Marta Szabo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marta Szabo
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Journal of Energy Storage
Sustainable Cities and Society
2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)
Journal of Cleaner Production
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy... more Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Hungarian Agricultural Engineering
Agrivoltaic systems have been proposed as the most prominent synergetic application of agricultur... more Agrivoltaic systems have been proposed as the most prominent synergetic application of agricultural and energetic sectors. Integrating solar power generating with agricultural activities is relatively new; however, it has started with implementing the PV panels into the greenhouses. Comparatively, openfield agrivoltaics systems are still growing and under-development in many locations around the world. The urge to explore innovative solutions for the increasing demand for electricity and food has been the main motivation for the research centers, researchers, and governments to escalate agrivoltaics development globally. In this paper, the current and most recent projects and studies of open-field agrivoltaic systems are presented, compared, and analyzed in order to anticipate the potential and path of development for agrivoltaics in the near future. Several pieces of research from different countries globally were included to illustrate the main features and performance indicators ...
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concr... more Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot climate conditions. The study considered the effect of PCM encapsulation heat transfer area on brick's thermal performance at the same PCM quantity. PCM bricks included three different PCM capsule arrangements in which the first brick involved one bulky capsule (Brick-B, 4*4*10 cm3), the second brick had two capsules (Brick-C, 4*4*5 cm3), and the third brick involved five PCM capsules (Brick-D, 4*4*2 cm3). The peak temperature reduction (PTR), the conductive heat transfer reduction (HTRc), and the time delay (TD) were presented and calculated, taking into account the inner and outer brick surface temperatures of PCM bricks compared with the reference brick. Results showed that concrete bricks' thermal performance could be remarkably improved using PCM even under maximum outdoor temperatures. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for Brick-D, in which the maximum PTR, HTRc, and TD are reached 156.5%, ∼61%, and ∼133%, respectively, compared with the reference brick under maximum outdoor temperatures.
These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources ... more These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources and tries to give an overview about the latest developments and trends in the different technologies. Due to the fact that unconsolidated data are used there is an uncertainty margin which should not be neglected. We have cross checked and validate the different data against each others, but do not take any responsibility about the use of these data.
Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest... more Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest available data and statistics.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy... more Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Energy for Sustainable Development
Combined phase change material (PCM) and thermal insulation is a crucial practical opportunity to... more Combined phase change material (PCM) and thermal insulation is a crucial practical opportunity to improve thermal inertia and resistance for energy-effective and nearly-zero energy buildings. To this aim, the current paper quantitatively investigated the role of traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) thermal insulation of different thicknesses to improve the thermal performance of building envelope integrated PCM under harsh summer months. The improvement in indoor temperature was studied considering the maximum indoor temperature reduction (MITR), time lag (TL), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR) and average operative temperature reduction (AOTR). Thereafter, the average heat gain reduction (AHGR) was introduced to quantify the thermal enhancement of envelope elements. Simulation results revealed that building envelope integrated with PCM-EPS demonstrated better thermal performance than incorporating PCM alone. Compared with the PCM room, the indoor temperature of PCM-EPS rooms was improved by a maximum of 143 %, 177.2 %, 35 % and 8.5 % in terms of MITR, TL, ATFR and AOTR, respectively, along with enhanced envelope resistance by up to 103.8 % concerning the AHGR. Increasing EPS layer thickness by up to 2 cm has increased the PCM room thermal performance during the daytime. However, the EPS thickness of 1 cm showed better performance considering the ATFR and AOTR during full thermal cycles.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Energy Conversion and Management: X, 2021
Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal syste... more Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal systems, including buildings. Identifying the best PCM candidate is a critical incorporation parameter that influences building thermal performance. This paper discusses the selection of potential PCM candidates that could be applied for building heating applications in cold locations. A qualitative decision matrix (QDM) is applied for several commercial PCMs after an extensive analysis of relevant literature studies. The melting temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, compatibility, flammability and cost of each PCM are considered in the QDM to find the most suitable candidates with the best effective properties and features. PCM properties/features are assigned with scores and weights in the QDM based on their importance for the application. Three scenarios are investigated in this work, including and excluding the PCM cost with varying and equal weights. Results showed that RT28HC had the highest score in all scenarios, followed by SavE®HS29 in the first scenario (when the cost is included) and PureTemp 32 in the second scenario without considering the cost. The methodology and results presented in this work are believed to be as efficient as logical for future studies compared with the traditional methods that rely on investigating the PCM thermo-physical properties.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concr... more Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot climate conditions. The study considered the effect of PCM encapsulation heat transfer area on brick's thermal performance at the same PCM quantity. PCM bricks included three different PCM capsule arrangements in which the first brick involved one bulky capsule (Brick-B, 4*4*10 cm3), the second brick had two capsules (Brick-C, 4*4*5 cm3), and the third brick involved five PCM capsules (Brick-D, 4*4*2 cm3). The peak temperature reduction (PTR), the conductive heat transfer reduction (HTRc), and the time delay (TD) were presented and calculated, taking into account the inner and outer brick surface temperatures of PCM bricks compared with the reference brick. Results showed that concrete bricks' thermal performance could be remarkably improved using PCM even under maximum outdoor temperatures. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for Brick-D, in which the maximum PTR, HTRc, and TD are reached 156.5%, ∼61%, and ∼133%, respectively, compared with the reference brick under maximum outdoor temperatures.
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Journal of Energy Storage
Sustainable Cities and Society
2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)
Journal of Cleaner Production
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy... more Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Hungarian Agricultural Engineering
Agrivoltaic systems have been proposed as the most prominent synergetic application of agricultur... more Agrivoltaic systems have been proposed as the most prominent synergetic application of agricultural and energetic sectors. Integrating solar power generating with agricultural activities is relatively new; however, it has started with implementing the PV panels into the greenhouses. Comparatively, openfield agrivoltaics systems are still growing and under-development in many locations around the world. The urge to explore innovative solutions for the increasing demand for electricity and food has been the main motivation for the research centers, researchers, and governments to escalate agrivoltaics development globally. In this paper, the current and most recent projects and studies of open-field agrivoltaic systems are presented, compared, and analyzed in order to anticipate the potential and path of development for agrivoltaics in the near future. Several pieces of research from different countries globally were included to illustrate the main features and performance indicators ...
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concr... more Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot climate conditions. The study considered the effect of PCM encapsulation heat transfer area on brick's thermal performance at the same PCM quantity. PCM bricks included three different PCM capsule arrangements in which the first brick involved one bulky capsule (Brick-B, 4*4*10 cm3), the second brick had two capsules (Brick-C, 4*4*5 cm3), and the third brick involved five PCM capsules (Brick-D, 4*4*2 cm3). The peak temperature reduction (PTR), the conductive heat transfer reduction (HTRc), and the time delay (TD) were presented and calculated, taking into account the inner and outer brick surface temperatures of PCM bricks compared with the reference brick. Results showed that concrete bricks' thermal performance could be remarkably improved using PCM even under maximum outdoor temperatures. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for Brick-D, in which the maximum PTR, HTRc, and TD are reached 156.5%, ∼61%, and ∼133%, respectively, compared with the reference brick under maximum outdoor temperatures.
These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources ... more These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources and tries to give an overview about the latest developments and trends in the different technologies. Due to the fact that unconsolidated data are used there is an uncertainty margin which should not be neglected. We have cross checked and validate the different data against each others, but do not take any responsibility about the use of these data.
Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest... more Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest available data and statistics.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy... more Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Energy for Sustainable Development
Combined phase change material (PCM) and thermal insulation is a crucial practical opportunity to... more Combined phase change material (PCM) and thermal insulation is a crucial practical opportunity to improve thermal inertia and resistance for energy-effective and nearly-zero energy buildings. To this aim, the current paper quantitatively investigated the role of traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) thermal insulation of different thicknesses to improve the thermal performance of building envelope integrated PCM under harsh summer months. The improvement in indoor temperature was studied considering the maximum indoor temperature reduction (MITR), time lag (TL), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR) and average operative temperature reduction (AOTR). Thereafter, the average heat gain reduction (AHGR) was introduced to quantify the thermal enhancement of envelope elements. Simulation results revealed that building envelope integrated with PCM-EPS demonstrated better thermal performance than incorporating PCM alone. Compared with the PCM room, the indoor temperature of PCM-EPS rooms was improved by a maximum of 143 %, 177.2 %, 35 % and 8.5 % in terms of MITR, TL, ATFR and AOTR, respectively, along with enhanced envelope resistance by up to 103.8 % concerning the AHGR. Increasing EPS layer thickness by up to 2 cm has increased the PCM room thermal performance during the daytime. However, the EPS thickness of 1 cm showed better performance considering the ATFR and AOTR during full thermal cycles.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Energy Conversion and Management: X, 2021
Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal syste... more Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal systems, including buildings. Identifying the best PCM candidate is a critical incorporation parameter that influences building thermal performance. This paper discusses the selection of potential PCM candidates that could be applied for building heating applications in cold locations. A qualitative decision matrix (QDM) is applied for several commercial PCMs after an extensive analysis of relevant literature studies. The melting temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, compatibility, flammability and cost of each PCM are considered in the QDM to find the most suitable candidates with the best effective properties and features. PCM properties/features are assigned with scores and weights in the QDM based on their importance for the application. Three scenarios are investigated in this work, including and excluding the PCM cost with varying and equal weights. Results showed that RT28HC had the highest score in all scenarios, followed by SavE®HS29 in the first scenario (when the cost is included) and PureTemp 32 in the second scenario without considering the cost. The methodology and results presented in this work are believed to be as efficient as logical for future studies compared with the traditional methods that rely on investigating the PCM thermo-physical properties.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concr... more Abstract In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot climate conditions. The study considered the effect of PCM encapsulation heat transfer area on brick's thermal performance at the same PCM quantity. PCM bricks included three different PCM capsule arrangements in which the first brick involved one bulky capsule (Brick-B, 4*4*10 cm3), the second brick had two capsules (Brick-C, 4*4*5 cm3), and the third brick involved five PCM capsules (Brick-D, 4*4*2 cm3). The peak temperature reduction (PTR), the conductive heat transfer reduction (HTRc), and the time delay (TD) were presented and calculated, taking into account the inner and outer brick surface temperatures of PCM bricks compared with the reference brick. Results showed that concrete bricks' thermal performance could be remarkably improved using PCM even under maximum outdoor temperatures. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for Brick-D, in which the maximum PTR, HTRc, and TD are reached 156.5%, ∼61%, and ∼133%, respectively, compared with the reference brick under maximum outdoor temperatures.