Carmen Martos - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Carmen Martos

Numbers of census tracts, numbers of deaths for all causes, population at risk and age-standardis... more Numbers of census tracts, numbers of deaths for all causes, population at risk and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) by sex, period (1996–1998 and 2005–2007) and city (33 cities in Spain). Shows the numbers of census tracts in each city. The number varies from 57 in Pontevedra to 2358 in Madrid. This table also includes the numbers of deaths, population at risk, and the ASMR per 100,000 inhabitants by period and sex. These rates tend to decline in all the cities and in both sexes, with the exception of Zaragoza where rise in both sexes. (DOC 133 kb)

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Cancer registries - guardians of breast cancer b... more Supplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Cancer registries - guardians of breast cancer biomarker information: A systematic review by Lena Voith von Voithenberg, Emanuele Crocetti, Carmen Martos, Nadya Dimitrova, Francesco Giusti, Giorgia Randi, Roisin Rooney, Tadeusz Dyba, Manola Bettio and Raquel Negrão Carvalho in The International Journal of Biological Markers

preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequaliti... more preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in most cities analysed, associating a higher risk of death with higher levels of deprivation. Inequalities have remained over the two periods analysed. This study Nolasco et al. International Journal for Equity in Health (2015) 14:33 DOI 10.1186/s12939-015-0164-0Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, España Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlemakes it possible to identify those areas where excess preventable mortality was associated with more deprived zones. It is in these deprived zones where actions to reduce and monitor health inequalities should be put into place. Primary healthcare may play an important role in this process.

Since the 1980s, Spain experienced two decades of sharply increasing breast cancer incidence. Dec... more Since the 1980s, Spain experienced two decades of sharply increasing breast cancer incidence. Declines in breast cancer incidence have recently been reported in many developed countries. We examined whether a similar downturn might have taken place in Spain in recent years. Cases of invasive female breast cancer were drawn from all population-based Spanish cancer registries that had at least 10 years of uninterrupted registration over the period 1980 – 2004. Overall and age-specific changes in incidence rates were evaluated using change-point Poisson models, which allow for accurate detection and estimation of trend changes. All statistical tests were two-sided. A total of 80 453 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. Overall age- and registry-adjusted incidence rates rose by 2.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.7 % to 3.1%) annually during the 1980s and 1990s; there was a statistically significant change in this trend in 2001 (95 % CI = 1998 to 2004; P value ...

Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, 2010

Fundamento: Diversos estudios sugieren la relacion entre menor nivel socioeconomico y factores am... more Fundamento: Diversos estudios sugieren la relacion entre menor nivel socioeconomico y factores ambientales con mayor riesgo de cancer. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar desigualdades geograficas en mortalidad e incidencia por cancer de laringe (CL) en varones y su asociacion con factores de privacion y ambientales en el marco del proyecto MEDEA. Metodos: Estudio ecologico cuya poblacion de referencia fueron los hombres residentes en el municipio de Zaragoza. El periodo de estudio fue 1996-2003. Las defunciones fueron obtenidas del Registro de Mortalidad de Aragon, los casos incidentes del Registro Poblacional de Cancer de Zaragoza y los datos socioeconomicos del Censo de 2001. Se utilizo la base de datos del Registro Europeo de Emisiones Contaminantes en la localizacion de posibles industrias contaminantes. Para cada seccion censal (SC) se obtuvo un indice de privacion mediante analisis de componentes principales. Se obtuvieron las Razones de Mortalidad e Incidencia Estandariza...

Epidemiologia & Prevenzione, 2010

Applied Sciences, 2021

Population-based cancer registry data provide a key epidemiological resource for monitoring cance... more Population-based cancer registry data provide a key epidemiological resource for monitoring cancer in defined populations. Validation of the data variables contributing to a common data set is necessary to remove statistical bias; the process is currently performed centrally. An ontology-based approach promises advantages in devolving the validation process to the registry level but the checks regarding multiple primary tumours have presented a hurdle. This work presents a solution by modelling the international rules for multiple primary cancers in description logic. Topography groupings described in the rules had to be further categorised in order to simplify the axioms. Description logic expressivity was constrained as far as possible for reasons of automatic reasoning performance. The axioms were consistently able to trap all the different types of scenarios signalling violation of the rules. Batch processing of many records were performed using the Web Ontology Language applica...

European Journal of Cancer, 2021

INTRODUCTION Europe is an important focus for compiling accurate and up-to-date world cancer stat... more INTRODUCTION Europe is an important focus for compiling accurate and up-to-date world cancer statistics owing to its large share of the world's total cancer burden. This article presents incidence and mortality estimates for 25 major cancers across 40 individual countries within European areas and the European Union (EU-27) for the year 2020. METHODS The estimated national incidence and mortality rates are based on statistical methodology previously applied and verified using the most recently collected incidence data from 151 population-based cancer registries, mortality data and 2020 population estimates. RESULTS Estimates reveal 4 million new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 1.9 million cancer-related deaths. The most common cancers are: breast in women (530,000 cases), colorectum (520,000), lung (480,000) and prostate (470,000). These four cancers account for half the overall cancer burden in Europe. The most common causes of cancer deaths are: lung (380,000), colorectal (250,000), breast (140,000) and pancreatic (130,000) cancers. In EU-27, the estimated new cancer cases are approximately 1.4 million in males and 1.2 million in females, with over 710,000 estimated cancer deaths in males and 560,000 in females. CONCLUSION The 2020 estimates provide a basis for establishing priorities in cancer-control measures across Europe. The long-established role of cancer registries in cancer surveillance and the evaluation of cancer control measures remain fundamental in formulating and adapting national cancer plans and pan-European health policies. Given the estimates are built on recorded data prior to the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), they do not take into account the impact of the pandemic.

Blood, 2008

Background. Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are the commonest haematological malignan... more Background. Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are the commonest haematological malignancies (HMs), accounting for about 10% of incident cases and 6% of all cancer deaths in the European Union (EU). There are few studies in order to estimate the differences in incidence and survival of primary extranodal Lymphoma (PEL). In Zaragoza (Spain) there is a population-based Cancer Registry (ZPCR), that includes all non-haematological and haematological (HMs) incident cases, conducted since 1960. The main aims of this study are: To review all cases with PEL diagnosis. To estimate the incidence of PEL in the ZPCR registered cases during the period 1992–2002. 2. To calculate the survival of PEL Methods. All PEL occurred in patients residing in Zaragoza during the period 1992–2002 were selected from ZPCR. All cases were reviewed in order to confirm the primary location and the morphology classification according to REAL. The population at risk was 9.266.609 person-years. The crude (CI...

Blood, 2007

Aims: The European Project HAEMACARE (VI Frame Research Program), is working in the reclassificat... more Aims: The European Project HAEMACARE (VI Frame Research Program), is working in the reclassification of hematological neoplasias included in population based Cancer Registries of 13 European countries with the objective to improve and standardize morphological data validation. Patients and methods: a multidisciplinary research group of the I+CS integrated by epidemiologists, hematologists, pathologists is working in the reclassification of Hodgkin disease (HD) included in the population based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza (CRZ) in order to reclassify according to WHO and ICD-O classifications and identify the non other specification (NOS) cases. From January 1995 to December 2000, a total of 141 patients diagnosed as Hodgkin disease are included. The sources of data were: Zaragoza population based Cancer Registry, Aragon hematological malignancies Registry (FEHHA) and from the records of public Hospitals and the National Deaths Index. All cases were identified from the CRZ and 35 case...

Blood, 2009

5028 Introduction There are few studies that evaluate the difference in incidence and survival of... more 5028 Introduction There are few studies that evaluate the difference in incidence and survival of primary extranodal lymphomas (PEL) as compared to nodal lymphomas. In the Population Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza (PCRZ) working since 1960, all incident cases of hematologic and non hematologic cancer are including. PCRZ is a data source for epidemiological studies. Objectives 1. Review and reclassify cases of NHL diagnosed during the period 1992-2004. 2. Define the incidence of PEL in PCRZ during this period. 3. Analyze the survival of the PEL and compare it with that of nodal NHL. Materials and methods Based on the data PCRZ, we have reviewed and reclassified the patients with NHL according to REAL classification and the new WHO classification (2008), diagnosed during the period 1992-2004, to determine location and histology. The follow-up period of cases was completed by December 31, 2007 Data sources: medical records, histological reports and discharged hospital reports. Popul...

The International Journal of Biological Markers, 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death... more Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in females, with a large societal and economic impact. Decisions regarding its treatment are largely affected by the categorization into different subtypes with hormone receptor status and HER2 status being the most important predictive factors. Other biological markers play an important role for prognostic and predictive reasons. The data collection and harmonization of cancer cases are performed by cancer registries whose collection of parameters largely differs, partially including results from biomarker testing. Methods: This systematic literature review consisting of a total of 729 reports determined whether information about biomarker testing in breast cancer cases is collected and published by cancer registries worldwide. Results: The number of publications using breast cancer biomarker data from registries steeply rose with the beginning of the 21st century and some hospital-bas...

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), Sep 26, 2017

The aim of this study was to show that age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for an area may not be... more The aim of this study was to show that age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for an area may not be representative of the incidence in subareas. We propose a simple measure to show the amount of geographical variability. European age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for 'all sites excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer', for men, in 2014, for Nordic countries as a whole, for each country (Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway) and for their regions, were retrieved from the Nordcan with corresponding standard errors SEs. We compared the ASR for Nordic countries versus single country and single country versus specific regions. The overlapping of 95% confidence intervals was used for ASRs comparisons. As a measure of variability, we computed the range between the highest and the lowest ASR within an area and the ratio between this range and the ASR of the overall area, r/R=(range/ASR)×100. The 95% confidence interval of the ASR for Nordic countries ...

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), Jan 25, 2016

As cancer incidence varies according to age, it is important to rule out differences in age struc... more As cancer incidence varies according to age, it is important to rule out differences in age structures in any comparison. A common way of adjusting for these differences is using direct age standardization, which applies age-specific weights from a standard population. Eurostat has recently introduced a revised European standard population (RESP). The effect of using the new standard, in comparison with that introduced in 1976 [European standard population (ESP)], is evaluated. Cancer incidence data for prostate and testis cancer for Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland from the NORDCAN web site, and for Ireland and Italy-Genoa from Cancer Incidence in five Continents-X, were analyzed. Incidence rates were directly age standardized using ESP and RESP. The RESP conferred greater weight to adults and the elderly than the ESP. For prostate cancer, age-standardized rates computed with RESP are consistently higher by between 50 and 60% than those computed with ESP. However, the ...

Numbers of census tracts, numbers of deaths for all causes, population at risk and age-standardis... more Numbers of census tracts, numbers of deaths for all causes, population at risk and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) by sex, period (1996–1998 and 2005–2007) and city (33 cities in Spain). Shows the numbers of census tracts in each city. The number varies from 57 in Pontevedra to 2358 in Madrid. This table also includes the numbers of deaths, population at risk, and the ASMR per 100,000 inhabitants by period and sex. These rates tend to decline in all the cities and in both sexes, with the exception of Zaragoza where rise in both sexes. (DOC 133 kb)

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Cancer registries - guardians of breast cancer b... more Supplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Cancer registries - guardians of breast cancer biomarker information: A systematic review by Lena Voith von Voithenberg, Emanuele Crocetti, Carmen Martos, Nadya Dimitrova, Francesco Giusti, Giorgia Randi, Roisin Rooney, Tadeusz Dyba, Manola Bettio and Raquel Negrão Carvalho in The International Journal of Biological Markers

preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequaliti... more preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in most cities analysed, associating a higher risk of death with higher levels of deprivation. Inequalities have remained over the two periods analysed. This study Nolasco et al. International Journal for Equity in Health (2015) 14:33 DOI 10.1186/s12939-015-0164-0Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, España Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlemakes it possible to identify those areas where excess preventable mortality was associated with more deprived zones. It is in these deprived zones where actions to reduce and monitor health inequalities should be put into place. Primary healthcare may play an important role in this process.

Since the 1980s, Spain experienced two decades of sharply increasing breast cancer incidence. Dec... more Since the 1980s, Spain experienced two decades of sharply increasing breast cancer incidence. Declines in breast cancer incidence have recently been reported in many developed countries. We examined whether a similar downturn might have taken place in Spain in recent years. Cases of invasive female breast cancer were drawn from all population-based Spanish cancer registries that had at least 10 years of uninterrupted registration over the period 1980 – 2004. Overall and age-specific changes in incidence rates were evaluated using change-point Poisson models, which allow for accurate detection and estimation of trend changes. All statistical tests were two-sided. A total of 80 453 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. Overall age- and registry-adjusted incidence rates rose by 2.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.7 % to 3.1%) annually during the 1980s and 1990s; there was a statistically significant change in this trend in 2001 (95 % CI = 1998 to 2004; P value ...

Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, 2010

Fundamento: Diversos estudios sugieren la relacion entre menor nivel socioeconomico y factores am... more Fundamento: Diversos estudios sugieren la relacion entre menor nivel socioeconomico y factores ambientales con mayor riesgo de cancer. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar desigualdades geograficas en mortalidad e incidencia por cancer de laringe (CL) en varones y su asociacion con factores de privacion y ambientales en el marco del proyecto MEDEA. Metodos: Estudio ecologico cuya poblacion de referencia fueron los hombres residentes en el municipio de Zaragoza. El periodo de estudio fue 1996-2003. Las defunciones fueron obtenidas del Registro de Mortalidad de Aragon, los casos incidentes del Registro Poblacional de Cancer de Zaragoza y los datos socioeconomicos del Censo de 2001. Se utilizo la base de datos del Registro Europeo de Emisiones Contaminantes en la localizacion de posibles industrias contaminantes. Para cada seccion censal (SC) se obtuvo un indice de privacion mediante analisis de componentes principales. Se obtuvieron las Razones de Mortalidad e Incidencia Estandariza...

Epidemiologia & Prevenzione, 2010

Applied Sciences, 2021

Population-based cancer registry data provide a key epidemiological resource for monitoring cance... more Population-based cancer registry data provide a key epidemiological resource for monitoring cancer in defined populations. Validation of the data variables contributing to a common data set is necessary to remove statistical bias; the process is currently performed centrally. An ontology-based approach promises advantages in devolving the validation process to the registry level but the checks regarding multiple primary tumours have presented a hurdle. This work presents a solution by modelling the international rules for multiple primary cancers in description logic. Topography groupings described in the rules had to be further categorised in order to simplify the axioms. Description logic expressivity was constrained as far as possible for reasons of automatic reasoning performance. The axioms were consistently able to trap all the different types of scenarios signalling violation of the rules. Batch processing of many records were performed using the Web Ontology Language applica...

European Journal of Cancer, 2021

INTRODUCTION Europe is an important focus for compiling accurate and up-to-date world cancer stat... more INTRODUCTION Europe is an important focus for compiling accurate and up-to-date world cancer statistics owing to its large share of the world's total cancer burden. This article presents incidence and mortality estimates for 25 major cancers across 40 individual countries within European areas and the European Union (EU-27) for the year 2020. METHODS The estimated national incidence and mortality rates are based on statistical methodology previously applied and verified using the most recently collected incidence data from 151 population-based cancer registries, mortality data and 2020 population estimates. RESULTS Estimates reveal 4 million new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 1.9 million cancer-related deaths. The most common cancers are: breast in women (530,000 cases), colorectum (520,000), lung (480,000) and prostate (470,000). These four cancers account for half the overall cancer burden in Europe. The most common causes of cancer deaths are: lung (380,000), colorectal (250,000), breast (140,000) and pancreatic (130,000) cancers. In EU-27, the estimated new cancer cases are approximately 1.4 million in males and 1.2 million in females, with over 710,000 estimated cancer deaths in males and 560,000 in females. CONCLUSION The 2020 estimates provide a basis for establishing priorities in cancer-control measures across Europe. The long-established role of cancer registries in cancer surveillance and the evaluation of cancer control measures remain fundamental in formulating and adapting national cancer plans and pan-European health policies. Given the estimates are built on recorded data prior to the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), they do not take into account the impact of the pandemic.

Blood, 2008

Background. Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are the commonest haematological malignan... more Background. Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are the commonest haematological malignancies (HMs), accounting for about 10% of incident cases and 6% of all cancer deaths in the European Union (EU). There are few studies in order to estimate the differences in incidence and survival of primary extranodal Lymphoma (PEL). In Zaragoza (Spain) there is a population-based Cancer Registry (ZPCR), that includes all non-haematological and haematological (HMs) incident cases, conducted since 1960. The main aims of this study are: To review all cases with PEL diagnosis. To estimate the incidence of PEL in the ZPCR registered cases during the period 1992–2002. 2. To calculate the survival of PEL Methods. All PEL occurred in patients residing in Zaragoza during the period 1992–2002 were selected from ZPCR. All cases were reviewed in order to confirm the primary location and the morphology classification according to REAL. The population at risk was 9.266.609 person-years. The crude (CI...

Blood, 2007

Aims: The European Project HAEMACARE (VI Frame Research Program), is working in the reclassificat... more Aims: The European Project HAEMACARE (VI Frame Research Program), is working in the reclassification of hematological neoplasias included in population based Cancer Registries of 13 European countries with the objective to improve and standardize morphological data validation. Patients and methods: a multidisciplinary research group of the I+CS integrated by epidemiologists, hematologists, pathologists is working in the reclassification of Hodgkin disease (HD) included in the population based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza (CRZ) in order to reclassify according to WHO and ICD-O classifications and identify the non other specification (NOS) cases. From January 1995 to December 2000, a total of 141 patients diagnosed as Hodgkin disease are included. The sources of data were: Zaragoza population based Cancer Registry, Aragon hematological malignancies Registry (FEHHA) and from the records of public Hospitals and the National Deaths Index. All cases were identified from the CRZ and 35 case...

Blood, 2009

5028 Introduction There are few studies that evaluate the difference in incidence and survival of... more 5028 Introduction There are few studies that evaluate the difference in incidence and survival of primary extranodal lymphomas (PEL) as compared to nodal lymphomas. In the Population Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza (PCRZ) working since 1960, all incident cases of hematologic and non hematologic cancer are including. PCRZ is a data source for epidemiological studies. Objectives 1. Review and reclassify cases of NHL diagnosed during the period 1992-2004. 2. Define the incidence of PEL in PCRZ during this period. 3. Analyze the survival of the PEL and compare it with that of nodal NHL. Materials and methods Based on the data PCRZ, we have reviewed and reclassified the patients with NHL according to REAL classification and the new WHO classification (2008), diagnosed during the period 1992-2004, to determine location and histology. The follow-up period of cases was completed by December 31, 2007 Data sources: medical records, histological reports and discharged hospital reports. Popul...

The International Journal of Biological Markers, 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death... more Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in females, with a large societal and economic impact. Decisions regarding its treatment are largely affected by the categorization into different subtypes with hormone receptor status and HER2 status being the most important predictive factors. Other biological markers play an important role for prognostic and predictive reasons. The data collection and harmonization of cancer cases are performed by cancer registries whose collection of parameters largely differs, partially including results from biomarker testing. Methods: This systematic literature review consisting of a total of 729 reports determined whether information about biomarker testing in breast cancer cases is collected and published by cancer registries worldwide. Results: The number of publications using breast cancer biomarker data from registries steeply rose with the beginning of the 21st century and some hospital-bas...

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), Sep 26, 2017

The aim of this study was to show that age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for an area may not be... more The aim of this study was to show that age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for an area may not be representative of the incidence in subareas. We propose a simple measure to show the amount of geographical variability. European age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for 'all sites excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer', for men, in 2014, for Nordic countries as a whole, for each country (Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway) and for their regions, were retrieved from the Nordcan with corresponding standard errors SEs. We compared the ASR for Nordic countries versus single country and single country versus specific regions. The overlapping of 95% confidence intervals was used for ASRs comparisons. As a measure of variability, we computed the range between the highest and the lowest ASR within an area and the ratio between this range and the ASR of the overall area, r/R=(range/ASR)×100. The 95% confidence interval of the ASR for Nordic countries ...

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), Jan 25, 2016

As cancer incidence varies according to age, it is important to rule out differences in age struc... more As cancer incidence varies according to age, it is important to rule out differences in age structures in any comparison. A common way of adjusting for these differences is using direct age standardization, which applies age-specific weights from a standard population. Eurostat has recently introduced a revised European standard population (RESP). The effect of using the new standard, in comparison with that introduced in 1976 [European standard population (ESP)], is evaluated. Cancer incidence data for prostate and testis cancer for Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland from the NORDCAN web site, and for Ireland and Italy-Genoa from Cancer Incidence in five Continents-X, were analyzed. Incidence rates were directly age standardized using ESP and RESP. The RESP conferred greater weight to adults and the elderly than the ESP. For prostate cancer, age-standardized rates computed with RESP are consistently higher by between 50 and 60% than those computed with ESP. However, the ...