Martin Preisig - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Martin Preisig

Translational Psychiatry, Oct 1, 2013

Smoking influences body weight such that smokers weigh less than non-smokers and smoking cessatio... more Smoking influences body weight such that smokers weigh less than non-smokers and smoking cessation often leads to weight increase. The relationship between body weight and smoking is partly explained by the effect of nicotine on appetite and metabolism. However, the brain reward system is involved in the control of the intake of both food and tobacco. We evaluated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting body mass index (BMI) on smoking behavior, and tested the 32 SNPs identified in a meta-analysis for association with two smoking phenotypes, smoking initiation (SI) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in an Icelandic sample (N ¼ 34 216 smokers). Combined according to their effect on BMI, the SNPs correlate with both SI (r ¼ 0.019, P ¼ 0.00054) and CPD (r ¼ 0.032, P ¼ 8.0 Â 10 À 7). These findings replicate in a second large data set (N ¼ 127 274, thereof 76 242 smokers) for both SI (P ¼ 1.2 Â 10 À 5) and CPD (P ¼ 9.3 Â 10 À 5). Notably, the variant most strongly associated with BMI (rs1558902-A in FTO) did not associate with smoking behavior. The association with smoking behavior is not due to the effect of the SNPs on BMI. Our results strongly point to a common biological basis of the regulation of our appetite for tobacco and food, and thus the vulnerability to nicotine addiction and obesity.

Nutrients, 2021

Diet has been associated with the risk of depression, whereas different subtypes of depression ha... more Diet has been associated with the risk of depression, whereas different subtypes of depression have been linked with different cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). In this study, our aims were to (1) identify dietary patterns with exploratory factor analysis, (2) assess cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and depression subtypes, and (3) examine the potentially mediating effect of dietary patterns in the associations between CVRFs and depression subtypes. In the first follow-up of the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (2009–2013, 3554 participants, 45.6% men, mean age 57.5 years), a food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intake and a semi-structured interview allowed to characterize major depressive disorder into current or remitted atypical, melancholic, and unspecified subtypes. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, Mediterranean, and Sweet-Dairy. Western diet was positively associated with current atypical depression, but negatively assoc...

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021

Background-Only a few studies with conflicting results have examined the effects of sex on the pr... more Background-Only a few studies with conflicting results have examined the effects of sex on the prospective association between depression and subsequent obesity. Objective-1) To simultaneously assess the associations of the subtypes (atypical, melancholic, unspecified) of major depressive disorder (MDD) measured at baseline and subtypes of major depressive episodes (MDE) that emerged during a 5.5-year follow-up with changes in obesity markers (body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass) during this follow-up, and 2) to test the effect of sex on these associations. Methods-Data from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based cohort study including 2702 participants (50.1% women, mean age 49.6 years). Criteria for mental disorders were elicited using semi-structured interviews. Results-Atypical MDD at baseline and during follow-up were associated with a steeper increase in the three studied obesity markers. Melancholic MDD at baseline was associated with a steeper increase in BMI. Several significant interactions with sex were found indicating higher increase in fat mass in men than in women following melancholic MDD reported at baseline, higher decrease in BMI and fat mass in women than in men related to melancholic MDE emerging during follow-up and higher increase in waist circumference in men than in women following unspecified MDD reported at baseline. Limitations-Urban sample which may not be representative for the whole population. Conclusions-Our results further advocate for the specific need of a thorough monitoring of obesity markers in patients with atypical MDD and suggest less favorable obesity marker changes mainly related to melancholic MDE in men.

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2021

BACKGROUND Exposure to childhood adversities (CHAD) has been found to be strongly associated with... more BACKGROUND Exposure to childhood adversities (CHAD) has been found to be strongly associated with individuals' mental health and social development. Recently, it has been suggested that certain CHAD patterns exist in the population, which are more closely related to individuals' later mental health than the simple summation of adversities. The current study aims 1) to establish CHAD patterns based on self-reported child abuse and family dysfunction and 2) to assess their associations with mental disorders and sociodemographic indicators reported in adulthood. METHODS Data used in this cross-sectional study were derived from the representative CoLaus/PsyCoLaus population-based cohort (N = 5111, 35 to 88 years). Latent class analysis was conducted for the identification of CHAD patterns, while their associations with mental disorders and socioeconomic achievements (e. g. education and income) were investigated using correspondence analysis. RESULTS Four CHAD patterns emerged. While the majority (70.7%) of the sample showed an overall low adversity pattern (c1), 13.6% had not been raised by both of their biological parents due to divorce or being placed in foster home (c2), 11.0% had been raised by conflictive / dysfunctional / abusive parents (c3), and 4.7% showed high overall adversities (c4). Patterns c3 and c4 were most strongly associated with various mental disorders, especially c3 with internalizing anxiety disorders, while c2 was closely related to lower educational achievement. CONCLUSIONS Four CHAD patterns characterised by varying levels of child abuse and family dysfunction existed in this community sample. They yielded distinct associations with mental disorders and socioeconomic indicators.

Translational Psychiatry, 2021

Studies considering the causal role of body mass index (BMI) for the predisposition of major depr... more Studies considering the causal role of body mass index (BMI) for the predisposition of major depressive disorder (MDD) based on a Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach have shown contradictory results. These inconsistent findings may be attributable to the heterogeneity of MDD; in fact, several studies have documented associations between BMI and mainly the atypical subtype of MDD. Using a MR approach, we investigated the potential causal role of obesity in both the atypical subtype and its five specific symptoms assessed according to the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), in two large European cohorts, CoLaus|PsyCoLaus (n = 3350, 1461 cases and 1889 controls) and NESDA|NTR (n = 4139, 1182 cases and 2957 controls). We first tested general obesity measured by BMI and then the body fat distribution measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results suggested that BMI is potentially causally related to the symptom increase in appetite, for which inverse variance weighted, simple ...

Psychosomatic Medicine, 2018

Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: The complex relationship between psychosocial stress ... more Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: The complex relationship between psychosocial stress over the lifetime, psychological factors and the cardiometabolic risk is still poorly understood. Accordingly, our aims were to 1) independently assess the associations between childhood adversity, life-event stress in remote (earlier than the last 5 years) and recent adulthood and the cardiometabolic risk, and 2) determine the role of psychological factors including personality, coping and depression in these associations. Methods: Methods: Methods: Methods: The sample included 2674 adults, aged 35 to 66 year, randomly selected from urban area. Participants underwent a physical exam including the assessment of obesity markers, blood pressure as well as blood lipid and glucose levels. Stress during adulthood was determined using the severity scores of 52 stressful life events. Information on adverse childhood experiences and major depressive disorders was collected using semi-structured interviews, whereas personality traits and coping mechanisms were evaluated through questionnaires.

Psychiatry Research, 2019

Three subtypes of AUD were empirically derived in a Swiss community sample  Subtypes: 1.) low, 2... more Three subtypes of AUD were empirically derived in a Swiss community sample  Subtypes: 1.) low, 2.) depressive-anxious, 3.) drug-dependent antisocial comorbidity  1.) Males, less severe AUD, less risk factors and consequences, late onset  2.) Mainly females, late onset, less severe AUD, more impairment, early adversity  3.) Young age and onset, severe AUD, impaired, life adversity, alcohol consequences  Lower helpseeking and use of psychotropic medication was reported in LOW  More informal sources of helpseeking for alcohol problems were used by DD-AS

Drug Development Research, 2019

The severity of symptoms as well as efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD... more The severity of symptoms as well as efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD) is modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different genes, which may contribute in an additive or synergistic fashion. We aimed to investigate depression severity in participants with MDD under treatment with antidepressants in relation to the combinatory effect of selected genetic variants combined using a genetic risk score (GRS). The sample included 150 MDD patients on regular AD therapy from the population-based Swiss PsyCoLaus cohort. We investigated 44 SNPs previously associated with antidepressant response by ranking them with regard to their association to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D) score using random forest. The three top scoring SNPs (rs12248560, rs878567, rs17710780) were subsequently combined into an unweighted GRS, which was included in linear and logistic regression models using the CES-D score, occurrence of a major depressive episode (MDE) during follow-up and regular antidepressant treatment during the 6 months preceding follow-up assessment as outcomes. The GRS was associated with MDE occurrence (p = .02) and ln CES-D score (p = .001). The HTR1A rs878567 variant was associated with ln CES-D after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables [p = .02, lower scores for minor allele (G) carriers]. Additionally, rs12248560 (CYP2C19) CC homozygotes showed a six-fold higher likelihood of regular AD therapy at follow-up compared to minor allele homozygotes [TT; ultrarapid metabolizers (p = .03)]. Our study suggests that the cumulative consideration of pharmacogenetic risk variants more reliably reflects the impact of the genetic background on depression severity than individual SNPs.

Bipolar Disorders, 2019

ObjectivesTo clarify the clinical features preceding the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) has becom... more ObjectivesTo clarify the clinical features preceding the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) has become a public health priority for the prevention of high morbidity and mortality. BD remains frequently under‐ or misdiagnosed, and under‐ or mistreated, often for years.MethodsWe assessed the predictive value of precursors and prodromes of BD. We assessed precursors of first‐lifetime manic or hypomanic episodes with/without mixed features in retrospective and prospective studies. The task force evaluated and summarized separately assessments of familial risk, premorbid personality traits, retrospective, and prospective studies.ResultsCyclothymic features, a family history of BD, retrospectively reported attenuated manic symptoms, prospectively identified subthreshold symptoms of hypomania, recurrence of depression, panic anxiety and psychotic features, have been identified as clinical precursors of BD. The prodromal symptoms like [hypo]mania often appears to be long enough to encourage ear...

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2017

BACKGROUND Given the well known heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), dividing this c... more BACKGROUND Given the well known heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), dividing this complex disorder into subtypes is likely to be a more promising approach to identify its determinants than to study it as a whole. METHODS In a prospective population-based cohort study (CoLaus|PsyCoLaus) with 5.5 years of follow-up, 1524 participants without MDD at baseline, aged 35 to 66 years (mean age 51.4 years, 43.4% females), participated in the physical and psychiatric baseline and the psychiatric follow-up evaluations. RESULTS The incidence of both atypical and melancholic MDD during the follow-up period were predicted by female sex, a lifetime history of minor depressive disorders and higher neuroticism scores. Higher baseline body mass index was associated with the onset of atypical MDD, whereas the absence of hypertension and younger age were associated with the development of melancholic MDD. Unspecified MDD was predicted by younger age, low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and elevated life-event impact scores. LIMITATIONS The age range of our cohort restricts the identification of risk factors to MDD with onset in midlife and the recruitment in an urban area limits the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MDD subtypes are predicted by partially distinct combinations of baseline characteristics suggesting that these subtypes not only differ in their clinical manifestations but also in factors that contribute to their development. Subjects with minor depressive episodes, especially in combination with particular personality features, deserve close clinical attention to prevent the subsequent onset of atypical and melancholic major depression.

Psychological Medicine, 2017

BackgroundThere has been increasing evidence that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated wi... more BackgroundThere has been increasing evidence that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with mood disorders. However, the findings have been inconsistent because of heterogeneity across studies and methodological limitations. Our aim is to prospectively evaluate the bi-directional associations between inflammatory markers including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with mood disorders.MethodsThe sample consisted of 3118 participants (53.7% women; mean age: 51.0, s.d. 8.8 years), randomly selected from the general population, who underwent comprehensive somatic and psychiatric evaluations at baseline and follow-up (mean follow-up duration = 5.5 years, s.d. 0.6). Current and remitted mood disorders including bipolar and major depressive disorders (MDD) and its subtypes (atypical, melancholic, combined atypical and melancholic, and unspecified) were based on semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Inflammatory biomar...

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2017

Purpose: Given the broad range of biopsychosocial difficulties resulting from Major Depressive Di... more Purpose: Given the broad range of biopsychosocial difficulties resulting from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), reliable evidence for predictors of improved mental health is essential, particularly from unbiased prospective community samples. Consequently, potential clinical and non-clinical predictors of improved mental health, defined as an absence of current MDE at follow-up, were examined over a 5-year period in a community sample. Methods: The longitudinal population-based PsyCoLaus study from the city of Lausanne, Switzerland, was used. Subjects having a lifetime MDD with a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) at baseline assessment were selected, resulting in a subsample of 210 subjects. Logistic regressions were applied to the data. Results: Coping behaviours were the most important predictive factors in the present study. More specifically, low emotion-oriented coping and informal help-seeking behaviour at baseline were associated with the absence of an MDD diagnosis at follow-up. Notably, the partitioning of depression into subtypes did not show differential associations and only a trend-level association was found between regular physical activity and the absence of MDD diagnosis at follow-up. Conclusions: The paramount role of coping behaviours as predictors of improvement in depression found in the present study might be a valuable target for resource-oriented therapeutic models. On the one hand, the positive impact of low emotion-oriented coping highlights the utility of clinical interventions interrupting excessive mental ruminations during MDE. On the other hand, the importance of informal social networks raises questions regarding how to enlarge the personal network of affected subjects and on how to best support informal caregivers.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, Jan 22, 2017

BackgroundDepression and obesity are highly prevalent, and major impacts on public health frequen... more BackgroundDepression and obesity are highly prevalent, and major impacts on public health frequently co-occur. Recently, we reported that having depression moderates the effect of the FTO gene, suggesting its implication in the association between depression and obesity.AimsTo confirm these findings by investigating the FTO polymorphism rs9939609 in new cohorts, and subsequently in a meta-analysis.MethodThe sample consists of 6902 individuals with depression and 6799 controls from three replication cohorts and two original discovery cohorts. Linear regression models were performed to test for association between rs9939609 and body mass index (BMI), and for the interaction between rs9939609 and depression status for an effect on BMI. Fixed and random effects meta-analyses were performed using METASOFT.ResultsIn the replication cohorts, we observed a significant interaction between FTO, BMI and depression with fixed effects meta-analysis (β = 0.12, P = 2.7 × l0(-4)) and with the Han/E...

Psychiatry research, Jun 9, 2017

Little is known about adherence to dietary recommendations and depression. Furthermore, dietary h... more Little is known about adherence to dietary recommendations and depression. Furthermore, dietary habits may differ among depression subtypes, which has not been evaluated previously. Two population-based Swiss studies, including 3620 individuals from PsyCoLaus and 11,032 individuals from the Swiss Health Survey 2012 (SHS), were used to examine the associations between adherence to common dietary guidelines and odds of depressive disorders. In both studies, depression was assessed by validated instruments. Adherence to dietary recommendations were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (PsyCoLaus) and by single item questions (SHS). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of adhering to dietary recommendations with depression. For the analyses of diet with depression subtypes maximum-likelihood multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression analyses were conducted. No association of adherence to dietary recommendations with current major de...

Molecular Psychiatry, 2016

The mechanisms and temporal sequence underlying the association between major depressive disorder... more The mechanisms and temporal sequence underlying the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardio-metabolic diseases are still poorly understood. Recent research suggests subtyping depression in order to study the mechanisms underlying its association with biological correlates. Accordingly, our aims were to 1) assess the prospective associations of the atypical, melancholic and unspecified subtypes of MDD with changes of fasting glucose, HDLcholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and the incidence of the metabolic syndrome, 2) determine the potential mediating role of inflammatory marker or adipokine concentrations, eating behaviors and changes in waist circumference during follow-up. Data stemmed from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a prospective cohort study including 35 to 66 year-old randomly selected residents of an urban area. Among the Caucasian participants who underwent the physical and psychiatric baseline evaluations, 2813 (87% participation rate) also accepted the physical followup exam (mean follow-up duration=5.5 years). Symptoms of mental disorders were elicited using a semi-structured interview. The atypical MDD subtype, and only this subtype, was prospectively associated with a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome (OR=2.49; 95% C.I. 1.30-4.77), a steeper increase of waist circumference (β=2.41; 95% C.I. 1.19-3.63) and independently of this, with a steeper increase of the fasting glucose level (β=131; 95% C.I. 38-225) during follow-up. These associations were not attributable to or mediated by inflammatory marker or adipokine concentrations, eating behaviors, comorbid psychiatric disorders or lifestyle factors. Accordingly, our results further support the subtyping of MDD and highlight the particular need for prevention and treatment of metabolic consequences in patients with atypical MDD.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, Jan 21, 2016

Interest in subtypes of mental disorders is growing in parallel with continuing research progress... more Interest in subtypes of mental disorders is growing in parallel with continuing research progress in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to examine pure animal phobia in contrast to other specific phobias and a mixed subtype. Data from three representative Swiss community samples were analysed: PsyCoLaus (n = 3720), the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey (n = 1500) and the Zurich Study (n = 591). Pure animal phobia and mixed animal/other specific phobias consistently displayed a low age at onset of first symptoms (8-12 years) and clear preponderance of females (OR > 3). Meanwhile, other specific phobias started up to 10 years later and displayed almost a balanced sex ratio. Pure animal phobia showed no associations with any included risk factors and comorbid disorders, in contrast to numerous associations found in the mixed subtype and in other specific phobias. Across the whole range of epidemiological parameters examined in three different samples, pure animal phobia seems to represen...

Cephalalgia, 2016

Background Migraine is a prevalent disorder characterised by recurrent headache attacks preceded ... more Background Migraine is a prevalent disorder characterised by recurrent headache attacks preceded or accompanied by aura in a subgroup of patients. Migraine often occurs together with major depressive disorder (MDD). Alterations of adipokine levels have been reported both in migraine and in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the associations between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and migraine or migraine subtypes. Analyses were adjusted for a lifetime history of MDD in order to investigate the association between adipokines and migraine under consideration of depression status. Methods We included 3025 participants from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The impact of leptin and adiponectin levels on a diagnosis of migraine was analysed by binary regression analyses, adjusting for variables known to influence adipokine levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the presence of aura. Results Crude leptin levels were significantly higher in subjects with migrai...

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2016

PLOS ONE, 2015

Obesity development during psychotropic treatments represents a major health issue in psychiatry.... more Obesity development during psychotropic treatments represents a major health issue in psychiatry. Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCHR2) is a central receptor involved in energy homeostasis. MCHR2 shares its promoter region with MCHR2-AS1, a long antisense non-coding RNA. The aim of this study was to determine whether tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1 are associated with the body mass index (BMI) in the psychiatric and in the general population. The influence of MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1 tSNPs on BMI was firstly investigated in a discovery psychiatric sample (n 1 = 474). Positive results were tested for replication in two other psychiatric samples (n 2 = 164, n 3 = 178) and in two population-based samples (CoLaus, n 4 = 5409; GIANT, n 5 = 113809). In the discovery sample, TT carriers of rs7754794C>T had 1.08 kg/m 2 (p = 0.04) lower BMI as compared to C-allele carriers. This observation was replicated in an independent psychiatric sample (-2.18 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.009). The association of rs7754794C>T and BMI seemed stronger in subjects younger than 45 years (median of age). In the population-based sample, a moderate association was observed (-0.17 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.02

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2015

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare subjects dually diagnosed with posttraumatic stres... more Objective: The aim of the study was to compare subjects dually diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) to those with only one or none of these conditions regarding helpseeking needs and behaviors. Method: Data from a large community sample (N=3,694) were used to assess the associations among lifetime PTSD and AUD, other psychiatric disorders, clinical characteristics and lifetime helpseeking behaviors derived from a semi-structured interview. Results: Comorbid individuals had more severe clinical profiles and were more impaired than individuals with either PTSD or AUD alone or those with no/other psychiatric conditions. However, they did not differ in overall helpseeking behavior from any other group. Those with comorbid PTSD/AUD were even less likely than the other groups to seek help for depression and anxiety disorders through specific treatment facilities or the use of prescribed psychotropic drugs. Conclusions: Despite a greater need for treatment the comorbid group did not seek more help than the others. Their lower use of prescribed drugs supports the self-medication hypothesis, suggesting that those individuals relieve their symptoms through higher alcohol use instead. Our findings underline the need for health care facilities to encourage help-seeking behavior in the aftermath of stressful life events.