Marta Gasparrini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marta Gasparrini
A coupled study on deep cores from the Paris basin brings new insights for the geothermal potenti... more A coupled study on deep cores from the Paris basin brings new insights for the geothermal potential of the area on both sedimentary and basement geological units. Petrophysical and petrographic results of continental successions from Upper Triassic formations show that the western edge of the Paris basin can deliver fairly good reservoir properties (5-23% porosity and 5-800 mD permeability) with a the best quality index found in fluvial facies types along the continental deposition profile. The burial of the sedimentary sequence affects the reservoir quality with appearance of several diagenetic phases (dolomite and calcite cements) and feldspar dissolution to a lesser degree. In parallel, an analytical work is conducted on basement rocks from deep cores and combines petrography and petrophysics for identifying potential structures for hot water circulation in the Variscan basement, displaying mineralogical testimonies of paleofluids. These targets in the Paris basin are part of a b...
An increasing need exists to quantify the impact of diagenesis on complex and heterogeneous geolo... more An increasing need exists to quantify the impact of diagenesis on complex and heterogeneous geological reservoirs and to predict the related field-scale porosity-permeability distribution. Development of approaches to quantify diagenetic events is an important step towards the construction of integrated numerical reservoir models predicting the impact of successive diagenetic events on petrophysical properties at various scales. This article describes two distinct approaches, which allow capturing, quantifying and explaining reservoir heterogeneities of the Jurassic Arab Formation (offshore oilfield in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.) at the field and plug scale. Based on a classical diagenesis study, whereby the major diagenetic phases were characterized, distribution patterns were highlighted to further explain reservoir heterogeneities through a set of 2D interpolation diagenesis maps across the field. The best reservoir properties are encountered in the central-northern (grainstones with synt...
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
The Nördlinger Ries Crater lacustrine basin (South-West Germany), formed by a meteorite impact in... more The Nördlinger Ries Crater lacustrine basin (South-West Germany), formed by a meteorite impact in the Miocene (Langhian; ∼14.9 Ma), offers a well-established geological framework to understand the strengths and limitations of U-Pb LA-ICPMS (in situ Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) geochronology as chronostratigraphic tool for lacustrine (and more broadly continental) carbonates. The post-impact deposits include siliciclastic basinal facies at the lake centre and carbonate facies at the lake margins, coevally deposited in a time window of >1.2 and <2 Ma. Depositional and diagenetic carbonate phases (micrites and calcite cements) were investigated from three marginal carbonate facies (Hainsfarth bioherm, Adlersberg bioherm and Wallerstein mound). Petrography combined with C and O stable isotope analyses indicate that most depositional and early diagenetic carbonates preserved pristine geochemical compositions and thus the U-Pb system should reflect the timing of original precipitation. In total, 22 U-Pb ages were obtained on 10 different carbonate phases from five samples. The reproducibility and accuracy of the U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) method were estimated to be down to 1.5% based on repeated analyses of a secondary standard (speleothem calcite ASH-15d) and propagated to the obtained ages. Micrites from the Hainsfarth, Adlersberg and Wallerstein facies yielded ages of 13.90 ± 0.25, 14.14 ± 0.20 and 14.33 ± 0.27 Ma, respectively, which overlap within uncertainties, and are consistent with the weighted average age of 14.30 ± 0.20 Ma obtained from all the preserved depositional and early diagenetic phases. Data indicate that sedimentation started shortly after the impact and persisted for >1.2 and <2 Ma, in agreement with previous constraints from literature, therefore validating the accuracy of the applied method. Later calcite cements were dated at 13.2 ± 1.1 (n w = 2), 10.2 ± 2.7 and 9.51 ± 0.77 Ma, implying multiple post-depositional fluid events. This study demonstrates the great potential of the U-Pb method for chronostratigraphy in continental systems, where correlations between time-equivalent lateral facies are often out of reach. In Miocene deposits the method yields a time resolution within the 3rd order depositional sequences (0.5-5 Ma).
The Depositional Record
Interest in lacustrine systems has increased worldwide over the last few decades due to recent hy... more Interest in lacustrine systems has increased worldwide over the last few decades due to recent hydrocarbon discoveries in the South Atlantic pre-salt Cretaceous lacustrine series (Rangel and Carminatti, 2000; Gomes et al., 2009), and also following acquisition of accurate records of the various factors controlling the stratigraphic architecture (i.e., climate,
Marine and Petroleum Geology
&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;A realistic reconstruction of the time-temperature history of sedimentary basins is critical to understand basin evolution and to predict oil maturation as well to assess reservoir quality. Carbonate rocks undergo diagenetic processes that modify their mineralogical and petrophysical properties. Understanding the temperature at which those processes occur and determining the geochemistry of the driving fluids is critical to constrain their occurrence and evolution in space and time.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Here, we put to the test the joint application of two independent techniques: the traditional fluid inclusion microthermometry (FIM) and the more recent clumped isotopes thermometer (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#8710;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;). We compare thermal information acquired by &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#916;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;47 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;thermometer and FIM on diagenetic carbonates having precipitated at temperatures between 60&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C and 130&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C in Upper Triassic reservoirs (depths of 1820-2450 m) from the well-known Paris Basin, and having suffered 120&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C during maximum burial for about 20 Ma. A conventional diagenesis study (petrography, O-C isotope geochemistry) has been accomplished in samples from three different cores drilled in carbonate-cemented siliciclastic reservoir units of Norian age (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Gr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#233;s de Chaunoy&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Formation) and located in the northern part of the basin depocenter. A complete cement paragenesis was reconstructed highlighting three different burial cements: two non-ferroan blocky calcite phases (Cal1 and Cal2) and one non-ferroan dolomite phase of saddle type (Dol1). The progressively more negative &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;18&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;O&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;carb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; suggests a possible increase in temperature, going from Cal1 to Dol1, whereas the consistently negative &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;13&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;C could indicate the involvement of continental fluids.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FIM indicates homogenization temperatures (Th) spanning from 60&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C to 95&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C…
&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;In this contribution, we present a source-to-sink (S2S) analysis of the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic Yacoraite Formation, a typical lacustrine source rock from the Salta rift Basin (NW Argentina). The Yacoraite Formation corresponds to a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lacustrine sedimentary system, deposited during the sag phase (post-rift) and also records the K-T boundary. An integrated S2S approach was applied using sedimentary, geochronology, geochemical and isotopic datasets at basin scale (ca. 200 x 200 km), to better understand the complex interactions between production, destruction, and dilution processes that characterize the dynamic of organic-rich sediments. These data are used here to discuss the high-resolution (time step ca. 0.05-1 Myr) patterns of organic carbon enrichment in a lacustrine system across the K-T boundary.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Results show that the Yacoraite Formation recorded major climate changes that can be documented in terms of catchment dynamic, erosion processes, carbonate accumulation trends, lacustrine dynamic and source rock quality. The background organic matter corresponds to a Type I kerogen dominated by algal growth (mean HI 600-800 mgHC/gTOC, TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 1-2 wt.%). The K-T boundary was the climax of a climate change initiated ca. 0.3 Myr before that induced a major change in the catchment weathering processes, which temporally corresponds to the accumulation of poor quality source rock intervals (TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#8804; 0.2 wt.% and HI &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 50 mgHC/gTOC) in these series. The location of the K-T boundary is highlighted by a main negative anomaly in &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;13&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;C of the carbonate deposits in the Yacoraite Formation, as also supported by absolute U-Pb dating of inter-fingered volcanic ashes. It was followed by a major pulse in paleo-productivity, in turn followed by a major pulse in TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; (10-15 wt.%) under anoxic conditions. In ca. 0.2 Myr the lacustrine dynamic and the related organic-carbon enrichment resumed to their initial setting, just prior to the preluding K-T boundary climate change. The obtained results suggest that the Yacoraite Formation can be considered as a world-class example to illustrate how the K-T boundary is recorded in lacustrine sediments. In particular, it could be used as reference to address key questions related to cross-scale interactions, feedback loops and temporal dynamics in the sedimentary record.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;
Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference
This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study revealed that the ... more This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study revealed that the diagenetic and related reservoir quality evolution of the Upper Jurassic limestones across the studied field onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE, occurred during three phases, including: (i) near-surface to burial diagenesis, during which reservoir quality across the field was either deteriorated or preserved by calcite cementation presumably derived from marine or evolved marine pore waters. Improvement of reservoir quality was due to the formation of micropores by micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments and moldic/intragranular pores by subsequent dissolution of the peloids. (ii) Obduction of Oman ophiolites and formation of the anticline, which included gas migration and cementation of the crest and flank limestones by saddle dolomite and coarse calcite spar. High homogenization temperatures and salinity of the fluid inclusions, negative δ18OVPDB values, saddle shape of dolomite, and the pre...
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
18 O and D of fluid inclusions in carbonates provide insights into temperatures and fluid chem... more 18 O and D of fluid inclusions in carbonates provide insights into temperatures and fluid chemical compositions prevailing during the carbonate precipitation, however various analytical restrictions limit a wider application of this proxy. This paper presents a new fluid inclusions isotopic analytical line coupled to an online cavity ring-down spectrometer that increased the analytical productivity up to ten carbonate samples per working day. This efficiency allowed for the first time to assess the reliability a large set of water samples with size ranging from 0.1 to 1 µL. Good reproducibility (± 0.5 ‰ for 18 O and ± 2 ‰ D; 1) is obtained for water quantity superior or equal to 0.3 L and no evidence of memory effect is found. The line is further tested using two types of natural carbonates: (1) modern speleothems samples from caves for which 18 O and D values of drip water were measured and (2) diagenetic carbonates for which the 18 O of the parent water were independently back-calculated from carbonate clumped isotope 47 measurements. Speleothem fluid inclusion values despite falling close to the Global Meteoritic Water Line are not always representative of the isotopic composition of the parent drip water. Results on diagenetic cements show that the 18 O water values measured in fluid inclusions agree, within 1 %, with the 18 O water independently derived from 47 measurements. Overall, this study confirms the reliability and accuracy of the developed analytical line for carbonate fluid inclusion analyses with a good reproducibility obtained for water quantity above 0.3 L.
Sedimentary Geology
This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study of the Upper Juras... more This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study of the Upper Jurassic limestones of an onshore field, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) compares diagenesis in flanks and crest of the anticline. The results revealed that the diagenetic and related reservoir quality
Terra Nova
This study presents a new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isoto... more This study presents a new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isotope (Δ 47) thermometry on carbonate minerals. The offset between homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions with known composition and Δ 47 temperatures of the host mineral allows a direct estimation of the fluid pressure at the time of carbonate crystallization. This new approach is illustrated via hydrothermal dolomite samples from the Variscan foreland fold-and-thrust belt in northern Spain. Clumped isotope analyses yield crystallization temperatures (107-168 °C) which are higher compared to homogenization temperatures in corresponding samples (95-145 °C). The calculated pressure values suggest that dolomitizing fluids were overpressured during formation of zebra dolomite textures, whereas lower pressures are obtained for dolomite cement from breccia textures. This new approach to geobarometry opens up the possibility of estimating the pressure of carbonate crystallization and has potential applications in diagenesis, basin analysis, ore geology and tectonics.
Sedimentology
The reconstruction of past diagenetic conditions in sedimentary basins is often under-constrained... more The reconstruction of past diagenetic conditions in sedimentary basins is often under-constrained. This results from both the analytical challenge of performing the required analyses on the minute sample amounts available from diagenetic mineral phases and the lack of tracers for some of the diagenetic parameters. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry (D 47) opens new perspectives for unravelling the temperatures of diagenetic phases together with the source of their parent fluids, two parameters that are otherwise impossible to constrain in the absence of exploitable fluid inclusions. Here is reported the study of a large number of sedimentary and diagenetic carbonate phases (from Middle Jurassic reservoirs of the Paris Basin depocentre) by combining detailed petrographic observations with a large number of D 47 data (n > 45) on a well-documented paragenetic sequence, including calcite and dolomite burial cements. The data reveal carbonate crystallization at temperatures between 29°C and 98°C from fluids with d 18 O water values between À7& and +2&, in response to the progressive burial and uplift of the Paris Basin, throughout 165 Myr of basin evolution. Coupled with the time-temperature evolution previously estimated from thermal maturity modelling, these temperatures allow determining the timing of four successive cementation episodes. The overall data set indicates a history of complex water mixing with a significant contribution of hypersaline waters from the Triassic aquifers migrated upward along faults during the Cretaceous subsidence of the basin. Subsequent large-scale infiltrations of meteoric waters induced a dilution of these pre-existing brines in response to the Paris Basin uplift in the Tertiary. Overall, the data presented here allow proposing an integrated approach to characterize the cementation events affecting the studied carbonate reservoir units, based on temperature, oxygen isotope composition and salinity of the parent fluids as well as on petrographic grounds.
Basin Research
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
ABSTRACT The present study is focused on the Yacoraite Fm that has been deposited during the sag ... more ABSTRACT The present study is focused on the Yacoraite Fm that has been deposited during the sag phase of the Salta rift system, NW Argentina. The Salta rift (Early Cretaceous to Early Tertiary) is a huge rift system with several sub-basins and branches (100's x 100's km) where the sedimentary fill can reach a thickness of 5,000m including syn- to post-rift sequences. The Yacoraite Fm (ca. 76-62 Ma) was deposited during a transitional phase characterized by shallow marine to lacustrine mixed deposits. The depositional model of the Yacoraite Fm includes proximal mudflats carbonate-dominated facies to lagoonal and back-barrier facies that laterally pass to oolitic shoal facies associated with large stromatolites. Toward the edge of the rift, especially in hangingwall setting, siliciclastic-dominated facies (fluvial, aeolian, tidal, shoreface) commonly occurred. The Yacoraite Fm records an overall transgressive trend from fluvio-eolian sandstones passing upward to shallow marine/lacustrine carbonates in turn overlaid by lacustrine dark shales hosting halite, anhydrite and gypsum. It can be subdivided into four third-order sequences. During the deposition of Sequence 1, the sedimentation was characterized by mixed depositional environments dominated by restricted facies. Thickness variations and facies distribution suggest an influence of inherited structures, previously active during the syn-rift phase. During the deposition of Sequence 2, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by high energy carbonate-dominated depositional environments. Sequence 2 records a flooding of the basin, probably coming from the west. Facies distribution is still influenced by syn-rift structures. During the deposition of Sequence 3, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by mixed to siliciclastic-dominated depositional environments. Following a major maximum flooding surface, that probably induced a shut down in the carbonate production, Sequence 3 records a progressive abandonment of the basin ended by a major sequence boundary. During the deposition of Sequence 4, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by carbonate-dominated depositional environments. Following a first transgressive trend draping the previous paleotopography, Sequence 4 is characterized by widely distributed restricted facies with very large domal stromatolites. The lacustrine vs marine influences during each sequence is matter of debate and will be finally discussed.
... Heidelberg vorgelegt von Marta Gasparrini (Geologa) aus Salerno, Italien - 2003 - ... I must ... more ... Heidelberg vorgelegt von Marta Gasparrini (Geologa) aus Salerno, Italien - 2003 - ... I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife; And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover ...
A coupled study on deep cores from the Paris basin brings new insights for the geothermal potenti... more A coupled study on deep cores from the Paris basin brings new insights for the geothermal potential of the area on both sedimentary and basement geological units. Petrophysical and petrographic results of continental successions from Upper Triassic formations show that the western edge of the Paris basin can deliver fairly good reservoir properties (5-23% porosity and 5-800 mD permeability) with a the best quality index found in fluvial facies types along the continental deposition profile. The burial of the sedimentary sequence affects the reservoir quality with appearance of several diagenetic phases (dolomite and calcite cements) and feldspar dissolution to a lesser degree. In parallel, an analytical work is conducted on basement rocks from deep cores and combines petrography and petrophysics for identifying potential structures for hot water circulation in the Variscan basement, displaying mineralogical testimonies of paleofluids. These targets in the Paris basin are part of a b...
An increasing need exists to quantify the impact of diagenesis on complex and heterogeneous geolo... more An increasing need exists to quantify the impact of diagenesis on complex and heterogeneous geological reservoirs and to predict the related field-scale porosity-permeability distribution. Development of approaches to quantify diagenetic events is an important step towards the construction of integrated numerical reservoir models predicting the impact of successive diagenetic events on petrophysical properties at various scales. This article describes two distinct approaches, which allow capturing, quantifying and explaining reservoir heterogeneities of the Jurassic Arab Formation (offshore oilfield in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.) at the field and plug scale. Based on a classical diagenesis study, whereby the major diagenetic phases were characterized, distribution patterns were highlighted to further explain reservoir heterogeneities through a set of 2D interpolation diagenesis maps across the field. The best reservoir properties are encountered in the central-northern (grainstones with synt...
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
The Nördlinger Ries Crater lacustrine basin (South-West Germany), formed by a meteorite impact in... more The Nördlinger Ries Crater lacustrine basin (South-West Germany), formed by a meteorite impact in the Miocene (Langhian; ∼14.9 Ma), offers a well-established geological framework to understand the strengths and limitations of U-Pb LA-ICPMS (in situ Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) geochronology as chronostratigraphic tool for lacustrine (and more broadly continental) carbonates. The post-impact deposits include siliciclastic basinal facies at the lake centre and carbonate facies at the lake margins, coevally deposited in a time window of >1.2 and <2 Ma. Depositional and diagenetic carbonate phases (micrites and calcite cements) were investigated from three marginal carbonate facies (Hainsfarth bioherm, Adlersberg bioherm and Wallerstein mound). Petrography combined with C and O stable isotope analyses indicate that most depositional and early diagenetic carbonates preserved pristine geochemical compositions and thus the U-Pb system should reflect the timing of original precipitation. In total, 22 U-Pb ages were obtained on 10 different carbonate phases from five samples. The reproducibility and accuracy of the U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) method were estimated to be down to 1.5% based on repeated analyses of a secondary standard (speleothem calcite ASH-15d) and propagated to the obtained ages. Micrites from the Hainsfarth, Adlersberg and Wallerstein facies yielded ages of 13.90 ± 0.25, 14.14 ± 0.20 and 14.33 ± 0.27 Ma, respectively, which overlap within uncertainties, and are consistent with the weighted average age of 14.30 ± 0.20 Ma obtained from all the preserved depositional and early diagenetic phases. Data indicate that sedimentation started shortly after the impact and persisted for >1.2 and <2 Ma, in agreement with previous constraints from literature, therefore validating the accuracy of the applied method. Later calcite cements were dated at 13.2 ± 1.1 (n w = 2), 10.2 ± 2.7 and 9.51 ± 0.77 Ma, implying multiple post-depositional fluid events. This study demonstrates the great potential of the U-Pb method for chronostratigraphy in continental systems, where correlations between time-equivalent lateral facies are often out of reach. In Miocene deposits the method yields a time resolution within the 3rd order depositional sequences (0.5-5 Ma).
The Depositional Record
Interest in lacustrine systems has increased worldwide over the last few decades due to recent hy... more Interest in lacustrine systems has increased worldwide over the last few decades due to recent hydrocarbon discoveries in the South Atlantic pre-salt Cretaceous lacustrine series (Rangel and Carminatti, 2000; Gomes et al., 2009), and also following acquisition of accurate records of the various factors controlling the stratigraphic architecture (i.e., climate,
Marine and Petroleum Geology
&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;A realistic reconstruction of the time-temperature history of sedimentary basins is critical to understand basin evolution and to predict oil maturation as well to assess reservoir quality. Carbonate rocks undergo diagenetic processes that modify their mineralogical and petrophysical properties. Understanding the temperature at which those processes occur and determining the geochemistry of the driving fluids is critical to constrain their occurrence and evolution in space and time.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Here, we put to the test the joint application of two independent techniques: the traditional fluid inclusion microthermometry (FIM) and the more recent clumped isotopes thermometer (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#8710;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;). We compare thermal information acquired by &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#916;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;47 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;thermometer and FIM on diagenetic carbonates having precipitated at temperatures between 60&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C and 130&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C in Upper Triassic reservoirs (depths of 1820-2450 m) from the well-known Paris Basin, and having suffered 120&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C during maximum burial for about 20 Ma. A conventional diagenesis study (petrography, O-C isotope geochemistry) has been accomplished in samples from three different cores drilled in carbonate-cemented siliciclastic reservoir units of Norian age (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Gr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#233;s de Chaunoy&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Formation) and located in the northern part of the basin depocenter. A complete cement paragenesis was reconstructed highlighting three different burial cements: two non-ferroan blocky calcite phases (Cal1 and Cal2) and one non-ferroan dolomite phase of saddle type (Dol1). The progressively more negative &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;18&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;O&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;carb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; suggests a possible increase in temperature, going from Cal1 to Dol1, whereas the consistently negative &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;13&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;C could indicate the involvement of continental fluids.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FIM indicates homogenization temperatures (Th) spanning from 60&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C to 95&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#176;C…
&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;In this contribution, we present a source-to-sink (S2S) analysis of the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic Yacoraite Formation, a typical lacustrine source rock from the Salta rift Basin (NW Argentina). The Yacoraite Formation corresponds to a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lacustrine sedimentary system, deposited during the sag phase (post-rift) and also records the K-T boundary. An integrated S2S approach was applied using sedimentary, geochronology, geochemical and isotopic datasets at basin scale (ca. 200 x 200 km), to better understand the complex interactions between production, destruction, and dilution processes that characterize the dynamic of organic-rich sediments. These data are used here to discuss the high-resolution (time step ca. 0.05-1 Myr) patterns of organic carbon enrichment in a lacustrine system across the K-T boundary.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Results show that the Yacoraite Formation recorded major climate changes that can be documented in terms of catchment dynamic, erosion processes, carbonate accumulation trends, lacustrine dynamic and source rock quality. The background organic matter corresponds to a Type I kerogen dominated by algal growth (mean HI 600-800 mgHC/gTOC, TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 1-2 wt.%). The K-T boundary was the climax of a climate change initiated ca. 0.3 Myr before that induced a major change in the catchment weathering processes, which temporally corresponds to the accumulation of poor quality source rock intervals (TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#8804; 0.2 wt.% and HI &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 50 mgHC/gTOC) in these series. The location of the K-T boundary is highlighted by a main negative anomaly in &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#948;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;13&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sup&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;C of the carbonate deposits in the Yacoraite Formation, as also supported by absolute U-Pb dating of inter-fingered volcanic ashes. It was followed by a major pulse in paleo-productivity, in turn followed by a major pulse in TOC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/sub&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; (10-15 wt.%) under anoxic conditions. In ca. 0.2 Myr the lacustrine dynamic and the related organic-carbon enrichment resumed to their initial setting, just prior to the preluding K-T boundary climate change. The obtained results suggest that the Yacoraite Formation can be considered as a world-class example to illustrate how the K-T boundary is recorded in lacustrine sediments. In particular, it could be used as reference to address key questions related to cross-scale interactions, feedback loops and temporal dynamics in the sedimentary record.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;
Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference
This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study revealed that the ... more This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study revealed that the diagenetic and related reservoir quality evolution of the Upper Jurassic limestones across the studied field onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE, occurred during three phases, including: (i) near-surface to burial diagenesis, during which reservoir quality across the field was either deteriorated or preserved by calcite cementation presumably derived from marine or evolved marine pore waters. Improvement of reservoir quality was due to the formation of micropores by micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments and moldic/intragranular pores by subsequent dissolution of the peloids. (ii) Obduction of Oman ophiolites and formation of the anticline, which included gas migration and cementation of the crest and flank limestones by saddle dolomite and coarse calcite spar. High homogenization temperatures and salinity of the fluid inclusions, negative δ18OVPDB values, saddle shape of dolomite, and the pre...
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
18 O and D of fluid inclusions in carbonates provide insights into temperatures and fluid chem... more 18 O and D of fluid inclusions in carbonates provide insights into temperatures and fluid chemical compositions prevailing during the carbonate precipitation, however various analytical restrictions limit a wider application of this proxy. This paper presents a new fluid inclusions isotopic analytical line coupled to an online cavity ring-down spectrometer that increased the analytical productivity up to ten carbonate samples per working day. This efficiency allowed for the first time to assess the reliability a large set of water samples with size ranging from 0.1 to 1 µL. Good reproducibility (± 0.5 ‰ for 18 O and ± 2 ‰ D; 1) is obtained for water quantity superior or equal to 0.3 L and no evidence of memory effect is found. The line is further tested using two types of natural carbonates: (1) modern speleothems samples from caves for which 18 O and D values of drip water were measured and (2) diagenetic carbonates for which the 18 O of the parent water were independently back-calculated from carbonate clumped isotope 47 measurements. Speleothem fluid inclusion values despite falling close to the Global Meteoritic Water Line are not always representative of the isotopic composition of the parent drip water. Results on diagenetic cements show that the 18 O water values measured in fluid inclusions agree, within 1 %, with the 18 O water independently derived from 47 measurements. Overall, this study confirms the reliability and accuracy of the developed analytical line for carbonate fluid inclusion analyses with a good reproducibility obtained for water quantity above 0.3 L.
Sedimentary Geology
This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study of the Upper Juras... more This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study of the Upper Jurassic limestones of an onshore field, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) compares diagenesis in flanks and crest of the anticline. The results revealed that the diagenetic and related reservoir quality
Terra Nova
This study presents a new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isoto... more This study presents a new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isotope (Δ 47) thermometry on carbonate minerals. The offset between homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions with known composition and Δ 47 temperatures of the host mineral allows a direct estimation of the fluid pressure at the time of carbonate crystallization. This new approach is illustrated via hydrothermal dolomite samples from the Variscan foreland fold-and-thrust belt in northern Spain. Clumped isotope analyses yield crystallization temperatures (107-168 °C) which are higher compared to homogenization temperatures in corresponding samples (95-145 °C). The calculated pressure values suggest that dolomitizing fluids were overpressured during formation of zebra dolomite textures, whereas lower pressures are obtained for dolomite cement from breccia textures. This new approach to geobarometry opens up the possibility of estimating the pressure of carbonate crystallization and has potential applications in diagenesis, basin analysis, ore geology and tectonics.
Sedimentology
The reconstruction of past diagenetic conditions in sedimentary basins is often under-constrained... more The reconstruction of past diagenetic conditions in sedimentary basins is often under-constrained. This results from both the analytical challenge of performing the required analyses on the minute sample amounts available from diagenetic mineral phases and the lack of tracers for some of the diagenetic parameters. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry (D 47) opens new perspectives for unravelling the temperatures of diagenetic phases together with the source of their parent fluids, two parameters that are otherwise impossible to constrain in the absence of exploitable fluid inclusions. Here is reported the study of a large number of sedimentary and diagenetic carbonate phases (from Middle Jurassic reservoirs of the Paris Basin depocentre) by combining detailed petrographic observations with a large number of D 47 data (n > 45) on a well-documented paragenetic sequence, including calcite and dolomite burial cements. The data reveal carbonate crystallization at temperatures between 29°C and 98°C from fluids with d 18 O water values between À7& and +2&, in response to the progressive burial and uplift of the Paris Basin, throughout 165 Myr of basin evolution. Coupled with the time-temperature evolution previously estimated from thermal maturity modelling, these temperatures allow determining the timing of four successive cementation episodes. The overall data set indicates a history of complex water mixing with a significant contribution of hypersaline waters from the Triassic aquifers migrated upward along faults during the Cretaceous subsidence of the basin. Subsequent large-scale infiltrations of meteoric waters induced a dilution of these pre-existing brines in response to the Paris Basin uplift in the Tertiary. Overall, the data presented here allow proposing an integrated approach to characterize the cementation events affecting the studied carbonate reservoir units, based on temperature, oxygen isotope composition and salinity of the parent fluids as well as on petrographic grounds.
Basin Research
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
ABSTRACT The present study is focused on the Yacoraite Fm that has been deposited during the sag ... more ABSTRACT The present study is focused on the Yacoraite Fm that has been deposited during the sag phase of the Salta rift system, NW Argentina. The Salta rift (Early Cretaceous to Early Tertiary) is a huge rift system with several sub-basins and branches (100's x 100's km) where the sedimentary fill can reach a thickness of 5,000m including syn- to post-rift sequences. The Yacoraite Fm (ca. 76-62 Ma) was deposited during a transitional phase characterized by shallow marine to lacustrine mixed deposits. The depositional model of the Yacoraite Fm includes proximal mudflats carbonate-dominated facies to lagoonal and back-barrier facies that laterally pass to oolitic shoal facies associated with large stromatolites. Toward the edge of the rift, especially in hangingwall setting, siliciclastic-dominated facies (fluvial, aeolian, tidal, shoreface) commonly occurred. The Yacoraite Fm records an overall transgressive trend from fluvio-eolian sandstones passing upward to shallow marine/lacustrine carbonates in turn overlaid by lacustrine dark shales hosting halite, anhydrite and gypsum. It can be subdivided into four third-order sequences. During the deposition of Sequence 1, the sedimentation was characterized by mixed depositional environments dominated by restricted facies. Thickness variations and facies distribution suggest an influence of inherited structures, previously active during the syn-rift phase. During the deposition of Sequence 2, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by high energy carbonate-dominated depositional environments. Sequence 2 records a flooding of the basin, probably coming from the west. Facies distribution is still influenced by syn-rift structures. During the deposition of Sequence 3, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by mixed to siliciclastic-dominated depositional environments. Following a major maximum flooding surface, that probably induced a shut down in the carbonate production, Sequence 3 records a progressive abandonment of the basin ended by a major sequence boundary. During the deposition of Sequence 4, the sedimentation was mainly characterized by carbonate-dominated depositional environments. Following a first transgressive trend draping the previous paleotopography, Sequence 4 is characterized by widely distributed restricted facies with very large domal stromatolites. The lacustrine vs marine influences during each sequence is matter of debate and will be finally discussed.
... Heidelberg vorgelegt von Marta Gasparrini (Geologa) aus Salerno, Italien - 2003 - ... I must ... more ... Heidelberg vorgelegt von Marta Gasparrini (Geologa) aus Salerno, Italien - 2003 - ... I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife; And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover ...