Marloes de Lange - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Marloes de Lange

The triple bind of single-parent families

Beleid en Maatschappij, 2016

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14616696 2013 821621, Apr 4, 2014

ABSTRACT Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market.... more ABSTRACT Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market. Unemployment and temporary employment are high among youth, although considerable differences exist between European countries. In this article, we study to what extent cyclical, structural, and institutional factors explain cross-national variation in youth labour market integration. In addition, we examine educational differences in the impact of these macro-characteristics. To answer these questions, we use data on young people from 29 countries who were interviewed in the European Social Survey of 2002, 2004, 2006, or 2008 and left day-time education in the period 1992–2008. Both unemployment and temporary employment are regarded as a lack of labour market integration, compared to the situation of permanent employment. The empirical results first of all show that high unemployment hinders young people to smoothly integrate into the labour market. In addition, economic globalisation positively affects youth labour market integration. We also demonstrate that young people experience less difficulties with labour market integration as the educational system is more vocationally specific. Intermediate and higher educated particularly profit from the positive effect of the vocational specificity of the educational system. Finally, as the employment protection legislation of incumbent workers is stricter, young people experience more difficulties with labour market integration, especially higher educated youth.

Tijdschrift Voor Arbeidsvraagstukken, 2013

School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2014

Living in a single-parent family negatively affects children's educational performance compared t... more Living in a single-parent family negatively affects children's educational performance compared to living with two biological parents, mainly due to a lack of the amount of family's financial, parental and social resources. In this paper, we aim to find out to what extent both characteristics of schools and countries, i.e. the share of single-parent families, affect this negative relationship. We use pooled data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), i.e. the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 and 2003, which contain information on 217,180 students at 12,169 schools in 26 countries. We found that attending a school with more children from singleparent families affects the educational performance of all children negatively, but attending such schools particularly harms children from single-mother families. Also in countries in which the number of single-parent families is higher, children living with only a mother perform worse at school.

Labour markets in (post-)industrialized countries have changed considerably in the last decades. ... more Labour markets in (post-)industrialized countries have changed considerably in the last decades. Especially since the 1990s, employment relations have become increasingly flexible. This implies that a growing part of the labour force is employed in temporary jobs or through employment agencies nowadays, particularly at labour market entry. Temporary jobs provide less security than jobs with a permanent contract, but more security compared to unemployment. This study examines how flexibilization of the labour market affects the lives of young individuals in the Netherlands and Europe since the 1990s, using various types of large-scale survey data and applying advanced statistical regression techniques. What are the causes of employment flexibility at labour market entry? And what are the consequences for further career developments and family formation? Based on the contents of five empirical chapters, this book shows that labour market flexibilization has important implications for ...

School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2013

International Sociology, 2012

This study examines to what extent there is a trend towards increasing labour market flexibility ... more This study examines to what extent there is a trend towards increasing labour market flexibility among Dutch school-leavers between 1992 and 2007, particularly among less educated ones. In addition, the article aims to explain this trend and increasing educational differences by economic globalization, controlled for business cycle effects. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated using 16 cross-sections of the Dutch Labour Force Survey (1992-2007), including 16,447 labour market entrants. The results show that there is an increase in the likelihood of flexible employment between 1992 and 2007, which implies less standard employment, particularly among less educated individuals, and less unemployment, particularly among higher educated individuals. The less educated are hence doubly disadvantaged by the process of labour market flexibilization. It appears that economic globalization provides an explanation for these findings, except for the increasing educational differences in flexible employment compared to unemployment.

European Sociological Review, 2013

The trend towards labour market flexibilization in advanced economies since the 1990s is associat... more The trend towards labour market flexibilization in advanced economies since the 1990s is associated with more employment insecurity. This study examines to what extent employment flexibility among young people in the Netherlands is related to employment flexibility or unemployment of the partner, between 1992 and 2007. In addition, we aim to explain this relationship. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated using 16 cross-sections of the Dutch Labor Force Survey (1992-2007), including 87,204 young couples. The results show that there is a positive relationship between precarious employment of two partners and that this can be explained by the mechanism of assortative mating (i.e. people select partners that are alike with respect to characteristics like education, age and ethnicity, and, these characteristics relate at the individual level with employment situation) and through partner effects (i.e. partners can be considered as providers of skills, knowledge, and network resources that add up to one's own labour market resources to which one has access).

European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie, 2014

In this paper, we study the impact of macro-and micro-economic uncertainty on family formation be... more In this paper, we study the impact of macro-and micro-economic uncertainty on family formation between 1970 and 2000 in The Netherlands. Using data of the Family Survey Dutch Population, we analysed the monthly hazard rates of experiencing the transition into first union, first marriage and parenthood after the start of the relationship of 365 male and 364 female partners by applying piecewiseconstant exponential models. The results show that macroeconomic uncertainties, i.e. high unemployment rates, lead to postponement of the first union and marriage, but not of the first child. In addition, we found that this relationship is not interpreted by individual-level employment insecurity, i.e. temporary employment or unemployment, which does not seem to prevent people from making long-term family commitments. Although hypothesized, we did not find that the negative effects of macro-and micro-level insecurities on family formation reinforce each other or that they vary between individuals with different educational qualifications.

Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2013

In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry nega... more In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986-2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry.

Growing up in a disrupted family negatively affects children's educational performance, mainly du... more Growing up in a disrupted family negatively affects children's educational performance, mainly due to a lack of the amount of family's financial, cultural and social resources. In this paper, we aim to find out to what extent both characteristics of schools and countries can compensate for these negative effects of growing up in a disrupted family, compared to a two-parent family. We use pooled data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), i.e. the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 and 2003, which contains information on 196,118 students at 3,725 schools in 25 countries. We found that attending a school with more children from single-parent families affects the educational performance of all children negatively, but, children from single-mother families are particularly harmed by attending such schools. Also in countries in which the number of disrupted families is higher, children growing up with only a mother perform worse at school. However, we found that the negative effect of growing up with a single mother is reduced in countries with ample policies concerning the support of families through childcare. Moreover, the negative consequences of growing up in a disrupted family are larger in countries with ample social security facilities.

Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market. Unemploy... more Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market. Unemployment and temporary employment are high among youth, although considerable differences exist between European countries. In this article, we study to what extent cyclical, structural, and institutional factors explain cross-national variation in youth labour market integration. In addition, we examine educational differences in the impact of these macro-characteristics. To answer these questions, we use data on young people from 29 countries who were interviewed in the European Social Survey of 2002, 2004, 2006, or 2008 and left daytime education in the period 1992Á2008. Both unemployment and temporary employment are regarded as a lack of labour market integration, compared to the situation of permanent employment. The empirical results first of all show that high unemployment hinders young people to smoothly integrate into the labour market. In addition, economic globalisation positively affects youth labour market integration. We also demonstrate that young people experience less difficulties with labour market integration as the educational system is more vocationally specific. Intermediate and higher educated particularly profit from the positive effect of the vocational specificity of the educational system. Finally, as the employment protection legislation of incumbent workers is stricter, young people experience more difficulties with labour market integration, especially higher educated youth.