Martine Audibert - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Martine Audibert
hina's barefoot doctor system is known for having provided inexpensive and accessible medical car... more hina's barefoot doctor system is known for having provided inexpensive and accessible medical care to its large rural population in the 1960s and 70s. (1) Barefoot doctors, chosen from local farmers, received basic medical training and then served in the rural areas with a focus on preventive and primary health care. The barefoot doctor system together with the Cooperative Medical System (CMS) in the rural areas became a model for the developing world, reflecting an approach to health care that was "egalitarian, grassroots-based, decentralised, de-professionalised, 'low-tech,' economically feasible, and culturally appropriate." (2) However, the system came to an end with the advent of market reforms in the 1980s, and many barefoot doctors either became private doctors or gave up medical practice. In 1985, the name "barefoot doctor" (chijiao yisheng) was officially abolished and replaced by the name "village doctor" (xiangcun yisheng). (3) More than three decades have passed since this dramatic change, and barefoot doctors seem to have been forgotten. However, the legacy of the barefoot doctor system is still felt in the hardships of aging former barefoot doctors who now find themselves pensionless. It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million people (4) worked as barefoot doctors in the collective era, and today there are still around one million (5) former barefoot doctors nationwide. Based on a case study in Riverside County, this article records the experiences of a group of former barefoot doctors, showing how they strive for payment, pension, and status in post-reform China, and how the historical experience of barefoot doctors can inspire health care reforms today. The study is based on one year of ethnographic research in Riverside County (pseudonym) of Sichuan Province between October 2011 and October 2012. In early 2012, my acquaintance introduced me to a village doctor -Doctor Lian from Revival Town, who was in his 60s. I visited Doctor Lian and interviewed him and two more village doctors he introduced to me. The next morning, I got a phone call from another village doctor in the same town, who had heard of my visit and wanted me to visit him as well. "I have a lot to say," he stated on the phone. I went to Revival Town again and met Doctor Li, a 76-year-old former barefoot doctor. A few days later, another doctor from Revival Town called me and said that a group of them would be gathering for a meeting in the township hospital and would like to meet me afterwards to "express their thoughts." I subsequently met Doctor Zhao and around 10 other village doctors who were in their 50s, 60s, and 70s. All these doctors were former barefoot doctors who continued medical practice after their collective medical teams were dismantled. In my field, this group of former barefoot doctors appeared to be one of the most resentful groups in the on-going health care reform. After these encounters, I visited 16 village clinics and 12 private clinics around the county, meeting dozens of former barefoot doctors. I interviewed these doctors in N o .
IGI Global eBooks, 2018
This study is part of a research program in collaboration with the Weifang Health Bureau and the ... more This study is part of a research program in collaboration with the Weifang Health Bureau and the Weifang Medical University in Shandong Province, PR of China. The authors want to thank warmly the Embassy of France in Beijing, more specifically Elvire Aronica, Adviser, Director of the Bureau of Socials Affairs and Amélie Darras, Program Officer, as well as the University of Auvergne for their financial support. We would like also to express our deep thanks to the staff of the Weifang Health Bureau, of the township hospitals included in our sample, to our colleagues and to the master and PhD students of the Medical University of Weifang for their excellent collaboration during the whole project and the very fruitful discussions and stimulating exchanges that we had throughout this research. We are also grateful to J. Aker, E. Sadoulet, J-C. Berthélemy, C. Ebeke and S. Marchand for their helpful comments. This Working Paper is the companion of two others: on (i) the determinants of inpatients and outpatients activities and (ii) of efficiency of preventive and curative activities of township hospitals. A general report regarding the whole research describes more extensively the activities and financing of township hospitals, their individual situation, and includes a set of policy oriented recommendations with numerous statistical data. It is available in English and in Chinese language.
Regards croisés sur les politiques publiques et les usages sociaux
Environnement risques & santé, Jun 1, 2023
Economie rizicole des exploitations de l'Office du Niger : campagne 1990-1991 : volume 3. Résultats parasitologiques malacologiques et anthropologiques concernant les schistosomiases à l'Office du Niger
SERIE ETUDES ET DOCUMENTS DU CERDI Two-Period Comparison of Healthcare Demand with Income Growth and Population Aging in Rural China: Implications for Adjustment of the Healthcare Supply and Development
International journal of applied behavioral economics, 2017
Background: To explore the equity in health services in the rural areas, by studying the rural re... more Background: To explore the equity in health services in the rural areas, by studying the rural residents in two counties of Ningbo City, Zhejiang. Methods: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was performed to draw the study sample. Trained investigators conducted face to face interviews using a questionnaire. Rural residents were stratified into 5 income groups. Centralized index (CI) and risk ratios (RR) were used to assess the equity in health services and the impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). Results: The centralized index of the 2 weeks prevalence, two-week visiting rate and chronic disease prevalence among different income groups was − 0.0264, − 0.0076 and − 0.0160, respectively, while that of the hospitalization rate was 0.0006. The highest NCMS coverage rate, adjusted risk of disease and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) rates were observed in lowest income groups (92.86, 4.94 and 32.21%, respectively. Two-week prevalence, chronic diseases prevalence and RR showed a declining trend with increasing income levels. Conclusion: NCMS has improved the service availability and reduced the economic burden of diseases. However, its impact on reducing the economic risk of illness and promoting equity in health services has not been significant.
Effet économique du paludisme en Côte-d'Ivoire
Catastrophic cost of the illness shock, lost of income and access to the health care: what's the implication for the health insurance in China
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2019
The purpose of this paper is to briefly present a methodological framework that does not require ... more The purpose of this paper is to briefly present a methodological framework that does not require cumbersome investigations for a first assessment of the financial sustainability of policies aiming to remove or reduce healthcare user fees (the so-called free healthcare policy [FHCP]). This paper is organized in two main sections. The first analyzes the various possibilities available to finance an FHCP. Using several scenarios, it includes a special focus devoted to the calculus of what to consider when assessing the sustainability of expanding fiscal space for financing the FHCP. The second section relies on the current FHCP being implemented in Burkina Faso to illustrate a selection of specific issues raised in the methodological framework. The results suggest that sustainable FHCP financing is not outside the range of the government but does represent a significant challenge, as it will require, both currently and in the future, complex and delicate budget trade-offs at the highest governmental levels, regardless of other policy options to be considered.
Termite mounds in Cambodian paddy fields. Are they always kept for improving soil quality?
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 25, 2022
Evaluation of contracting
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 1, 2022
In Madagascar, malaria remains the leading cause of consultation and deaths at hospital at all ag... more In Madagascar, malaria remains the leading cause of consultation and deaths at hospital at all ages and pneumonia is one of the main causes of the under-five mortality and account for 45 % of children hospitalizations. The number of these cases and deaths has not decreased during the last ten years. This paper aims to determine the effects of malaria and pneumonia cases on rice and vanilla production and income. We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2016 by the authors on 975 rural households and 3,586 individuals of the SAVA region in the northeast of Madagascar. After checking the presence of endogeneity, ordinary least-square method was used instead of twostage least squares. Our results showed that malaria has no effect on production, and therefore does not affect income. Pneumonia has an effect on production of rice and vanilla. Moreover, the cost of malaria and pneumonia healthcare burdened by households affect their consumption by reducing expenditure on housing. There are many campaigns for the fight against malaria in Madagascar, but pneumonia prevention measures are very rare. Therefore, pneumonia should be considered in the same way as malaria due to its effects on production and investment to fight against these two diseases must be strengthened in order to decrease the costs for the households.
Activities and Performance of Township Hospitals in Rural China: Analysis of a Survey in Shandong Province
Revue d’économie du développement, 2008
Decentralization in China in the 1990s placed township hospitals (TH) at the heart of rural Chine... more Decentralization in China in the 1990s placed township hospitals (TH) at the heart of rural Chinese health care. We collected data from a sample of 21 THs in Shandong province in order to analyze the determinants of their activities and assess their efficiency during the period 1986-2000. Among other results, and controlling for other factors, we find that local income per capita in the TH area of activity as well as the perceived attractiveness of THs have positive effects on the number of outpatients and inpatients treated. The price of care has a negative effect and existing medical insurance schemes have no significant effect. The partial vertical integration of village health stations with THs seems to have slowed TH activity. The efficiency of THs has improved, with some convergence in our sample. Financial constraints, human resource issues, and institutional factors related to the regulation of hospitals by the supervisory body and to the governance of this body played important roles in this overall positive evolution.
[Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis in Mayo Danaï (North Cameroon)]
PubMed, Sep 1, 1983
The state of the S. haematobium infection in North Cameroon seemed sufficiently well known to reg... more The state of the S. haematobium infection in North Cameroon seemed sufficiently well known to regard as negligible the risks involved in planning hydro-agricultural plants. However, a series of field-studies conducted by the authors in one of these sites (SEMRY II, North of Yagoua, in the Mayo Danaï area) has shown that the spread of this disease varies widely from village to village. It is sometimes absent, and on average, it rarely exceeds 15% of the sample (approximately 4,000 people, spread over 28 survey areas). This result is obtained using a representative sample of about 70,000 people, directly or indirectly affected by the hydro-agricultural project. The technique used was a simple centrifugation, and no egg count was made. Two malacological investigations performed in the same area complemented the parasitological inquiry. Comparison of these results with previous works shows that the latter used too few observations, the statistical representativity of which was never assured. On the other hand, recent evaluations, done independently of those reported in this paper, but which are limited to a few villages, confirm that the present infection rate for S. haematobium is appreciably lower than what is believed, and that it varies considerably from village to village. This re-evaluation of the problem leads us to conclude that the hydroagricultural plants, which are intended to develop irrigated rice-growing, might cause a considerable upsurge of the disease; and that this risk should be prevented by setting up specific control programs.
Rôle du paludisme dans l'efficience technique des producteurs de coton du nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire
Revue d'économie du développement, 1999
The Malaria Effects on Technical Efficiency of Cotton Growers in Northern Côte d'Ivoire This ... more The Malaria Effects on Technical Efficiency of Cotton Growers in Northern Côte d'Ivoire This article assess the role of malaria on the agricultural development and more precisely on technical efficiency in the context of cotton crop in the Korhogo region in the North of Côte d'Ivoire. The stochastic frontier production function incorporating a model for technical inefficiency effects (Battese and Coelli, 1995) was applied in order to check the hypothesis that the efficiency deviations between farmers should be explained by the disparity of the presence and the severity of malaria infection among the farmers and their family. Field data was collected by the authors between March 1997 and February 1998 on 700 rural households living in three production systems differently exposed to the malaria risk. Three malaria indicators were used. There were the prevalence, in the active (11-55 years old) family members of the farm, of parasitemia, high and very high densities of Plasmodium falciparum. The results of the model and the distribution of farm efficiency according to the presence and the severity of malaria infection obviously determine a critical threshold above which malaria has a negative effect on technical efficiency in the cotton crop. Then, farm households in which the proportion of actives with a high density of Plasmodium falciparum (more than 499 parasites/pl of blood) was higher or equal to 25 %, were less efficient than the farm households in which this density is lower.
Irrigation, Schistosomiasis, and Malaria in the Logone Valley, Cameroon
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jun 1, 1990
Field studies of a rice irrigation project in Mayo-Danai, North Cameroon permitted a direct compa... more Field studies of a rice irrigation project in Mayo-Danai, North Cameroon permitted a direct comparison between pre- and post-development data relating to schistosomiasis and malaria infection. A stratified sample of 4,000 inhabitants, representing 8% of the population living in 28 areas at the time of the first survey, was investigated 5 times between 1979 and 1985. Due to the significant population increase since 1982, 1,500 persons were added to the initial sample. The prevalence of schistosomiasis and malaria remained constant over the 6 years. No changes in the transmission sites were observed. Malacological investigations showed a decrease in the snail population in the project area. Sanitation activities (i.e., drain cleaning and well construction) and decreased rainfall contributed to this situation. The prevalence of infection among the migrants was low. High prevalence of schistosomiasis was found only in villages located along a previously contaminated temporary river.
Paludisme, production et revenu des producteurs de café et cacao : une étude sur données d'enquête en Côte d'Ivoire
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 6, 2007
Social Science & Medicine, Feb 1, 1993
Dracunculiasis prevention should be simple: in a population at risk, everyone may be protected by... more Dracunculiasis prevention should be simple: in a population at risk, everyone may be protected by the filtration of drinking water. The research described in this paper allowed the authors to follow the acceptance of new information by villagers in nine localities in Mali. Two strategies were studied: safe water supply (bore-hole or cement lined wells) plus health education on the one hand, and health education alone (based on filtration) on the other. Safe water supply is undoubtedly an effective strategy whereas the success of the health education intervention is uncertain. This experience showed that health education as the only means of control failed due to a lack of social cohesion or of coordinated group-action. Also, when dracunculiasis control is not a population's priority goal, the constraints on systematic filtration are too great and a tendancy to discontinue the filtration process occurs. On the other hand, when dracunculiasis is considered to be a serious problem by the population, new information about systematic filtration is better assimilated and leads to behavioural changes. In order that the goal of eradicating dracunculiasis by 1995 should not be an utopic dream, it is necessary to prioritise the allocation of clean rural water supply projects only to those endemic villages where the conditions that allow for health education to be successful are met.
Impact and efficiency of the integration of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the community management of malaria in Madagascar [Impact et efficience de l’intégration du diagnostic et du traitement de la pneumonie dans la prise en charge communautaire du paludisme à Madagascar]
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2020
Impact and efficiency of the integration of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the community management of malaria in Madagascar
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2020
hina's barefoot doctor system is known for having provided inexpensive and accessible medical car... more hina's barefoot doctor system is known for having provided inexpensive and accessible medical care to its large rural population in the 1960s and 70s. (1) Barefoot doctors, chosen from local farmers, received basic medical training and then served in the rural areas with a focus on preventive and primary health care. The barefoot doctor system together with the Cooperative Medical System (CMS) in the rural areas became a model for the developing world, reflecting an approach to health care that was "egalitarian, grassroots-based, decentralised, de-professionalised, 'low-tech,' economically feasible, and culturally appropriate." (2) However, the system came to an end with the advent of market reforms in the 1980s, and many barefoot doctors either became private doctors or gave up medical practice. In 1985, the name "barefoot doctor" (chijiao yisheng) was officially abolished and replaced by the name "village doctor" (xiangcun yisheng). (3) More than three decades have passed since this dramatic change, and barefoot doctors seem to have been forgotten. However, the legacy of the barefoot doctor system is still felt in the hardships of aging former barefoot doctors who now find themselves pensionless. It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million people (4) worked as barefoot doctors in the collective era, and today there are still around one million (5) former barefoot doctors nationwide. Based on a case study in Riverside County, this article records the experiences of a group of former barefoot doctors, showing how they strive for payment, pension, and status in post-reform China, and how the historical experience of barefoot doctors can inspire health care reforms today. The study is based on one year of ethnographic research in Riverside County (pseudonym) of Sichuan Province between October 2011 and October 2012. In early 2012, my acquaintance introduced me to a village doctor -Doctor Lian from Revival Town, who was in his 60s. I visited Doctor Lian and interviewed him and two more village doctors he introduced to me. The next morning, I got a phone call from another village doctor in the same town, who had heard of my visit and wanted me to visit him as well. "I have a lot to say," he stated on the phone. I went to Revival Town again and met Doctor Li, a 76-year-old former barefoot doctor. A few days later, another doctor from Revival Town called me and said that a group of them would be gathering for a meeting in the township hospital and would like to meet me afterwards to "express their thoughts." I subsequently met Doctor Zhao and around 10 other village doctors who were in their 50s, 60s, and 70s. All these doctors were former barefoot doctors who continued medical practice after their collective medical teams were dismantled. In my field, this group of former barefoot doctors appeared to be one of the most resentful groups in the on-going health care reform. After these encounters, I visited 16 village clinics and 12 private clinics around the county, meeting dozens of former barefoot doctors. I interviewed these doctors in N o .
IGI Global eBooks, 2018
This study is part of a research program in collaboration with the Weifang Health Bureau and the ... more This study is part of a research program in collaboration with the Weifang Health Bureau and the Weifang Medical University in Shandong Province, PR of China. The authors want to thank warmly the Embassy of France in Beijing, more specifically Elvire Aronica, Adviser, Director of the Bureau of Socials Affairs and Amélie Darras, Program Officer, as well as the University of Auvergne for their financial support. We would like also to express our deep thanks to the staff of the Weifang Health Bureau, of the township hospitals included in our sample, to our colleagues and to the master and PhD students of the Medical University of Weifang for their excellent collaboration during the whole project and the very fruitful discussions and stimulating exchanges that we had throughout this research. We are also grateful to J. Aker, E. Sadoulet, J-C. Berthélemy, C. Ebeke and S. Marchand for their helpful comments. This Working Paper is the companion of two others: on (i) the determinants of inpatients and outpatients activities and (ii) of efficiency of preventive and curative activities of township hospitals. A general report regarding the whole research describes more extensively the activities and financing of township hospitals, their individual situation, and includes a set of policy oriented recommendations with numerous statistical data. It is available in English and in Chinese language.
Regards croisés sur les politiques publiques et les usages sociaux
Environnement risques & santé, Jun 1, 2023
Economie rizicole des exploitations de l'Office du Niger : campagne 1990-1991 : volume 3. Résultats parasitologiques malacologiques et anthropologiques concernant les schistosomiases à l'Office du Niger
SERIE ETUDES ET DOCUMENTS DU CERDI Two-Period Comparison of Healthcare Demand with Income Growth and Population Aging in Rural China: Implications for Adjustment of the Healthcare Supply and Development
International journal of applied behavioral economics, 2017
Background: To explore the equity in health services in the rural areas, by studying the rural re... more Background: To explore the equity in health services in the rural areas, by studying the rural residents in two counties of Ningbo City, Zhejiang. Methods: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was performed to draw the study sample. Trained investigators conducted face to face interviews using a questionnaire. Rural residents were stratified into 5 income groups. Centralized index (CI) and risk ratios (RR) were used to assess the equity in health services and the impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). Results: The centralized index of the 2 weeks prevalence, two-week visiting rate and chronic disease prevalence among different income groups was − 0.0264, − 0.0076 and − 0.0160, respectively, while that of the hospitalization rate was 0.0006. The highest NCMS coverage rate, adjusted risk of disease and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) rates were observed in lowest income groups (92.86, 4.94 and 32.21%, respectively. Two-week prevalence, chronic diseases prevalence and RR showed a declining trend with increasing income levels. Conclusion: NCMS has improved the service availability and reduced the economic burden of diseases. However, its impact on reducing the economic risk of illness and promoting equity in health services has not been significant.
Effet économique du paludisme en Côte-d'Ivoire
Catastrophic cost of the illness shock, lost of income and access to the health care: what's the implication for the health insurance in China
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2019
The purpose of this paper is to briefly present a methodological framework that does not require ... more The purpose of this paper is to briefly present a methodological framework that does not require cumbersome investigations for a first assessment of the financial sustainability of policies aiming to remove or reduce healthcare user fees (the so-called free healthcare policy [FHCP]). This paper is organized in two main sections. The first analyzes the various possibilities available to finance an FHCP. Using several scenarios, it includes a special focus devoted to the calculus of what to consider when assessing the sustainability of expanding fiscal space for financing the FHCP. The second section relies on the current FHCP being implemented in Burkina Faso to illustrate a selection of specific issues raised in the methodological framework. The results suggest that sustainable FHCP financing is not outside the range of the government but does represent a significant challenge, as it will require, both currently and in the future, complex and delicate budget trade-offs at the highest governmental levels, regardless of other policy options to be considered.
Termite mounds in Cambodian paddy fields. Are they always kept for improving soil quality?
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 25, 2022
Evaluation of contracting
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 1, 2022
In Madagascar, malaria remains the leading cause of consultation and deaths at hospital at all ag... more In Madagascar, malaria remains the leading cause of consultation and deaths at hospital at all ages and pneumonia is one of the main causes of the under-five mortality and account for 45 % of children hospitalizations. The number of these cases and deaths has not decreased during the last ten years. This paper aims to determine the effects of malaria and pneumonia cases on rice and vanilla production and income. We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2016 by the authors on 975 rural households and 3,586 individuals of the SAVA region in the northeast of Madagascar. After checking the presence of endogeneity, ordinary least-square method was used instead of twostage least squares. Our results showed that malaria has no effect on production, and therefore does not affect income. Pneumonia has an effect on production of rice and vanilla. Moreover, the cost of malaria and pneumonia healthcare burdened by households affect their consumption by reducing expenditure on housing. There are many campaigns for the fight against malaria in Madagascar, but pneumonia prevention measures are very rare. Therefore, pneumonia should be considered in the same way as malaria due to its effects on production and investment to fight against these two diseases must be strengthened in order to decrease the costs for the households.
Activities and Performance of Township Hospitals in Rural China: Analysis of a Survey in Shandong Province
Revue d’économie du développement, 2008
Decentralization in China in the 1990s placed township hospitals (TH) at the heart of rural Chine... more Decentralization in China in the 1990s placed township hospitals (TH) at the heart of rural Chinese health care. We collected data from a sample of 21 THs in Shandong province in order to analyze the determinants of their activities and assess their efficiency during the period 1986-2000. Among other results, and controlling for other factors, we find that local income per capita in the TH area of activity as well as the perceived attractiveness of THs have positive effects on the number of outpatients and inpatients treated. The price of care has a negative effect and existing medical insurance schemes have no significant effect. The partial vertical integration of village health stations with THs seems to have slowed TH activity. The efficiency of THs has improved, with some convergence in our sample. Financial constraints, human resource issues, and institutional factors related to the regulation of hospitals by the supervisory body and to the governance of this body played important roles in this overall positive evolution.
[Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis in Mayo Danaï (North Cameroon)]
PubMed, Sep 1, 1983
The state of the S. haematobium infection in North Cameroon seemed sufficiently well known to reg... more The state of the S. haematobium infection in North Cameroon seemed sufficiently well known to regard as negligible the risks involved in planning hydro-agricultural plants. However, a series of field-studies conducted by the authors in one of these sites (SEMRY II, North of Yagoua, in the Mayo Danaï area) has shown that the spread of this disease varies widely from village to village. It is sometimes absent, and on average, it rarely exceeds 15% of the sample (approximately 4,000 people, spread over 28 survey areas). This result is obtained using a representative sample of about 70,000 people, directly or indirectly affected by the hydro-agricultural project. The technique used was a simple centrifugation, and no egg count was made. Two malacological investigations performed in the same area complemented the parasitological inquiry. Comparison of these results with previous works shows that the latter used too few observations, the statistical representativity of which was never assured. On the other hand, recent evaluations, done independently of those reported in this paper, but which are limited to a few villages, confirm that the present infection rate for S. haematobium is appreciably lower than what is believed, and that it varies considerably from village to village. This re-evaluation of the problem leads us to conclude that the hydroagricultural plants, which are intended to develop irrigated rice-growing, might cause a considerable upsurge of the disease; and that this risk should be prevented by setting up specific control programs.
Rôle du paludisme dans l'efficience technique des producteurs de coton du nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire
Revue d'économie du développement, 1999
The Malaria Effects on Technical Efficiency of Cotton Growers in Northern Côte d'Ivoire This ... more The Malaria Effects on Technical Efficiency of Cotton Growers in Northern Côte d'Ivoire This article assess the role of malaria on the agricultural development and more precisely on technical efficiency in the context of cotton crop in the Korhogo region in the North of Côte d'Ivoire. The stochastic frontier production function incorporating a model for technical inefficiency effects (Battese and Coelli, 1995) was applied in order to check the hypothesis that the efficiency deviations between farmers should be explained by the disparity of the presence and the severity of malaria infection among the farmers and their family. Field data was collected by the authors between March 1997 and February 1998 on 700 rural households living in three production systems differently exposed to the malaria risk. Three malaria indicators were used. There were the prevalence, in the active (11-55 years old) family members of the farm, of parasitemia, high and very high densities of Plasmodium falciparum. The results of the model and the distribution of farm efficiency according to the presence and the severity of malaria infection obviously determine a critical threshold above which malaria has a negative effect on technical efficiency in the cotton crop. Then, farm households in which the proportion of actives with a high density of Plasmodium falciparum (more than 499 parasites/pl of blood) was higher or equal to 25 %, were less efficient than the farm households in which this density is lower.
Irrigation, Schistosomiasis, and Malaria in the Logone Valley, Cameroon
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jun 1, 1990
Field studies of a rice irrigation project in Mayo-Danai, North Cameroon permitted a direct compa... more Field studies of a rice irrigation project in Mayo-Danai, North Cameroon permitted a direct comparison between pre- and post-development data relating to schistosomiasis and malaria infection. A stratified sample of 4,000 inhabitants, representing 8% of the population living in 28 areas at the time of the first survey, was investigated 5 times between 1979 and 1985. Due to the significant population increase since 1982, 1,500 persons were added to the initial sample. The prevalence of schistosomiasis and malaria remained constant over the 6 years. No changes in the transmission sites were observed. Malacological investigations showed a decrease in the snail population in the project area. Sanitation activities (i.e., drain cleaning and well construction) and decreased rainfall contributed to this situation. The prevalence of infection among the migrants was low. High prevalence of schistosomiasis was found only in villages located along a previously contaminated temporary river.
Paludisme, production et revenu des producteurs de café et cacao : une étude sur données d'enquête en Côte d'Ivoire
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 6, 2007
Social Science & Medicine, Feb 1, 1993
Dracunculiasis prevention should be simple: in a population at risk, everyone may be protected by... more Dracunculiasis prevention should be simple: in a population at risk, everyone may be protected by the filtration of drinking water. The research described in this paper allowed the authors to follow the acceptance of new information by villagers in nine localities in Mali. Two strategies were studied: safe water supply (bore-hole or cement lined wells) plus health education on the one hand, and health education alone (based on filtration) on the other. Safe water supply is undoubtedly an effective strategy whereas the success of the health education intervention is uncertain. This experience showed that health education as the only means of control failed due to a lack of social cohesion or of coordinated group-action. Also, when dracunculiasis control is not a population's priority goal, the constraints on systematic filtration are too great and a tendancy to discontinue the filtration process occurs. On the other hand, when dracunculiasis is considered to be a serious problem by the population, new information about systematic filtration is better assimilated and leads to behavioural changes. In order that the goal of eradicating dracunculiasis by 1995 should not be an utopic dream, it is necessary to prioritise the allocation of clean rural water supply projects only to those endemic villages where the conditions that allow for health education to be successful are met.
Impact and efficiency of the integration of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the community management of malaria in Madagascar [Impact et efficience de l’intégration du diagnostic et du traitement de la pneumonie dans la prise en charge communautaire du paludisme à Madagascar]
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2020
Impact and efficiency of the integration of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the community management of malaria in Madagascar
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2020