new food, but may also be caused by deterrent effects (e.g. when behaviorally induced larvae encounter and initially reject a new food).Larval performance by the penultimate instar was affected differently by another type of restrictive feeding regimen, this one entailing a daily period of food deprivation. These results indicate that different experimentally imposed food consumption patterns engender different larval physiological responses which are totally independent of host plant quality. The general implicati...

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2007

Novel host usage may represent an initial step towards diversification or radiation onto novel ho... more Novel host usage may represent an initial step towards diversification or radiation onto novel hosts within an evolutionary lineage, particularly if a shift in host plant preference ranking takes place. Polyphagous stages of evolutionary lineages may represent transitional states in which novel host associations are more likely to develop, but may be more difficult to detect experimentally. The polyphagous sister species Papilio glaucus L. and Papilio canadensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae; these Papilio = Pterourus) are known to exhibit differences in host‐plant use, despite significant overlap in host‐use abilities, providing an opportunity to examine how host shifts in polyphagous species may occur and what the implications for future divergence may be. In particular, we were interested in (i) determining whether differences in oviposition behavior of these species were due to changes in specificity or shifts in host‐plant hierarchy, (ii) whether the varying preference for primary...